. A'T. 82. w.H' z/ Recollections and Records of Toronto of Old WITH REFERENCES TO BRANTFORD, KINGSTON AND OTHER CANADIAN TOWNS ;BY w. H. PEARSON 4 TORONTO WILLIAM BRIGGS 1914 NORTH YORK PUBUC LIBRARY. MAiN Copyri ht. Canada. 1914 By W. H. PEARSON PREFACE WHEN conversing with friends I have sometimes referred to my early days in Toronto and the great changes which have taken place in the city since then. I have often been told that I should put my recol- lections in permanent form, but have hesi- tated undertaking to do this, partly because several books have already been written regarding Toronto of Old, notably Dr. Scad- ding's valuable and interesting book by that title, Ir. J. Ross Rohertson's " Landmarks of Toronto," covering a great deal of ground and containing a vast amount of useful and interesting information, and 1\11'. C. fl. Taylor's "Toronto raHed Back," also containing a good flf'al of interesting matter. After carf'ful eonsideration I decided that I would makp an attempt to write my recol- lections, heJieving that I could adrl some- thing new, interesting and of Home value, and in onw ('aSPH from a òifferent viewpoint 3 PREFACE from what had already been written and under the belief that it was a duty lowed to the community. I also felt that if I was to write anything it was about time that I did so, having entered upon my eighty-third year. In my early days I had especially favor- able opportunities for securing information and becollling acquainted with the people of Toronto, having been a clerk in the Post Office for seven years, frOlll 1847 to 1854, and consequently brought into contact with a very large portion of the residents. As a lua tter of fact I knew every person of any prominence in the city, and having a good Inemory, cultivated by IUY long training in the Post Office, learned and can still recol- lect the Christian and surnames, firnls and residences of nearly all of the business and professional men of the city and of many others within the time nmned. After leav- ing the Post Officp I was in the service of the Gas Company for the long period of fifty- four years, and was thereby kept in touch with the public. I have also a clear recol- lection of the topography of the city in th 4 PREFACE forties and fifties. Of course I have had to draw information from various other sources, and must here express my appre- ciation of the kindness of those who have so readily furnished information not obtain- able from records available to me and to whom hereafter 1 have made personal acknowledgment. I have covered a good deal more ground that at first intended, as one thing suggested another and subjects which I considered would prove interesting and of some value continued to present themselves. I have also considered it desirable to pre- sent borne statistical statements showing the progress and changes which have taken place during a number of years, not only in Toronto but in SOllIe other places in f1anada, which I have been enabled to do frOlll having thp records in my scrap-books and also hav- ing Home old directories and almanacs. I havt' pprsonaHy clIecked all the calculations and figul'Ps in these statemf'nts and have veri- fipò tliP datps referred to. As far back as 1853 I comnlenced keeping a record of the' deaths of those with whom I was personally 5 PREFACE acquainted, as well as of a number of prom- inent men, with their ages, residences, causes and dates of death, and have kept it up until the present time. The list now contains nearly thirty-nine hundred names. It seems a very strange thing to have done, and I hardly know why I commenced keeping it- possibly because the keeping of statistics and records is one of my hobbies. How- ever, it certainly has been admonitory and has proved to be of some practical use in the preparation of this material. I do not claim any literary merit for these " recollections "-my first attempt at writ- ing anJthing for. publication, excepting f1ompanies' Reports and a few letters to the newspapers-hut ha,'e simpl y endeavored to give a plain, clear, reliable, consecutive and somewhat cOluprehensive account of the conditions and progress of the city, some iInportant events in its history, a few bio- graphical sketches, some illustrations and portraits and the statistical statements referred to, with the hope that all Inay prove of some yalne and interest to the pu blic. 6 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY II. GE ERAL DESCRIPTIOX . III. THE W ATEH-FnoxT IV. KING STREET V. WELLI1'.GTOX STREET (formerly Iar- ket) CHURCH STREET . DUKE AND DUCHESS STREETS QUEEN (formerly Lot) AND COL- BORNi: STREETS IX. ADELAIDE AND LOMBARD (formerly March) STREETS X. RICHMOND STREET XI. FREDERICK AND GEORGE STltEi:TS . XII. WEST MARKET SQUARE, JARVIS, To- RONTO AND VICTORIA STREETS . 90 Y ONGE STREET 93 BAY, YORK AND SIMCOE STREETS . 103 THE ISr.\XD . 112 THg Do RIYER 115 RELIGlOliR \XIJ Pt:ßI Ie I::'>8TITUTIONS 119 THE !\IIUTAHY Arm POLITICAL co - XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVI I I. CONTENTS PAGE 11 22 26 40 VI. VII. VIII. 44 49 53 66 63 75 79 XIX. XX. DlTIONS KI:- np fal'minp;. He kept a diary, from which I learn that be embarked on the Rhip President* for New York, at Spithead, on the 5th July, 1834, leaving my lllOthpl' and mY l 1f in England, until he could pl'o\TÎfle a home for his family in Canada. Tbere were on huard six ladie and twehTe · A vessel of the same name foundered at sea about ten years afterwards and was never heard of. 11 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS gentlemen first cabin passengers, regarding whose characteristics he gives his opinion vpry freely. On the whole they seenl to have been a very sociable company and to have passed the time in a pleasant manner. There was a piano on board, and several concerts and other entertainments wer given to rplie' e the teùhun of t.he long sea voyage. The following is a programme of one of the entertainments: FIRST PART. SO:'. G " Weel May the Boatie Row" Mr., Mrs. and l\1iss Watson. SONG - - Mr. Stroud. * SWISS AIR - Miss Watson. COMIC SONG "The Browns" - Mr. Green. DUET - U 0, Come to Me when Daylight Sets .. l\1r. Stroud and Miss Watson. SOLO-PIANOFORTE Mrs. Watson. SECOND PART. SONG - SOLO-PIANO So O - SONO - SOXG - SCENE FRn,[ Miss Watson. Mr. Pelicolos. Love Not" Mr. Stroud. U The Drover's Song" - Miss Watson. Mr. Inglis. " l\L.\CBETH " "Giles Scroggins" "God Save the King" Mr. Pearson and Miss Pelham. - Mr. Watson. By all the Company. * Mr. Stroud was the clergyman who conducted the services on the ship. 12 OF TOROXTO OF OI D ..\fter one of these concerts the diary a -R: " ..All on deck-half-past ten; sea smooth as a lak and lllOon shining with brilliancy and splendor; steerage paRspugers had posses- sion of thp quarter-deck and seemingly a delighted and happy as villagers at a fair. " hen we got on deck a crowd promenaded like a masquerade." EVPQ; Sunday church services were con- ducted in thp cahin by 311'. Stroud, who wa a minister of thp Establislled Church, and on the (leck for the steprage passengers by a youth (a Baptist), apparently about twenty years of age, with whose addresses my father was much impressed and said that he attracted much nlore attpntion than the c1prgyman. TlliR youth had with him a party of about twelve young peopl . There was F:ome gamhling a to the time of the ship's arrh-al (F:onwwhnt Rimilar to ,,-hat gop!'i on at the preR nt timp). The jour- nal says: " Paid Ir. Hales twenty shillings, hp to pay me ont> R]lil1ing a day until we arrive at X ew York." .\nd ng'nin : ,. T.ottery PRtnhIiRhp(l by iRsuin tirkptR from the 4th to the 18th Augnst, hoth inclusive, each pas- t-.Pllp-pr to pay one dollar per ticket, dated the day of onr arrival at Xew York-gains fiftepn ÒOl]fll'K )Iine heing the 4th August, I sold it for RiXpellf'e." 13 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS The weather seems to have been generally favorable. The nleals are described as being "excellent." 'Vith the exception that a man was lost overboard the voyage appears to have been a very pleasant one. With regard to this tragedy my father writes: "About 6 p.m. aroused by the cry of a man over- board. The ship ÎInmediately put back, but, it blowing heavily, ten minutes elapsed before she could be wore round, when we must have been a mile and one-half from where the poor fellow was lost. 'Yhen we proceeded back every eye Rtrained in search of him, but, alas! in vain. Encumbered as he was by a hea vy Flushing coat of his o'\ n, if he were an excellent swimmer he would be soon oveJ"whe lmed in those wild, i"olling waves. The Rcene was so desolate and dreary, one can scarce imagine it, and when our unfortunate fellow-creature found his death-bed his struggles must have been short in a fearful contention with the mighty element. He was not seen for longer than three minutes-the ship at the time going from eight to nine miles an hour; and when we returned, retracing the track, we sought in vain to discover the fated being, and in half an hour the ship was again pur- suiDJl: her wonted course. This event threw a sad gloom oYer the r;:hip." 14 \ " .... .. .! 1 0 .\ , I ot i .\ J ð , . +" ...... ...... I I I: I ë . .:-:!: -oc 7. , % X OF TORO TO OF OLD On reaching Xew York my father stopped at a boarding-house in a locality the situa- tion of which he says was" delightful," and the private houses "so excellent that it made one feel as if they were scarcely out of England." From :Xew York he went by boat to Alban p. and was luuch impressed hy the beautiful scenery of the Hudson; then from Albanr to IT tica by stage and from thence to Oswego by canal-boat. From Oswego he took the steamer bnerira (which he describes as being "miserable") for Toronto, touching at Rochester, and arriv- ing at Toronto on the 25th .August, where he stopped for several days at the Ontario House. The second cholera epidemic wa then raging, the first having been in 1832. In both of thesp visitations large numherfoi were carried off. I t was in this year (1834) that the nn nw of the city was changerl from "York" to " Toronto," and of whkh the following ref- erence regarding thp cIiang-p will dou bt1f' s bf' found interesting: According to Dr. Scadding, in his intro- duction to "Toronto of Old," the district between Lakp Simcoe and Lake Huron appears to ha\ e been commonl T known 3S the "Toronto region." The river Severn was thf' " Toront.o river" and Lake Simcoe lð RECOLLECTION AKD RECORDS the" Toronto lake." "The chain of lakes passing south-eastward frolll the neighbor- hood of Lake Simcoe and issuing by the Trent river into the Bay of Quillte is also the Toronto river, or lake chain, and again the Humber is likewise occasion- ally called the Toronto river" ; the inference being "that the Severn river, the Trent chain of lakes and the Hunlber were each of them a comlllonly-frequented line of water conlmunication with 3 Toronto region-(a well-peopled district) -a place of nleeting- the haunt of numerous allied families and friendly bands." I have referred to this because the name "Toranto" is printed exactly on the site of the present city in a map of North America "drawn from the latest and best authorities, by Thomas Kitchin," being one of the maps of " a new geographical, historical and commercial grammar, * and present state of the several . The following are the estimates in the · Grammar' of the population of some American cities: Quebec, from twelve to fifteen thousand; Montreal, nearly as large as Quebec; Halifax, fifteen or sixteen thousand; Boston, eighteen thousand, and New York from twelve to fifteen thousand. Here is a description of one of the animals said to be found in Canada: .. There is a carnivorous animal here called the · carcajou,' of the feUne or cat kind, with a tail that Charlebois says he twisted it several times around his body. Its body is about two feet in length from the end of the snout to the tall. It is 16 OF TORONTO OF OLD kingdoms of the world," by 1VIIliam Guth- rie, pu bUshed in London, 1771. This is evidence as to the correctness of Dr. Scad- ding's statements. The name of the town was changed to "York" in 1793 to please King George the Third as a compliment to his soldier son, Frederick, Duke of York. As we all know, the name was changed back to the more pleasing one of "Toronto" in 1834. On the 30th of August my father went by steamer from Toronto to OakviIle (Port Credit?), where he met Ir. Frederick Chase Capreol, an old friend of his in England, by whom he was conveyed to his log house. He returned to Toronto; then went to Ham- il ton by boat, and from thence to Brantford, where with Aome friends he visited the- Iohawk Church. He then proceeded with )Ir. Capreol to Simeoe and Yittoria. He bought a two-hundred-acre farm from a Ir. Always in Oxford ''''"est, being lot number two in the fifth conceRsion of Zorra, a short distance frOll1 ßpcchvil1e and 'Yood- stock, for nine hundred and fifty dolJars, on which he built a log house, twenty-eight feet front by eighteen feet (leep, containing two said that this animal, winding himself about a tree. w1ll dart from thence upon the elk, twist his tail around his body and cut his throat in a moment!" This w1l1 be something Interesting for our naturalists. 2 17 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS rooms. On several occasions he seems to have ridden from Zorra to Toronto on horse- back, and his diary contains statements of a number of transactions and records of thp temperature, which he appears to have taken very regularly. l\lr. Always was, with Dr. Duncome, returned as a member of the Legislature for Oxford on the 11th of October. The following year (1835) my mother and aunt, with myself and infant brother, joined my father in Canada. The passage across the ocean to New York took about six weeks. I do not remember by which route we went from New York to Rochester, but fronl Rochester to Lockport we travelleù hy canal-boat. The only incidents I can remem- ber are of things that frightened me-a firc close to the hotel where we were staying in ew York, an alarm of fire in Rochester, and the flooding of the canal-boat by tht' lock gates having been opened too soon, by which we were nearly drowned. 'Ye crossed from Lewiston to Toronto by the steamer Traveller, on what I sub8equently learned was her maiden trip. She was afterwards converted into a nlan-of-war. l\{r next recollections are, when I was ahout four years old, of my fatht'r placing a gun upon Iny shon ldpl' to shoot at wild 18 OF TORO TO OF OLD pigeons- I pulling the trigger; of visiting the woods where th y were nlaking maple sugar, and of a hol's running away with me in the cutter, in which nQ' father had left Ule while he went into a neighboring house. As lliight he expe("t d-my father having alwa 's 1in rl in a eity, having had no experi- enee in farming and being cI08e on fifty :yeal's of agp, a uel my nlOther and aunt feel- ing deepl.v thp Joss of the soeiety, comforts and luxuries to which they had been accus- tonled-he did not long remain in Zorra, and in 1836 sold his farm and moved into Rrantford, where he lp:1sed the )law ;jon flouse Hotel. There, late in 1 37 or early in 1838, a battalion of the SèY nty-third Hegiment was qnartprpd and r(>mained until )Iay in 1839. It was in this l'egillwnt that the great Duke of "?eIlington cOllllnenced his eareer as an ensi n on the 7th )Iarch, 1787. The oft-hopI's an Jiyed at thf> hoh>l and the soldipl's WPl'e hil]eted amongst the inha bitants. Thp cOllllllanding officer was Colonel )larkha 1ll. T also tan distinctly rememher ome of the other officf>rs. I went to a thf>atl'ical lwrfol'manc(' which th('y gave in a vacant warehouse. Alllong t other entertainments they arranged a grand han in the hotf>l hall-room, 19 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDR From my father's ledger I find that l\Iajor Iagrath with two other officers and nine men, Captain Denison and detachment, Colonel Sir A. N. )IacN ab, staff and band, were in Brantford in 1838 and that Sir George Arthur (the Lieutenant-Governor) with his !'iIit were there in Septemher of the saIne :rear and again in January, 183!)' Captain Denison, I believe, was the grand- father of Colonel Denison, our Police :l\lagis- trate. Yisits are also recorded in 1839 of Colonel Burrows and officers of the Tenth )Iilitia and of other militia officers from time to time, also of I..ieutenant-Colonel Reid and eight other officers of the Thirty-second Regiment, then stationed in Toronto. Brant- ford seem!' to have heen quite' a rendezvous for the nlilitary men. Considerable fear of an attack by the rebels was evidently entertained, as the flooring on one side of the bridge crossing the Grand river was removed. It was while in Brantford that I first saw lucifer matches used, light having hitherto been obtained by the nse of a tinder-hox. I find that matches, which were of a very crude kind, were first used in England in 1830, but did not come into general use for a considerable time after. 20 OF TORONTO OF OLD I ha ve a clear recollection of the topo- graphy and of a number of the prolllinent residents of Brantford at that tiIue. Amongst the residents was )Ir. Ignatius Cock shutt, who died in 1901 at the age of eighty-eight years. I heard a conversation between two Dlen, one of whom aid to the other that the population of BrantfoI'd was then two thon and, and that he rememhereù when it wa only fourteen hundred, I went to a school there kept ùy a )Iiss Galt, and had for a schoolmate ::\Ir. )Iaun- sell B. J ack on, who is just one day younger than I am (whereof he boasts), and who afterwards attended the school of )Ir. Thomas H. Harte, on Chul'eh Street, Toronto, of which I was a pupil. Ir. Jack- son is living at "Drulllsnab," in Rosedale, not far fron1 where I live. II is still hal and active, and daily attends to hiR duties as Clerk of the Crown and Plt':lR at O good(' Hall. 21 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS CHAPTER II. GENERAL DESCRJPTIOY. l\Iy father, with his family, removed from Brantford to Toronto in the summer of 1839. I reluember that we came from Ham- ilton to Toronto by the stealner Br'itannia. Captain Colclugh. I have no record of the population of the city at that time, but it luust have been about twelve thousand, the population in 1836 being 9,652, and in 1842, 15,33(). Roughly speaking, the ùoundaries of the city extended, east and west, from the River Don to Spadina Avenue, * and north and south, from Front treet to Crookshank Street (now Wilton Avenue). Yonge Street was closely built up on the eaRt side as far as Shuter treet and fairly well built up from Shuter to Gerrard StreetR. Chureh Street was ùuilt up on the east side m far as Queen Street, with a nunlber of scattered residences north as far as Gerrard Street. There were also a few houRes on James, Terauley and Elizabeth Streets. * In 1833 the eastern boundary of the town was Parliament Street and the western Peter Street. 22 OF TOROXTO OF OLD The business sections were Front Street, from Church to George Street; King Street, from York to Caroline Street (now Sher- bourne), and Lot Street (now Queen), from Spadina A venue to Y onge Street. The prin- cipal business centre was I{ing Strept from George to Bay Street. The principal resi- dential streets were Front, part of Peter and Duke Streets, Front Street being really the most attractive residential street. There was no Esplanade until about 1855. A hank from fifteen to twenty feet high, and in front of Sir Richard BonnycastIe's about thirty feet high, extended the whole length of tJu> waterfront, frolll the foot of Berkeley Street to the Queen's 'Yharf, with a pebbly beach at thp margin of the hay. There were only two or three buildings on the Houth side of the street. There were a few trees here and there on the top of the bank. I remember two hickory tr('es at the foot of Yonge Street near the prf'sent Custom Honsf' from whicl} I used to knock down nuts. Even at this time, and in fact as far back as wh(>n Toronto was called by it detractors " Iuddy Little York," there were those who were proud of its stahility, attractiveness and rapid growth and had high eXpt>ctations rpgarding its future. Th(> following glow- in description, reminding one of the pro- 23 HECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS spectuses of the present-day land specula- tors, taken from the preface to Walton's Directory of York of 1833-34, probably voices the general feeling:* ""Then it is considered that forty years ago the site of York and the whole country to the north and west of it was a mere wil- derness, the haunt of the savage and of beasts hardly more savage, that sustained him in being, the splendid marks of grow- ing opulence which everywhere surround him nlust strike the spectator with wonder and admiration and certify to his mind that he beholds the nucleus of a great and power- ful Empire.t '" This directory is both an alphabetical and street directory. It contains a list of the Lieutenant-Gover- nors írom 1792, a list of the members of the Executive Council, Legislative Council, House of Assembly, their constituencies and its officers (the members from the rural constituencies being paid 10s. ($2.00) per day during the sitting of the House, while the members from towns were not paid anything). It also contains a list of the heads and employees of the various Gov- ernment departments, a list of the clergy of the various religious bodies in the Province and where located; also of the town's educational institutions, benevolent and other societies, banks, the post offices in Canada and the rates of postage, besides a good deal of other information. It appears from the direc- tory that tavern licenses cost Ell 6s. ($45) per annum and shopkeepers' liquor licenses E6 3s. 8d. ($20.73) per annum. t The population of the Home District (now the county of York) in 1833 was 47,656, exclusive of the town of York, whose population was 8,731. 24 OF TOROXTO Oli OLD " York, from its locality being the focus to which converges the produce of an exten- sively surrounding country of inlmense fer- tility, thickly settled by a robust and indus- trious population, ble::;sed with a salubrity of climatf' which braces and invigorates the human frame and stimulates to and sweet- ens labor, and being withal the seat of gov- ernment, whence is diverged the retributiye and C'nriching streams of a rapidly increa - ing revenue, has acquired an impetus in a career of prosperity, to which it would be difficult to as ign bounds. "In whatever direction the eye of scrutiny b(' turned, it luxuriates in the solid evi- dences of a well dirpcted industry, and from the precosity of enterprise everywhere pre- t'lllinently conspicuous in efforts to in pire with life and activity our inexhaustiblp fund of now inert wealth, mechanically con- veys to the mind anticipations of future con- summation calculateù to illustrate even the brightest pagps of future hh;tol'if's of COln- llwrce." 2ð RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS CHAPTER III. THE 1V ATER-FRONT. The wharves at the time were Small's, at the foot of Berkeley Street; )Iaitland's, at the foot of Church Street; J anles Brown's, near the foot of Scott Street; Y onge Street, owned by a company; Tinning's, at the foot of York Street; Dr. Reese's, at the foot of Simcoe Street, and the Queen's, at the foot of Bathurst Street. The water-front presented a very much Inore attractive appearance than it does to-day. Since there was no esplanade and only a building here and there on the south side, there was an unbroken view of the bay and the island. PALACE AND FRO T STREETS. The eastern part of Front Street to the nlarket was called Palace Street. There were several residences east of Parliament Street, between the end of Parliament Street and the windmill, one of which was occupied by )11'. Henry Lathanl, barrister. There were quite a number of houses in tht' vicinity and beyond the windmill, between 26 OF TORO TO OF OLD the Don and Palace Street, where fever and ague were very prevalent owing to the proximity of the marsh. On the south-east ('orner of Parliament and Front Streets (the present site of a portion of the Gas '"" orks), was a large square brick building, the residence of Enoch Turner, brewer, then surrounded by exten i ve grounds in which there was an or('hard. The first Parliament Buildings were f'rected on tll( site of a portion of the works of the Consumers' Gas Company, between Bcrkeley and ParlianlCnt Streets. They were projpf'tf'(} in 1794 and finished in the period intf'l'vening betweí'n Goyernor Sim- (.oe's departure frOlli the Province in 1796 and the assemhling of Parliament in 1797, under th(' Prpsidellcy of the Ron. Peter Russell. TllP buildings were two modest one-storey forty by twenty-five feet frame buiIdings-<)Jlf' for the ASSí'lllhly and the other for tllP Legislative Council. They, with thp library, W(Ore destroyed by the AUiericans on the taking of the town in 1813. Appended is a copy of the inscription on the tahlet placed on the cuke uffice of thp -ConsuUlprs' Oas rompany on Front Street: , This tablpt Ulark the north-east ('orner 27 RECOLLECTIO S A D RECORDS of the first Legislath"e Building of the Pro- vince of rpper Canada, completed in 1797 under Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. Burned by the Åll1erican troops April 27th, 1813. FIere also stood the second Legislative B uilding-1818-1824-a t:l'Ï den ta lly burned, lR2J. .Also the Toronto Gaol-1840 to 1860." On the north side, and a little to the west of Berkeley Street, was the attractive residence of Doctor the Honorable Chris- topher Widmer, thp eminent physician, thf' acknowledged head of the profession, wide and favorably known throughout the Pro- vince, and who. as a surgeon, had been in active service in the Peninsular campaign. He was below medium height, spare hut erect; in manner very decisive, quick and sonlewhat abrupt. There is a very good portrait of him in the General Hospital. On the opposite side of the street was the fair green, whpre cattle shows were held and where thp luilitia went through their annual drill. Small's wharf wa at the foot of Berkeley Street and was a favorite swim- ming-place for the boys. On the west of Dr. "'ldmer's residence were three two- storey buildings, two of which were occu- pied by Thonlas Collier and John Angel Cull of the Canada Company. " Russell Abbey" (the former residence of Ron. Peter 28 OF TonOSTO OF OLD Russell, President of the Pro-çincial GOY- ernmen t and successor to Governor Simcoe) , was situate f } between Ontario and Princes. Strt'ets. Thc house was huilt in 1777 and af'cording to the standard of the time was a ra tiler fine-looking residcllce. It was a frame one-storp building with wings, with gables fadllg to the outh. "Thy it was called HlI (>lI \bhe.r is not clear. It was inhabited by a negro family named Truss about fifty yeal"S ago and was torn down a number of years since. Between ()ntal'io and Princp Streets was a l o tlw pretty -vine-coyered cottage of )[l' . Rtowe, mother of F. P. Stowe, of the Bauk of rppPI' ran ada, and Alfred Stowe, aftel'ward manager of tbp. Gore Bank, Hamilton. Oup of her daughters mar- ried )(J'. 'Villiam Proudfoot, Pl'e ident of tlw Bank of Fpper (1anada, and the other to "TilJimn II. Stanton, solicitor. On the eOl'ner of OPOl'gP treet wa thp large rough- ea t rf'fo;idenee of (tporge )[0111'0, )[1'. 3Ionl'o was one of Toronto's prominent ('itizens. lie e<1l'ried on a large wbolesalp. grocery busi- nefo;S at tIlt' south-WCHt corner of Kin awl Geol':..w trp(.ts in a hnilding which is still standing. fIe w:t )[ayor of the city in 1841, in whÏé'h ypar hl was an unsuccessful candl- * Erroneously cal1f'd II Prln('e s" Street. 29 RECOLLECTIO S A D RECORDS date for Parliamentary honors, he and the Honorable Henry Sherwood. -Conservative, being defeated by )Iessrs. Dunn and Buchanan, Reform candidates. In 1844 he was elected as member for the south riding of York. lIe moved fronl the above house before 1850, when it was converted into the Black Horse Hotel (still standing), after which time he resided on 'Yellington Street, near John Street. He was the original owner of :Monro Park, in the eastern end of the city. He died on the 5th .January, 1878, at the age of seventy-seven years. Between George and East )Iarket Streets were several small stores, one of which was the grain and provision store of Ir. ::\Iason, who, with his sons, :Messrs. ,Yo T., Herbert, Alfred and T. G. Iason, canle to Toronto in 1842. The :Market occupied the same position as a portion of the present one. It was a reù brick structure forming threp sides of a square, the City Hall on tllP north being the fourth. The butchers' shops were arranged on each side, the lower end heing for dairy produce. There were several archways with gates giving access to the square, where the farmers disposed of their product> from their wagons. Over the butchers' SllOp aUfl on the south side facing- the street werp warc- 30 \ . . ' \ - - . - ?, ..;;;1_ ... - " - .. ', I - '" f- . { , . I :'.\" ....IILI \ .... - F'< =' .}. . .... J "' ':- ..... .. ,. ! :$ '.1 b . :(( .,I, ...' AI ,. J> ,. \ / :;; Ó ..". 00 i ;) t .If. ::; > :.. .... ; ::.... := õ :: .. :. ;. ci: :: ê ;:::: I ":õ: . .:; .::.::'" 2' :;:: . ...."<:: t::: t or: t :<.: OF TORO TO OF OIÂÐ houses and offices, one of which was subse- quently occupied by the ""ateI' "Yorks Com. pany. Following along west of \Yest :\Iarket Street were several brick buildings occupied by Jlessrs. Benjamin Thorne and Company, wholesale proyision and grocery lllerchants. (This firlll suhsequently becanw Thorne and Parsons.) )!l'. Thorne was for some tillw President of the Toronto Branch of the :\Iontreal Bank. X ext to th s(' huildings was the City IIotel, a wooden building, kept by John Ifutcheson. Opposite the f:ity lIotel Wtl8 the fiRb market, on a level space of ground on the outh side near the water-front, where fish of various kinds could always he obtained at very reasonable prices. Thel.... \\ ere sf'yeral buildings between thp hotel and thp corner of Church Street, one of which was occupied hy Junius Iaug-hter. a barbel', a colorcd llIan about four feet ill height and quite a nota hIe ehara(.t(>J". On th(' corner of Front, Church and \Yel- lington Htreets and the beginning of what was called the" Coffin ßloek" (Oil a(TOllut of its shape), was the stage office of \YiI liam "TelI r, who lived in Cobourg and ran a linf\ of Rtag' s fronl Halnilton to )Iontreal. . \notllPl' stag proprietor at this time wa!' ('harles ThoJHpSOll, wh() (' Rtages ran from 31 RECOLLECTIO S AND RECORDS Toronto to Holland's Landing. )Ir. Thomp- son lived near the city reservoir at " SUlll- merhill," which was nlorc recently the resi- dence of the late Dr. Larratt "T. Smith. Adjoining was the wholesale house of thc well-known firm of :l\IcssI's. Isaac Buchanan and Company. The next building was the residence of l\Ir. WiIIialll Arthurs, father of the late Colonel 'Yilliam Arthurs and George Arthurs, and who had a distillery on the other side of the RiYf'r Don. The next building, a small cottage, was the CustOlllS I-louse. Between Front and "Tellington Streets stood the wooden residences of the 'Yidow Stinson, John Grantham, livery stable keeper, and John 'Yhitlam, pumpmaker. 'Yest of these was thc large hrick residence of Captain Hugh Richardson. The Captain was a fine-looking, typical English gentle- man of nluch energy, public spirit and enter- prise. He owned a linc of steamers, includ- ing the Transit and ()ucen Victoria, and subsequently the Chicf Justice Robinson, all of which plied bctween Toronto and Queens- ton. The Chicf ,J lu;th.c Robinson had a peculiarly shaped bow with a projecting beak low down on a level with the water, and was designed by the raptain with the idea that thp bow won1rl offer less resistance 32 -{ -! , -u..,- .1 ll . : :i ( ..r:. I., f' . ft: I I r t. ' f 'rt \ <.. \ T L _ 1 _- ... II!! .I; ' 1 ... 1 1 l ...; - .I\ê.. . . \ .. hI .) .. ,: , !l,t I t v t.' , / I I )/ ., I, I i I . ) \ \ .pJ It J '", t /0 'I It- -1 \ 2 XJ ..-< t<- o:: .-: :: ...rn. " ... ;c c:: Z.::: ...-:c.... 1 o' "'" "5 g' :.- ö:: :5 /. !: õ - ...... c ;" -f. 0:: '" - .:: ..:.c: .;: -'" - ... 0::: . ; E â' j - =;:; :.-; ;.;: OF TOROXTO OF OLD to the water and enable the ve sel to obtain a greater rate of f'peed, but it did not a('C0111- pIish what liP had eXlJf' ted, and no other vessel bas since hpeu constructed of the salllP design. Captain Uichardson's wifp was a most attractive eldel'ly lady. 'l'hpy had a family of five ons (thrpc of whom navigated the ypsspls) an(l three daughters, one of WhOlll married )[r. anlllf'1 8hel'wood, who was for some time in the grocery husi- ness and snhsl'qnentIy Chief of Police for Toronto and who aftcl'wm'ùs became Harbor )Iastpr. He was the father of ColoIwl Sher- wood, Chief of the Don1Ïnion Police, Ottawa. As we lh'ed next door to Captain IUcharfl- son I often saw the lllCmbers of the family sittin on the porch (alllongst thelll )Ir, 81H'rwood with his tiancpe), and top;ether thl':'" formc>d quite a pkturesqne group. The three sons, Hugh, IIpury (usually called "Dad ") and ('harIes, who sailed the yessels, l'acb WOI'P a bat with a gold hand, a blue jaeket with 1n'ass huttonf' and wille white duck tronsers, a re ular sail 01' Rtylp. The next building wa thp Xorth Ampri- can Hotpl (wherc thc whoksa Ie pstahlish- ment of John )[aedonald amI Company now stan(ls). To me it seenwfl a Yl'l'Y high huild- ing. I n ed to go np to the flat roof, w}wI'(, a yiew of thp whole city C'ould b(' ohtained, 3 33 RECOLLECTIO R AND RECORDS and on a clear day the opposite shore of the lake was quite visible. It was a large four- storey huilding and the prineipal hostelry in the city. Connected with the hotel at the corner of Scott and Front Streets was a one-store v huilding, which was used for ball and assembly rooms and oecasionally as a theatre. I think thi building at the thlle was the only availahle one for theatrical perfornlances in the city. On the opposite corner and fadng Scott Street (the site of the prpsent British American Assurance Building) was an attractiye little cottage, with a sll1all orchard of choice fruit trees on the corner of the street, the hOllle of Steadman B. Camphell, a lawyer antI a well- known chal'actf'r. He was a tall, handsome man and very acth.e, the son of 'Yilliam Campbell, proprietor of the orth AUlerican Hotel. Further on there were three two- storey hrkk huildings, in one of which resided Judge the I-Ionorahle Livins P. Sher- wood, and in another Dayid ftilkison, hus- band of the organist in St. James' Cathedral. On the south side and a little pa8t of Y onge Street wharf was the soap and candle fac- tory of Peter Freeland, aftf'rward Frepland and Taylor. At the north-east cornPl' of Y ongp and Front Streets was a thr('e- torey hrick huild- 1 OF TORONTO UF OLD ing, subsequently the American HoteL and on the opposite corner, facing Y onge Stre t and a little hack frOll1 the street, the Post Office, a Oll('-stor y frame building, in front of which were a number of posts with chains between theIn, on which other boys and llly elf were accn tollled to swing. Back of the Post Office and facing Front Street stood a larp;e brick huilding, the residence of )11'. Berczy, the Postmaster, and following on, a three-and-one-half-stol'(,Y brick build- ing in whieh r sided Joseph Rogers, th hatter, and subsequently Judge Jonas Jones. On the north-east corner of Bay and Front Streets was tllt' very fiIU commodious brick resirl('n(' of Honol'ahh"\ Hohert Baldwin, ancI on the Routh side, and opposite Bay Street, were the Royal Floating Baths, built bJ" )lr. Cull. The following i an ad,'ertisement of thesp Baths in the City Dil'Pctol'Y of lRHT:* " THE ROYA\L FLOA\TIXG B.\TH O}o' THE CITY OF TOROXTO. "Thel'ì baths han' been Pl"ected h ' )[1'. Cull of this Cit "; the - an' one' hnndr('{l and t('n fppt in l ngth and twenty-one fNot in · This directory. in addition to an alphabetical list of the inhabitants of the city. contains a list of the post offices and postage rates of Canada, Customs' duties, Act of Incorporation of the city, aldermen and corporation officers, population of the city, officers 35 RECOLLErTIO R .L\ D RECORDS width, and contain t n Warll1 and ten cold baths, with yapor and shower baths. One end is exrlusirely appropriated to ladies. with a private entrance fronl the gallery outside and If ading to an ele ant drawing- room adjoining a promenade dpck eighty feet long with a dome roof, and tr('llis-work guard all round. It is capable of accommo- dating two hundred persons and so con- structed that the additional weight of thrpe hundred will not depress the bath one inch. There are reading and refrpshuwnt rooms for both laùies and gentlemen, fitted up in the best possible stJTle. These baths are highly cl.erlitahle to th(' dt . from point of a ppearance and not less so as to their utility. ,. The construction of the e baths evidencefl the enterprise of :\lr. CuIl,* but they do not and members of the fire engine and hook-and-Iadder companies, stages and stage routes, steam packets and schooners, Bible Society and other religious and philanthropic institutions, literary society, clubs, hor- ticultural societies, officers of the Board of Trade, national societies, colleges, banks and newspapers of Toronto, list of the ministers of the various Churches in Upper Canada; judges, sheriffs, attorneys, barris- ters, medical men, members of the Executive and Legislative Councils and House of Assembly of Upper Canada; and a complete directory of the Home District, besides other information. * There were two Cull brothers, Edward Lefroy, a f'lerk in tl1(\ Canada Company, and John Angel, who :}6 OF TORO TO OF OLD seem to have b pn a paying propoRition, as tht'y W(>I'P not in m e some cight or tC'n years after, excepting as dressing-rooms for the Baptists, who were imnlersp(} in the hay at the foot of Bay StreC't. A little bl' ond the Floating llaths, on the south f'ide, was thp l'e ideIH'e of John Tin- ning, whosp wharf was a t the foot of York Rtl'cl't. Rome l'onsidel'ahle distance from tliP north-west cornpl' of Front and Bay RtJ'el'ts and in thp centre of eXÌl>nsh e orna- Ilwutal grounds was" fIollalld House," tllP re idpn{'p of the HOllorahle lIenry .John Boultou, hy whom it was built in 1 31. It was usually {'aUed .. Tht> Castle;' as it rpsemhled onc. )[r. Boulton was o1icitor- (}pnel'a I for 1 T ppt'I" Canada, and in ] 833 wa!': appointed Chil'f T ustit'p of :x ewfoundlalld. TI1(, onl ' other l'esidpnec hptween Bay awl Y orl\: Stl'Cpts was that of Dr. Deihl, a lon 1wo-stOl'PY huilding stalldiu well back to \\ ellington 8tI'ppt, On the other Hidp of York Strpct waH the "Cottage;' an OI.lHt- mental I'psidence with a number of gables, the home of Captain Jame:s )L Strachan, must have been the proprietor of the baths, although it does not give his Christian name in the advertise- ment. He was a man of much energy and enterprise, and afterwards built and operated a starch factory, The father, James Cull, was the tditor and proprietor of the Albion of Upper ('an(l(la newspaper, 37 RECOLLECTIOXS AXD RErORDS son of Bishop Strachan. TIis wife was a daughter of Chief .Justice Robinson. The Ca ptain was for many years Secretary of the Toronto Club and a notable sOf'ipty man. In the centre of a square bounded by York, Shn<>oe, Front and 'Yellington Streets stood the Palace of the Bishop of Toronto. This was a handsome, large, wide two-storey building of red brick, somewbat rpsemhling "The Hrange," the bOine of the late Dr. Goldwin Snlith. The extensh'e grounds were surroundpd by a high brick wall, thp hricks for which I was inforlned werp importpù from England. Then followed the Parliament Buildings in the centre of the square bounded by Front, ".,. ellington, SiIl1coe and John Streets. At the north-west corner of Front and John Streets stood a small hotel called the "Oreenland Fishery," kept by Edward 'Yl'ight, a well-known citizen, and further on the" Halfway House," halfway between the Garrison and the City Hall, wbere the soldiers "refreshed" thenlselves on their way to and from the city. The sign bore thp legpnd : "Within this hive we're all alive- Good liquor makes us funny; If you be dry, step in and try The flavor of our honey." 38 OF TOROXTO OF OTJD Evidently not a few of the soldiers acc pted thiR invitation, and hein over- come hy the powerful flavor of the" honey," had to spend their nights in the guard- house. On thp ('a t corIH'r of Pl'tpr tre('t stood a lar e 1'0np;hcast bui1rlillg, tìlP I'psir1ence of the Honorahle (tporge Crook hank. and on thc south Hide and a littll' west of Peter Street, on a bluft' about thirty fept high awl surronndeù by tl'P(,s, the residence of 811' Riehard BonnycH:-;tle (who was formerly the cOlllInandiu officf'r of the Royal Engin- eel's), the grounds of whic'h wert' qnitp cxtensiye. Dack of thc hluff, and ('ou('eal< d frOIll vj('w, was a hathing-place whpl'f' the hoys usp(} to han a fine time aud wherc I learupd to swim. Tlw only othl'r residpuct' hetween Petcr and DathuJ'st trpets was that of thp ITonorahlf' .John IIenry Dunn. It was eithpr a fo:('xap;onul or hpxagonal huildillg, a good dt'al haek from thp strpet. ThiH was snhfo:pqul'ntl.Y OUf' of thl' offic('l's' quarterfo: of tIt(.> regiuU'uts statimlPcl at thp old fort. 39 HECOLLECTIOXS AXD RECORDS CHAPTER IV. I(I}..TG STREET. ::\IR. J. Ross ROBERTsox, in his "Land- marks of Toronto," has giyen so full a deseription, aeeOlllpanieù by drawings, of the various buildings on this street that I think it unllece sary to gh'e an:v detailpd account of thelll excepting in a few instances. ()n the sonth-wpst eOJ.ner of King and Berkeley Streets was ,. Berkeley House," the l'esidenee of Charles C. Small, Clerk of the' Crown. The hnilding is still there. On the opposite side were thl'ep brick buildings (still standing), one of which was oecupied by the IIonorahle James E. Small. Parther on, OIl the north side, was the large dOll blp resiùence of Thomas IIelIiwell, now a lodg- ing-house, alHI on the south-east corner of I{ing and Frpderick 8treets the office of the Bank of British orth America, * which building still remains. This building was * Since the removal of the Bank the old structure has been utilized for various purposes, and according to a notice placed on the building, is about to be taken down to give place for a warehouse. 40 OF TOROXTO OF OLD erected and openerl as a gpneral store by the Honorable 'Yillimn Al1an, father of the late Honorable G. ,Yo Allan, about the 'year 1818. In 1822 i1 wa occnpied by thp Bank of Upper Canada, which had ohtainprl a char- ter in 1819 and of which lr. Allan beCalllf' President and Thoma!': Gihbs Ridout, CashiC'r. Thf" Bank of Briti!-:h Xorth Ånlf'rica was lllo,'pd in 18-13 to the handsome cut stone edifie(' on the north-east COl'nel' of Y ongp and " ('llington Streets, of which :\Ir. .J. G. Howard was architpct. rrhi8 bnildin wa snhsC'qupntly taken down and replaced by one of reater altihule and lllOre in accordance with the huildings of other hanks, On the north-e lst ('orner of King alHl Frt'derick Streets was the lar e hrick resi- dencp of .JoInt S. Baldwin, which later on wa!-: for a considt'rahle tinH> the office of the Canada Company. This, :\Ir. Roh{>l'tson says, in his" Landmark!': of Toronto," was Ow first hriek hous(' in Toronto, aud was erpeted in 1B07 with hri(.k mad(> in England. On th(' south si(lp and midway hetwepn FredC'riek and George tl'eC't was the whole- salp and retail store uf 'Yilliam Proudfuot, Prpsit; the Oovernment House on the south-west ('01'IWr of Riuu'oe Ktrppt, and tlH' CPIWl' CamHI a Col1PgP on t1lP north !o;hh' we:st of Himeop tl.PPt. 4:1 REf'OLT Ef'TTO .A D REf'OnD f'HAPTER V. 1rELLI {GTO STREET (FORJIERLY ]IARI(ET STREET). Ox thp north-weRt ('orner of )Iarket and Church Streets wm the "Ontario IIonse;' subsequently the 'Ypl1ington Hotel. It wa a large three-Rtorpy wooden struetnre witl. high l'olumns and a vf>randah, with exten- sions on f'hnrch and Henrietta Rtreets. The proprietors of tlw Ontario Honsp until it became the 'Yellington Hotel were 'Yilliam f'amphel1, )[1'. Deering, my father (from 183f) till lR!l). and later on John ITutche- on and DavÏfl Botsford. On this hotel, as ,,-ell as the Xorth .American, a ùen was fixed in a frame on the top of the roof, which was rung half an hour hefore dinner-tillle in or(lel' to notif.v the g:ue ts. On the west sidt> of the hotel a sma lllane called fTeurietta Street ran from ",. ellillgton to King Street where the .Al1.any Cluh lmilding now stands. On this lane, whit-h was geupral1y in a muddy and filthy eonditioll, were two or three mis- ('rabIe, dilapidated woodf>n hOll PS and a small cottage in a somewhat better condi- 44 OF TOnOXTO OF o.LD Hun, all being occupied hy widows. A son of one he'came 011(' of onr principal dry goods merchants; of another, a manufacturer, and of anothe'I" the' proprietor of one' of the lar - (' t 1ivpr.y e!o;ta hli hments. Two of thesp wirlows kC'pt cows on tlw premises, and in tbe 11lOl'ning tJw!';P cows wpr(' takpn out to the Garrison Comnlons west of the old fort hy the' sons to raze and bronght hack hy them in thf' evening. " est of this lane' was the liver ? stahle of .John Orantham, whose wife was an officer' widow and whom tli(' ho ?s lwld in consider- able awp. )11'. Orantbam had a goat whif'h was a11ow('(1 to roam at largf>. Thp animal's hpard, whieh was 10ngPI' than that of a Jew- i h patriar("h, ga,-p him a 'f("ry venerable appearance', anr1 wlwn lw stooI)].pIlPn ihh' one of giving- peoplp a f:urpl'ise hy an atta('k frotH thf' rPHl'. \s boys \\"pr(' his lwt aYP1' ion, I gpnpl'al1 r gavp him a pretty w1(lp hpl"th. " hat with tlw goat, Ow tahl(> an(l th(' ('ow-sheds do:-;c b ? in tIle real' of tlw honsPH on Hf'nriptta Strept. t hp Ill'igb borhoo<1, as )[ I"S. )[ a la prop would ay, was (Iuite an odorife'l'oUS onp. )11'. Ol'antham wns a quipt, ta(.itnrn old Englishman. Hp lw(1 èI thiek hPHd of 4" RECOLLECTION .AXD RECORDS darkish hair with a white patch on the back of his head. Retw(,(,ll the liyery stable and what is now the Imperial Bank was what was caned "The Big Fit." ld," a bou tone hundred and fifty feet sqnare, in which circns perform- ances were held and where in the tan-bark ring the bO TS afterwards practised their tumbling. On thp west side of the field and some dis- tance back from the street was a large double house with a garden in front contain- ing some ornanlel1tal trees and beautiful flowers, the residence of a 311'. :UcDougall, whieh was afterwards cOllYerted into a restaurant kept hy Henry L. Beverley, and suhseqnelltly hecmne the residence of the postmaster. The delive'ry department of the Po t Office was in an extension Imilt in the front. Farther along the treet, on tllP east sidf> of Scott Street (which was not then opened) , were several wooden buildings, and bPJyond the line of Scott Rtreet, back near the line of Colborne Street, the stables of the North American Hotel. There were also a few wooden hOURe'f' he'tweell Scott and Y onge Streets. On tlw Routh side', hetwpel1 Y onge and Bay trept , fo,tood a large double wooden build- 16 OF TOROXTO OF OLD illg, a Ladies' School, kept by the :Misses Skirving-, afterwards the residcnce of )lr. F. C. Capl'PoL 1\[1'. Rohertson, in his" Land- markR of Toronto," gives a very intf'restin history of thif' houf'e and some of its former o('cu pa n tR. Farther on, near the corner of Bay Strpet an(l situated hack sonle distance from thf' Rtl'eet in a very large lot, was the cottage of Ir. Andrew [pr(,f'r, who was for many years the issuer of marriage licenses. )[1'. )Iercpr was a Yf'I'Y kindly Olrl gf'ntleman with a retiring di poRition. fIt> accunllllatf'd a gl'f'at rlf'al of wealth, flnrl haying dipd inteR- tate conRiflprahle trouhlf' arORf' with regal'rl to t}w di trihntion of his p tate. It waR frOlu a portion of t}w pro('f'(,òs that the )[(,l'c('r Rpfol'matory for "... onwn waR huilt. Retween Ray and York Rtreets wa a Iflrge briek Rtahlf' with a high gatf'wfl ', thp hack f'ntran('f' to HOllanò ITouse. ...\ larg(' thref'-storpy hrick hnilding Rtood on tht> nOl'tb-eaRt ("Ol'nf'r of SinH'oP anrl ""pllingtnn Rtrpf'tR, thp J'f'si(lpn('e of )[1'. .JuRtiee Hager- man. The Honorahlp ,John Crawfol'rl aftpr- warrls 1iyed tlwre, aud latpr on tlw hni1òing- waR o('('upip(l hy the Department of th(' Attorney-Gellf'l'al of Ontario. On tlw north- west cornt-'r WPl'P tlw grounòs of the Oovf'rn- .17 RECOLLECTI0 S AND RECORDS ment IIouse, now occupied by the Canadian Pacific Railway, and on the south side the grounrls of thp old Parlhullent Buildings, now occupied by the Grand Trunk Railway. . :àly rpcollection is not clear as to the huildings west of John Street. 48 " .. t I J,.... . \ . \ "1/"' I- I;'" : - -- ""'''" II '" .. --1 I:m hi T. \ ,\lI:E\\'S ])\:E BYTEnL\X éIIL"nCII. F. rcrted ] 831. OF TOROXTO OF OLD CH..\PTER VI. CilURel1 STREET. Ox the ,,"pst sid of Church Street between th Ontario IIou p amI )raJ"k t I.J3ne (now Colborne Rtrept) stood a couple of wooden huildings. X orth, between "Market Lane and I iDg Rtrtl t, wa 1lw Bond Bead Hotel, tlw Hign heing a pif'tur of Sir Francis Bond rr a ts (formerly New- gate) werp the Conrt House, Fire Ran, anfl 011 the cornpr St. ..\ndrpw' rhurch, thp foun- dation of which was laid hy )11'. Tholl1a:-: Cal'fra , .TnnioI', on .TUIl(> 24th. 1830. It wa a plain hriek hnihling-, spypnty-fivp hy fifty f et, plaster'e(l to repre eni stone and d signcd by 3fr. J. n. IIoward. The orig- inal tl'nst PH wprp )r PSHI'S. Jamcs F. Smith, Thoma Carfrap, .Tr., .Tohn Ewart, IIugh Carfra , 'Yaltp]' Rose, ..\.lexander )Iurray and .Taroh T n.tham. The first minister was the He\". \\ïlliam Hintonl, thc econd Rpv. 'YilIi:nn T. T..p:u-h, ancl tlw thircl the TIe,". DI'. .Tohn Barelay, who was thc pastor in 4 49 RECOLLECTIO S AND RECORDS 1839 and continued as such for twenty-eight years. The congregation waS a very influ' ential one. Amongst its Inembers wpre a considerable number of prominent citizPl1s -judges, members of Parliament, lawyer and merchants. Thp Rev. D. J. :l\1acdonell 1H'ceefl('d DOt'tor Rarc1ay and on the huil(l- ing of the new Rt. Andrpw' Churt'h on th( corner of King and 8inlcoe Rtreets went thpre with the nlajoritJ of the congregation, only fifty-eight of th(' old mpmb('l's remain- ing' in the chuJ't'h. In 18TG tlw Rev. G. )1. )IilIigan, of Detroit, was called to the pa - toratp. Thf' old church was subsequentl.v sold and a n('w t'hurch (known as Old St. Andrew's) ImiIt at the cornel' of Jarvi and f 1 arlton Streets, with the Rev. ft. 1\1. )IiBigan as its pastor. Between Adelaide ana Lombard Streets (then )larch) there were sonle two-storey brick huildings, most of which are still tanding. On the north-we t corner of Ch ul'ch a nd I onl hard was a large stone huilding covered with plaster, which is still stanùing. This I undpl"stand was the first stonp building prpcted in Toronto and had been the dwelling of several important people. 8ubsequently it wa a tavprll and now is a junk shop. Rptween this and Ricb- mond Street (formerly flospital) were two 50 OF TOROXTU OF OLD or three wooden building . On thf' north- west cornpr of Richmond and Church Rtrpets was the residpllce of Dr. Telfer, and fnrtllFr np Harte's ('hool (which has just heen demolished). On the corner of Queen Rtl'(}ei (then I..ot) was Dr. King"s surgery and rp!o:idpllce, whieh ha heen conn}rtpd into a hanking offi("P. Rptwppn Quepll and Rhutpr trectR was thc' ){('c Hll Hquare, in tllP ('puÌI'C of whieh was a roughcast ('otta e, tlH.' residence of Ja1llf' )IeCntcheon, IH'otllPr of the Ilon. PetpI' )IcGilI. * 4\1l the di h'ie1 ahoyc this on the west sidl' wa!': fiehls. I gathered Rtrawhel'l'ie on the lõ:;itc of thc Roman ratIlolic ratlw- <1ral aTul heechnuts on what il': now thf' X ormal ('hool Rqmu'f' an(l hot a "ild pigpon )war the corner of OOllld Rtref't. Tn thp forties and well on in the fifties, dnl'ill the' !'l1l1lmf'I' mOJlth , immense flocks of pigeon!'; in their migration flew over the out- Rkirts and sOlll(}timPR tlU} ("it.,. it pl f. and PYf'l'yhmly who had a gnn took a(ln1nta!!L} of thp opportunity to shoot them. I hnYl} sc(>u (]uitp a numlwl' of Jl)(}11 nlHl hoys firin at thPHl near )Ir. 4\.l1an's propf'l'ty on what is now Hhnter Rtl'('pt, sin('(> thf'rc wns tlU}1l no prohihition ng-ainst discharging firearms . Mr. McGill, who assumed his surname for a speclal purpose, was formerly a McCutcheon. 51 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS in the city. One of the an1l1S nlents of the day was shootin nighthawks, and the foot of Church treet was quite a popular place for this sport. On the east side, hetween Front and King Rtreets, were several wooden buildings; lwtween I{inp: and Adelaide treets the grounds of Rt. Jauws' {1athedral, and hetween ..\delaide and Lombard Streets some wooden huildings, one of which was the confectionery shop of 31 r. "Tilson, a popular place with the schoolboys, and which is still standing. 3fl'. \Yilson was a prominent Orangpman and a local cf'le- hrity. On the south-east corner of Rich- mond anl'on. hp first huilding lu,tw('('n Rhprbonrne RtI'c t (thpn Caroline) HHl npor e Rt1'ept was the residence of ('olonel Oporge nng an, a very png-naeion old gOPlltlelnau, and at HiP rear was a larg<, OJ'ehard. )fy family Iivpd Iwre for a short tiuH' in lRtl hpfore moving' to I(ing ton. ...\ fpw (loors wpst was tlU' I"psidpu('e of 'rhomas D. Ha1'ri .uHIIH'xt to this a hl'iek mausioll, tliP residpll<'P of T ad.r ( ampbell, widow of ir "ïllia1ll ('mnplu'lI, Chief .Justice of rppPl' Canada, who flie(1 in lSa-t. (TIlt' hni1(liug is stilt standin .) Thp next stl'lW- tnl'e was the ronghca t re idpll(,{> of )11'8. 53 RErOLLErTIONR .AXD RECORDS Campbell's son, "Tilliam A. Campbell, bar- rister and (1lerk of the Assize Court. On the corner of Duke and George Streets stood the Bank of Upper Canada, a substantial stone building (now sOlllt'what altered-the Catholic Brothers' Sehool), of which Ir. \Ynl. Proudfoot was President, Thomas G. Ridout, )Ianager, and R. G. Anderson, a very ner"ous, test." old gentleman, the f'hief Teller. Rome of the clerks were lessl's. Alfred and F. P. Stowe, John losley, E. Goldsmith, ".... )1. 'Yestmacott, Charles S. 31 urray and )laurice Scollard. On the opposite eorner was )Irs. Cockburn's IÆdips' School, formerly thp r('sidence of .Mr. Simon \Yashburn. On the south side, between C ll'oline and Frederick Streets, were two large three- storey brick buildings (still standing), anf} next to these the orchard of ...\Irs. John S. Baldwin. Dr. cadding and his fiancée ()Iiss Baldwin) often promenaded in this orehard, and as our house was just opposite the ronlance was quite interesting to my mother and aunt. On the WNd side of this orchard \ypre two othel' large brick build- ings (I-Jtill standing), one of which was the resideucp of 1\lrs. John S. Baldwin. )Irs. Baldwin was tllp lllothpl' of the Re"\". E(hnund Baldwin, th(> assistant luinistpl' of 54 OF TOROXTO OF OT D St. James' C'athedral; )Ir. )Iorgan Baldwin, who became a Director of the Oas Company and Harbor --'laster; Bishop Baldwin, who e Christian name was )Iaurice, and the Rey. Arthur H. Baldwin, Rector of .\11 Saints' Church. )lorgan and )Iaurice were guarded YPI'Y clo ply hv their nlother and in order . .., , to get out to the strpet tlwy crppt under the gate, and since the space was quite nar- row, it wa not an unCOlnmon thing for them to haye thpir pinafol'ps in a ",cry muddy con- ditioll. )Iiss Shaw, the fiancée of Gelwral Brock, was a sistcr of )lrs. Baldwin and in the fiftics was a mcmùer of thE' Richmond Rt '"Ppt )lethm1Ïst Churl'll. I had the pleasurp of kuowing her. Rh(' was a charming old lady and a devoh'd Chri tiall. DC('HESS TI{EET. 'l hp only r(' id('IH"P on thi !'\trcpt of any illlportancp tlwt I ,"PIIlPlIlbpr was the old Uidout hOlllestp Hl on tli(' north HieIp, hl't" pen BerÞ>lpy awl (jporg p trpptH, surrOlllldt'(l hy ('xtpusive gronnds running back as far as ( l1e{'n h"ppt. I can 1"p1Ilpmhpr seeinp; wheat rowiIlg OIl a portion of th i propprty us lab' as 1837. 55 RECOI.JLECTIO:KS A:KD RECORDS CHAPTER VIII. QUEEN AJ.lD COLBOR E STREETS. QLEE STREET. (Formerly Lot Street.) THE only building I remeluher on tlw north side of this street, hetween Par lia- n1ent and Seaton Streets, was the residence of Edward l\Ic)lahon, which was sur- rounded hy extensive grounds. Back of this was nothing but fit'lds and woods. There were one or two houses near (lueen Street on what i now Seaton Street, one of which was the residence of J. Doodsly Humphrey, the music teacher, one of Toronto's most popular yocalists. Queen Street East ended at aùout the line of Sher- bourne Street, as the property of the Honor- able 'VilliaIl1 Allan exteuded to Britain Street, through which Queen Strf'et on the west side was reached near George 8treet. All the property north of Britain Street between what is now Sherùourne Street and George Htreet, the line of which was not then extended beyond (lneen Street, as far as Bloor Street ùelonged to )[r. Allan. 56 OF TOHO TO OF OLD " )Ioss Park," his residence, was a fine, large anù Ï1uposing eùifice situated about four or five hunùreù yards north of Britain Street, and was taken down a few years since. It was certainly the largest and most imposing resid('ucp ill thp cit . at the time and for many Jears aftpr. Tile entrance to thp grounds was through an avenue running nortil from Queen treet. In the rear of tilp ilous(', extpll(1Ïng as far h:H'k a ahout half way ùetwpen ilutpl' RtJ'cet an(1 ""'iJton Cre:--cent, was a very large orchard, some of the apple trees of which arp still standin in the yards and lawns of several of the houses on ppmhroke Rtl'cct, and which a few years ago were ùearing' fruit. Bal'k of tlw orchard" as what n1Ïght be callpù tile farm, in whh-h I r(,JJlcmher there was a fielù of wileat ahout 1 -t3 or 18-1-:1. ...\. large Inu h, known as A.llan's Rn h, pxtended all thp way fro111 Gerrard to Bloor Strl't't!5, lUany of thl' h'cps of which are still g'rowing in thp ....\lJan (1aI'tlPll and OtlH']' in yariolls loea- tions almost aR far llorth as Bloor Stl'l'(,t. r.l'h re was a dc.'l'p pool Soule...'where near thc..' cornpr of hprhourne and ('arltou Htrpets into whieh OIl(' of Ill,V ('OJllpauions threw me, and not heing- a1>1<' to wi1ll I was 11 ('a 1"1." drowlwd. I really ùo not know the SOUl'('(' of this pool but I ('ertainly huye not for- 57 REflOLT ECTIONR AKD RECORDR g-otten tlIP vent. :Ur. Allan was a digni- fied, nlÎlitary-looking luan, rather brusque in his manner. lie had a strong Scottish accent and when asking for l1is letters, when I was a clerk in the Post Office, used to say to me "Bov boy oiahty-oio"ht oio"htv- , ", ", b. 0' . oight," thi being the number of his letter- box, next to Bisl10p Strachan's, which was eighty-seven. )Ir. Allan was the fir t ('01- leetOJ' of Customs for thp town of York and also the first Governor of the British Anlerica Assnrance Company, and held nlallY other important offices. He was one of our lllost prominent citizens. Following on the nortl1 side of Queen Rtreet, a consid rable distance batk and fadng J arvi Strept (fo1'merl T ew Street, then X (' Ison ), in the centre of extensive grounds extending fronl the line of )[1'. Allan's property to )Iutnal Rtreet on thp west, was tlw residence of 1\11'. Samuel Peters JalTis. )[utual Sh'eet was then what lllight he calle(l a ('OlulÌry lan(' in which werp numerous trees. East of this street was )11'. Jarvis' orchard and bptw{'c.'n tIle line of 'Yïlton ...\.venue and Sl1nter Strcpt a grove of pine trpes known as Jarvis' Grove, in which occasionally unday-school picnics werc hcld. Th re was a ficld between r ntnaJ awl what is now Dalhousie Rtref't, 58 OF TOROXTO OF OJ..D <,xtending a far had\: as the line of ShuteI' Street, which was USPù as a playgrounù hy the HchoolhuY8 and where I often took part in the gault's. )I Hill Rqual'e occupied the space between ('hul'eh and Bond Stre<,ts, and on tlw west ('orner of Queen and Bond Sh'l'eh; was tlw clwplling of JamC' Hoocl, who afterwardR huilt the first engine for the Ontario, illlcoe and IItu'on (afterwar.Is the Xorthern) Railway. )lr. Hood owned four or five homsP:5 on Bond Street adjoining' his own, in OIll' of whi h IllY family lived and all of whi h art' still standing. Thcrc were a few woodC'n buildings It<,twp('n )Ir. Good"s rpsidpnc'e and what was thpn called {;pper Gporge tl"l.pt (now Yictol"Îa). The Colored Baptist f'llllrc'l1, a rongheast huilùing, was on the east corner. Between Victoria antl Yongf' Htl'l'ets there were al::;o woollen build- ing- , in tile rpar of whieh wa )Ir. Good"s foundry. There waR cOll itlel'able vacant space OIl the west siùe of Yonge Street, which hac1 not ùecn Imilt on late in the sixtips, awl at thp hack of the lot toud .Molltg-olllPry's Tan'rll. \ Humher of Imild- iugs, llloStly wooùen, Rtoocl hptWPPIl YOIlg-C' ane I aJ N' H trc ,pts (llO w (,hestn u t) . OIl thp W(' t of CIH'stllut trl'et was the t:entrC' IJlli)(}ill amI pa d wing of O go0(1p Ilall, the wc'st wing' not ha dug lwell built 1111 til a 59 RECOLIJECTIO S AXD RECORDS number of years afterwards. University Avenue (then called College .A.Tenue) had been laid out, but the trees were little more than shrubs. About 1842 a large square stone structure, which was planned for one of the buildings of the proposed King's Col- lege, was erected a few hundred yards to the n01'th-west of the upper end of the avenue, the architect being )lr. Thonlas Young (under Wh01H I studied drawing). The building was subsequently used as an insane hospital and was dellloli hpd many years ago. The rest of Queen treet as far as Spadina \Tenue was then fairly weB built up, most of the houses being wood. The only building of any prominence that I can recall was th(' H Black Bull Inn " on the north-east corner of 80ho Square. The wide portion of Queen Street between Peter amI Rpadinfi Avenue was original1y intended for a market-place. On the south side of Queen Street com- mencing at Jarvis Street (then Sew) there WPJ'e no buildiugs of interest lwhn>l>u that anù Cl1urch Rh'ept. "Test of Dr. I{jng's residencp on the south-west t:ùrner of ( lwpn and Chureh Streets W{')'f> tl11'e(> tl1rpe-storpy hrick house (still standing), one of whi('11 was occupÏf>d by 1Y. c. Ross, afterwards manager of one of our 60 OF TOHOXTO OF OI D fh'st Building Ro<"Ïetie ; anotheI' by )lr. Baby, and the other afterwards as the school of )Irs. Henning and )liss Brown, sisters of tllP Honorable Georgp Brown. ',,"est of y on e Strpet there was a large vacant lot on which suhsequently I{nox Church was huilt. FoJIowillg was 'rm. LHug-ley's !-ìhop stOl'e and next to thi the shop of John Hon- stpin, a tailor, who made e10thes for nlewhen he was ahout ninPt '-fiT(, years old, and who died at tlw patriardwl age of one hnndre(l and plen-n. During the last few years of his life on fine days he was seated at the door, and lookp(] yery mueh likp a lunnlmy. 'rhere werp a numher of wooden huildings hetwepn here and PeÜ-r Street. many of whkh still remain, awl also the Qlwell Rtr('f t )[ethodist Church, a small hrick huilding' a litth east of Spaember, 183-1. TIH first service was held ill the )1asonic Hall on Colhorne Sn'ppt, and thp services con- tinued t}H're until they secured the use of the old )I( thodist Chapel on George treet. 311'. 3Ierrifielcl, in 183G, was succeeded by the Rev. John Hoaf, of 'Yolverhanlpton, England, who was pa tor fol' Revellteen years, and resigned on the 15th June, 185:5. lIe dit'd on thp 2nd Rt>ptemh('r, 1 ()2. Having outgrown the accOIumodation on (1POl'gP h'eet, a lot was secured and honght on the north-east ('01'11('1' of Ray and ..\dp- laidp h'eets, and a ('hurch with a Rcnting eapatity for I'wyen hUIHh.ed, with a ha (,lllent for a RUllIla,v ,whool, hrkk faepd amI plns- tered, was PI'('("t('(l, and tlll' first service !lP]ù on the 1st of .January, 1 -!O. ThiR ..hurch \nlS d(' tl'o 'ed hy fi1'P on tIll' 2t)th Fchrual'.v, 5 65 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS 1855. The congregation then worshipped for a tÎllle in St. Lawrence llall. A new church of white hrick with a seat- ing capacity for about eip;ht hundred was then erected. The corner-stone was laid on August 1st, 1855, and it was dedicated on the 26th September, 185G. The Rev. T. S. Ellerby was the pastor from the 29th Iay, 1856, till )Iarch, 186ft He was succeeded by the Rev. J. S. lanly, who was pastor until 1870. On the 13th February, 1849, twenty-five luembers withdrew and organ- ized what is known as Bond Street Church. These Inemhers rented a snlaII roughcast building, previously occupied by the Episeo- pal )[ethodists, on the south side of Rich- mond Rtreet between Yonge and Ray Streets. The church was designated the Second Congregational, the first minister being the Rev. Archibald Geikie, from near Sarnia. In the same year the nlembers bought the old building for $1,200. Later, lr. Geikie having resigned the pastorship, the church was supplied hy students until lay, 1854, when there were about thirty-five Inembers. They next caHed and securpd the services of Rev. F. H. :\Iarling from )Iont- real. The church was then enlarged and modernized. fi6 OF TOROXTO OF OLD In 1863 the lot on which the Bond Street Church stanòs was bought for 2,200. The old church was sold in 18().j and was soon after occupied b;v the congregation of thf' Catholic Apostolic Church. The corner- stone of thf' Bond Strf'et Church was laid on the 8th June, 18G3, and the church opened in Decelnber, 1 63. Th building, including the furnishings and organ, cost $14,000. ..\t the end of 311'. l\Iar1ing's pas- toratf' ill 1875, when he acceptpd a call to the Presbyterian f1hureh in Xew York, the church roll contained two hundred and forty names. Thprp wa no l'a:-;tor ulltil 1877, whpn 31r. T. "... Hanford was appointed, who resigne-d on .Tunl' 1st, 1880. The cburC'h was dismantlf'd in 187R Thp corner-stone- of the prpse-nt ehnreh was laid on .Tune 8th, 1878, and thf' church opened on Jlay 1st, 1879. The entire cost wa about 3ROOO. Dr. ",,,"iId hecanw pa!':tor from 1880 till 18!}3. During his ministry 497 lll mbers Wf're adde(l, nmking' the total membprship G 2. The present srhoolhousl was erected in 1888 at thp cost of 20,OOO. The follow- ing is a lis1 of the succepding ministers: Rev. Thomas Himms, August, 18!)3, till I8!)7; Rev. 3Iorgan ""ooò, 1 97 tin 1900; Rev. Tamps L. Gordon, .Tul;\' 10th, 1900. till Ff'h- rual"J, 190;); Rp,". .T. n. Ri1cox, 31arch. 1905, 67 RECOLLECTIO S AND RECORDS till 1907, and the present pastor, Rev. Byron II. Stauffer, from October, 1907. The following were the original officers in the Bond Street Church in 1849: Deacons, ,Yo D. Ta:rlor and J. F. :l\1arling; Trustees, J. F. )larIing, E. F. 'Yhittelllore, John Rains and R. Beekluan. The other Congregational churches at the present time are: Bethany, at the corner of rollege and Y onge Streets; Broadview, at the south-west corner of )lount Stephen; Dovercourt, at the corner of Salem Avenue and Shanly Rtl'eet; Olin1t, on Hazelton Avenue, corner of Scollard Street; the 'Vest- ern, 327 Spadina Avenue; the Northern, 480 Church Street, near Alexander Street. 1\11' . John Doel, * the bl'ewpr, resided on the ;1orth-west corner of Bay and Adelaide Streets, opposite the Congregational rhurch, hiR brewery being in the rr-ar. His house is still standing. In polities )11'. Doel was an ardent l'f'fOrlllf'r and at the time of the la("kenzie Rebellion was arrested with his eldest son John, on suspicion, but without cause, so was s\1h equently released. )11'. Doel, indeed, was strongly opposed to )11'. * Mr. Doel's family were in continual fear with regard to the stability of the spire of the church on the opposite corner to the east. This spire was blown down in the windstorm of 1862, causing considerable damage, but it fell to the east and the house escaped. 68 OF TORO TO OF OI..D l\Iackenzic's ourse. His on John was a vt'ry diminutive luan ahout four feet ten inches in height, very thin ùut wiry, and Ih.ec1 to be ninety-thrf'e years old. He became a preacher, first in the )Iethodist Xf'W Connexion Churt:h and after the Union in the .Methodist Church of Canada. lIe was an excellent taxidprmi t and a good horti- cultura1ist but did not excel as a preachf'l'. It was related of him that when he preached from the text, " It is I, be not afraid," and announced it in a loud yoicp, lw created quite a sensation. (One of :Mr. Doers daup;hters, )lrs. J. "T. Drummond, is still HYing at a YPIT adn1nced agf' at )Iimico.) On the north-east ('ornpr of \.dplaide anù Sinlcoe 8tl'eets were Bishop's Buih1ings, which m'e still standing. On the south fo;i [ ùOë.u'(h'd for sPYf'ral years. )Irs, ".hitlt,y was an old lady with two maidpll daughh'r approaching middle a w, who, with the oCf'asional assistance of "lu'lp," IHê.uIaged th, estahlishIllf'nt. Th how.;e was very plainly furnished, hut tht' 69 RECOLLECTIü:SS A:SD RECORDS meals were very fair, the rate for board and lodging being $2.00 and $2.50 per week. There were usually about a dozen boarders, and it was one of the nlOst popular boarding- houses in the city. Ålnongst the boarders was Charles J. R.rkert, of St. ratharines, who was at this time a law student in the office of .Messrs. "'"ilson and Smith (Hon. Adanl 'Yilson and Larratt ,Yo lllith), and was afterwards for many years a prominent lllembpr of the Ontario Legislature and the Dominion IIouse of Parliament and occu- pied nlan.r positions of importance. He was a very notable character antI had a long ancI varied career. He was strictl.r ah temious and an indefatigable student, often stndying until late in the night and as earl.r as five in thc morning. He was, even then, a very hot Tor.r, and hatefl the principles of the Radicals (as they were called), and entertained a strong antipath;v to thc IIonorahle George Brown, to which he VPl' v freel.r gave expression. He was ener- getic, impetuous and a born fighter, but most generons and kind-hearted. lIe and I werc always good friends. I have just noticed that he passed away at St. Catharines on Decemhpr 28th last, at the age of eighty-two. Some of the others werc: Tom Holmes, t1 droll North-of-Ireland man of about thirty 70 OF TOROXTO OF OLD yearf': of age, later the subeditor of th British Colonist, a kind-hearted but rather touchy fellow and yery disputatious, who afterwards wpnt to " ingham, where he hecame a prominent citizen ; John Grist, who was a student with )11'. "T. Thomas, the architpct, and aft{'rwards went into part- ncrship with his brothcl' in Ottawa as patent solicitor; Harry IIor ey, tall and fine-looking", a sÌ1Hlent with )fr. .J. G. Howard, archih'rt, who went to Ottawa and ],pcame a promÎIwnt architect there, was the father of the late Doctor Horsey, :M.P., of Owen Sound; -Gordon, a clerk, fine-looking, p:ood-hearted and a good singer; \lfred Rylwrt, a yonnger hrother of f'harles, a nice, quiet young man, who afterwards hpC<111W an officer in the lOOth Regiment, and, occasionally, his hrother (}pol'ge, very sedate, the oldest of the family, awl one of the Pl'oyincial I..and Surveyors; TOIn Tilt, a lawyer; .Tim tilll OIl, an uncle of flol. J. A. RtilllsOIl, a !'!t1H1<>llt, morose and irritable, who used to ridicule and per ecute me wheft I became a fethodist, for which he, when he hilll elf ],peamp OIlP and a class-leader, "TOt<' I1IP a Ipttel' of apology from rali- fornia, wherp he rcsided; he had only one thumb, a fact of which he sometimes used to complain hittprly; - IIackptt, a medical 11 RE(10LLECTIO 8 .A D RECORDS student and a quiet, unassuming fellow, who afterwards practised medicine for many years in N ewmarket; - Clarke, a good singer, son of Deputy Commissary-General Clarke; Richard Clarke, a dry goods clerk, who afterwards becanle a )lethodist luinis- ter-he kept aloof from the rest of the boardpl'S and occasionally used to give me a kindl y talking to; later on )11'. Richard Yates, a Director and afterwards President of the Gas Company, and with whom Rev. )11'. Caughey resided while in Toronto; he was the" star " boarder. 1Ye often had as visitors "TiIliaul and Cyrus Thomas, sons of )lr. "'ïlliam Thomas, both of whOln afterward becanw prominent architects, one in 'Chicago and the other in l\Iontreal; and John Boyd, Assistant City rhamherlaill (Treasurer), afterwm"ds of the firm of llo)>d and Arthurs. They came in to smoke and talk and sing. 'Ye had a min- strel club, playing and singing darky song , the instruments being a banjo, guitar, fiddle, sometimes a flute, jawbones and castanets. "... e used to nlake a rare noise. Occa ionally we promenaded thp streets singing our songs, for which Wf> were never molested by the police. I must say that on the whole the boarders were a very decent, sohpr lot of fellows. It was a very rare thing for 72 OF TOROSTO OF OT..D Jiquor to be used, hut sometimes we played ho dsh pranks, very much to poor :Miss " hitley's anno .anc . ..\djoining this brick building was the resi- dence of Dr. Durnside, the wpH-known physi- cian, and after whom the Burnside IIospital is called. X ext to this was the rectory of St. James' Cathedral. There were no build- ings between the St. Andrew's Church (l'efpITPd to pls(>wlwre) on the west cornee of (1hurch and Adelaide Street and the ..-\(lelaide Rtreet )lethodist Church (referreu to f'll-;pwhere) on thp past ('orlIel" of Toronto Rtre( t. ('n the opposite (,OI'IWr, and nparly a far as the line of Yictoria Rtreet, stood a wooden building, the hotel of amuel Gar- sid(>. Between Yongl> and Bay treets, I(et- dH1m's tannery (l'pferrpd to pl:-;ewhere). lletwf'cn Bay and York Streets a number of prinlte residences, ,",owe of which hafl orchards in the real'. LO IIU.Im TnEET. (Formerly March Street.) OIl th(> north side, ahout lnidway between .Jarvi and ('hur('h tr('('ts. was the Baptist Chapel, a swalI brick hniJ(ling with a I-;pat- illg eapacHy for ahout one huudrpd and fifty lwople, tlw only Bapti t plaee of worship in 73 RECOLLECTIOXR .AXD RErORDR the city (refprred to elsewhere) ; and mid- way between Church and Yictoria Streets was the brewery of .James Jlutcheson. :Uarch Strpet was then and for a consider- a ble time aftprwards thp most disreputable street in the city. It was the sluln district of the time. The houses were nearly all of wood and many of thelll in a dilapidated and unsanitary condition. Fights and l)raw]s on the street were of frequent occurrence, and respectable citizens would only go throug-h it in the night-tillw with much reluetance. .After the 1l1Ora] conditions of the street had somewhat improved, and owing to its previous bad record, the nam was changed to Stanley Street, but it was still a disreputable locality. .After further improvement had taken place it was again changed to its present name, LOInbard Street. It is now onp of the wholesalp streets of the cit v, nearly all of the old build- ings ha dug heen taken down. One of the most notable of its denizens was )Iichael Dwan, who frequently appeared at the Police Court and was called the )Iayor of Stanley Street. 14 01 TORO TO OF OLD CH.APTEH X. RT()HJIO D STREET. THE part of what is now Hichmond Street west of Y onge treet was called IIospital Street. On the north side of this street, cOlllmeneÏng at Xew Htreet (now Jarvis), there were no huildillg8 of any note before reaching ChtH'ch trept. On the north-west cornpr of Hidnllond and Church Streets was thp re idence of Dr. Telfer. Following west of this was a I'OW of brick houses, in one of which rpsideù \fr. E. F. 'Yhittemore, one of Toronto's prominent Hwrchallts and after- wards Presidpnt of the ('onsUlllers' nas Company. \t the corncr of Clare Strpct stoocl the larp;e brick re idence of Ir. Thomas tOl'm, a well-known huildpr, and fatlwl' of )11'. ,Yo o. torm, ar<'llitpct. On the opposite corner, where thc Sons of Eng- land hl1ildill lloW stands, thel'c wa a lurg'p WOOdPIl hniltlÏng, tIlt-' re it1('ncp of Dr. Prim- rose, and farther on the l'esidpnce of Dr. John King, which is still standing, but in a dilapidated condition. On the east COl'- upr of Upper (teorge Street (now Yictoria) 15 RECOLLECTIO S A D RE('ORDS waR the boarding-house of 1\11'. Butters, and on the opposite corner (where the ronfed- eration Life building now stands) the house built by 1\11'. Colin Drununond, afterwards for many years the boarding-house of Hum- phre:r Elliott, and later on the )Iaternity Hospital. )Ir. J. R. Arlllstrong's foundry oecupied the space between this building and his store on Yonge Street. ""'est of Yonge Street was the lot on which Knox Church was afterwards Luilt. A compara- tively small wooden structure was erected about 1843 at the time of the disruptiou of tllP Scottish rhurch. This was occupied temporarily Ly the congregation of the Presbytprian Free Church, of which the Rev. 3Ir. Harris, who was a son-in-law of Jesse Ketchum, was the ulinister until this time, when he was succeeded hy the Rev. Dr. Burns, who had recently arrÏvpd from Scot- land. (One of )[1'. Harris' daughter , \lrs. ".,.. Lawrence, is living' and rpsi(lps on II nn tIey Street.) An aådition facing Rich- lllond Street was subsequently huilt. I do not recall any buiJdings of impor- tance uutil we reach thp propertJ' and resi- dence of Chief Justice Robinson, called "Beverley House," a well-known, large, attractive roug'hcast building, and more recently the residence of Ir. Christopher 16 OF TORO TO OF OLD Hobinson. Chief Justice Sir John Beverley Robinson wa a prominent memher of the Family Compact, of which Bishop 8trachan was the controlling spirit. He was the Attorney-General and Chief Justice for rpper Canada prior to the union of Cpper and Lower Canada. He was one of the 11l0st important lllen in the coulltry-a fine-look- ing man, ypr." erect and of medium stature. The're was a most striking contrast both in the appearance and characteristh-s of his three sons. Rir J aUles Lukin Robinson, thè eldest, was omewhat slightly built, of llled- hUll height, of a retirin di position, and most ge'lltl('manly and ('ondpscencling in his lUanneI'. The second son, the Honorable' John Bt'yprley Hohinson, was a little above medium height, of splpn(lid physiqne; in his .nmugt'1' day he e'xcelled in athletics and was eOIH-:ide'rpd to he the 1I(,8t boxer in the city. lIe was most energetic and aggres iYe, and rather hrn qn(' in hi manner. In addi- tion to lUl\-ing been Lieutenant-Goçeruor of Ontario hp oc('upieò many other important positions. Th.. third Hon, :Mr. Christopher Rohinson, was an ahh' law;\"pr, tall, lightly huilt, with ompwhat sloping shoulder , aJ'i!';to('l'atk-Iooking and dig-nifi('d, ahn.YA kiud and ('on id('rat(', awl had a lllo t ehal'm- 77 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS ing manner. His voice was rather high- pitched, but melodious. On the south side, between Jarvis and Church Streets, were a numher of buildings, mostly all of wood, with the exception of a small roughcast building, the dwelling of . :Mr. Thomas Bell, a land agent, who was very well-known in the city and was the father-in-law of l\Ir. Thomas H. Lee. Between Church and Victoria Streets was the two-storey double brick residence of l\lr. Angus Bethune, brother of Bishop Bethune, which building is still standing, and follow- ing that the cottage of 'Villiam Andrews, the clerk of St. James' Cathedral. The buildings between Y onge and Bay Streets were small ones and nearl:Y' all of wood. Between Bay and York Streets, a little west of Sheppard Street, was Gouinlock's School, which I attended for a short time. Amongst others I had as fellow pupils l\Iessrs. Wi1- Ham ThOlupson and John Burns, whole!'!ale merchants, whose store was on Front Street. There was also the long two- torey rough- cast residence of Daniel Brooke, whose sons George and Daniel were proll1inent lawyers in their day. I have not a very clear recol- lection of the character of the buildings between York and Peter Rtreets, at which Jatter thoroughfare Riehmond Street ends. 78 OF TOROXTO OF OLD CHAPTER XI. FREDERlClf A}{Ð GEORGE STREET '3. FREDERICK STREET. THE onl ' huilding- of any ÍInportance on this str et wal-; the office of the Canada COIn- pany on the east sidp hetwepn Front and King treets. In the forties and fifties )11'. Frederick "ïddcr was Commissioner of the COlllpall ' hpre and thp Honorablp Donald )lcDonald the A istant Commi sioner. )lrs. 'Yïùdel' was a very fa bionahle lady and was noted for her lavish entertainment:o: at "T .vndhllrst," hl'1' residence on Front Street, west of 8padina .\'"Plllle. One of thp derks of the rompany ,yas )[r. .John )1. \. Cameron, father .of the Honorable )1. r. Cameron (a ycry pleasant old gentleman), and he as well aH the ITonorable Donald )IclJonalù useù to <'Ollie to the ro t Office for the COlnpany's lptters wbile I was a clerk there. GEORGE TREET. On the west side of ftcorg p Street therp were f'v('ral buildings between King and 79 RECOLLECTIO S .A D RECORDS Duke S h'eets, one of whith was the office of the British All1erica Åssurance Company, and another the residence of lr. T. ",Y. Birchall, the manager. THE GEORGE STREET )IETHOBIRT CHAPEL. As this was one of the oldest )lethodist ('hur('hes of the city, I h.H'p thought it deRir- able to give a somewhat extenc1erl account of its history and membership. This church was on the east side north of Duke Street and was dedicated on July 14th, 1832, hy the Re\T. John Hick, a missionary fl'Olll England. It was a frame buil(1ing measuring about thirty by sixty fept, weather-boarded, with an inclined roof like an English schoolhouse, the f,able of which pointed to the west. (The church building was afterwards nsed as an Orange Hall and sub=:equently divided and luade into two huildings.) It is interesting to note that Sir John (1 0 1hol'ne, the Gover- nor of Cpper ranada, suhscribed :f10 (or $40) towards the pnr hase of the lot. The late Senator )Iacdonald, who was a wor- shipper and memher and sometime secrptary of the Sunday school of the ('hurch, has fur- nished sonl(> \yery interesting information ('ontained in the history of " The lethodist rhu1'che8 of Toronto," by the late lr. 80 OF TORO TO OF OLD Thomas Champion, fronl which I Blake some C'xtracts. In 1833 the British -nTesleyan and Cana- dian \Yesl('yan 3Iethodists united in onp hody, and tlIP prPH('hers frequently altC'r- natpd hetween the Adelaide and Gporge Street Churches for sonle foul' ypars. ThC' Reys. Ingram Sutc]iffp, Thomas Tnrnpr, EgC'rton Ryerson, l\Iatthew J ang, .John (\ Davidson amI .Joseph Atinson succeeding in their turn. Rpgarding Jllost of thpsp minis- t('l'S l\[r. 3Iacdonahl spC'aks in glowin tpl'BlS, hnt T mnst only g'ivp a fC'w pxtracts. Rppaking' of Dr. Rtinson, who was Super Ø intendent of :Missioll!,; for many years an(l Prpsirlent of thp ronfpl.pß('P in 1R3!}--tO and again from 1 :>8 to 18G1, hp sa 's: " His min- ish'y in (jporg"p Atl'('pt and his eloqupnrp arC' still spokpn of with warmth and PYlel'ø gptic apPI'oval hyoId citizens who onrp wOl'shipppcl thpre. " Bpforc thp end of 1837 the Oporgp Rtreet Church was ('losed and nIP mpm 1.pI'S nnitpfl with thp c01\grpgation worshipping in thp .A(lplaidp Rh'ppt Chny'rh. Thp Oporgp Sh'ppt hnildin was then I'pntpd to thp Zion (1hnrrh Congrpgational hody nIHlpJ. tliP ministry of the Rpv. .John Roaf. " \fh>r thp stirring eypnts of thp 3f:wkpn- zip riots of t R37. spriol1s òi agl'P(,JIIPnt 6 81 RECULLE('TIO S A D RECOR])S prang up between the British '\Yesleyan and the Canadian '\Yesleyan adherents in l'espect to luatters of public policy, and all pfforts to adjust these differenees havin fai1ed the rnion of 1833 was dissolved, and in July, 1840, a largp nlunber of tlw official and ordinary nwmhership of the church and congregation separated and reopened the old George Street Church for servkp as a British 'Yesleyan church in conne(,tion with the Engli h Conference, the Congregational- ists having meanwhHe vaeated th\ huilding and erected their lWW edifie(> on the north- east corner of Bay and Adelaiflp treets, Amongst the famHies in this removal wert' )11'. "Talker, a lllerchant tailor; )Ir. Hamil- ton, thp painter and paper-hanger; )lessrs. Stor111 and "T oodswol'th, both carpenters; )11'. ßaxtN', father of the late alderlllan; )11'. Bowes, aftprwards .Ma ror of the city; R. Score, tailor; 311'. Bilton, who carrh>d on the saIne business; the O hornes and )lillers; :\lr. Parry, tailor; )11'. 'YilliaIllS, cabinet- maker; )11'. ....\.rm:-;trong, stOYp merchant; l\lr. Hodgins (IIoclgson '?), schoolmaster; 1\11'. Stewart, dr ' goods dealer; the Clarksons, Bami1tons, Buns, 'Yatsons, Good , Perkln , I(l'(H1 .du;, and :\lr. retch, who huilt not onl r .\.dplaidp Rtl'pet Churl'h hut the old house of wOl'slÚp on King Strept a well; 311'. Clarke, 82 OF TOROXTO OF OLD the hatter, whose testamentary bequest orig- inated the building of the' Old Richmond' ('hurdl. Rev. latthew Richey, D.D, (father of the px-no,-et'nor of S ova Sèotia), and Rev, Joseph RtiuHon, D,D., were the joint pastors of the rporganized British 'Yeslpyan congl'Pga tion. Th I-oet:eding memhers w('r(' fort r in Hum1...'r and were u ually called th(' , forty thien's.' ,. Preaching s('rvices and abbath schools were at on e established at Y orkville and QlH'pn Rtrect "rest, and mall red brick chapels, cottage-roofed, were Imilt in 1840- 1841 at a cost of aùout 2,400 each. ( \ brandl Hehool was formed frOln the George Rtrept SdlOOl at tlH ("orner of Duke antI ßpI"ke]('.y Hh'('pts, of whieh 31r. IIpnry Parrr was SUlwrintendpllt.) TIle Up\". .John G. l\lan]y oe u}Jh'd the pulpit in 1841. lIe was til1 living (1897 I after a remarkable career of liO lesR than ixty-threp yeat's spl'nt in tIll' 111illistrr and sixty-nine spent in actual la1IoI", and now resides in his old age amid tlU-' tI'('p-dot hp(l hins of Oe('r Park. [:\lr. 3Ianly died at Toronto on DCf'emher nd, ] !)() , at the ng" of nÍlwty-four ,,-earKJ Thp Rp\". .John P. Ilpthprillgton was his succes- sor in th(' pulpit. IIi oftkial obituary Rays: 'Ifp was a Ulan of J!l'pat def'ÎsÎ\'p ehararter. whilt. h,. was nnhl1'all ' mot1('st and retiring; 83 RErOLLECTlO S A D RECORDS he was firnl of purpose, tenderness of feeling and kindness of manner rendering his atten- tions peculiarly accpptable in cases of sick- ness and distress; in social convprse he was hoth winning and instructive and his hear- ing render-pd religion lovely and alluring. Few men had more friends than he. Hh style in lwpaehing was clear, concise and forcible; hi sernlons heing lively enforce- Illent of divine truth.' IIp died on the lGth January, 18Gl, in his sixty-spcond year." His daughter, )Irs. r. r. Taylor, i8 still liv- ing and in good health, and is a resident of Rosedale, Toronto. Amongst others )Ir. :l\Iacdonald refers to the Rev. John B. Selley, l\I.D., and the Rev. Dr. l\Iatthew Riehey, of whom he says: " The senior pl'eaf"hpr on thf' circuit was the Rpv. l\Iatthew (aftpl'wm'òs Dr.) Rirhpy. "Thpn it was dainwd that he was the most ( loquent preachpr in the city, thl' statement is oue which will not be questioned. lie wa an Irishman. IIe must h3YP been then about forty ypars of age; of fine person, voice so fuB, deep and musical that it might well be said to hp phpnOlllena1. Fa ultless as a reader, it was a rare treat to hear him read the \Vord of God; his pulpit pffort were lllarked by a solemIl and devotional spirit; his prayers were in tl'ikillg eontrast to the 84 OF TOROSTO OF OLD hasty, irreverent manner which character- izes the approaches of so many in our day to the Throne of Gracf>. Little wonder thtl t his nanle at that tiIlle would attract as nlany as the building would hold, and more:' References are also madp to the Hevs. 1Y. 1\1. IIal'yard, D.D., Robert Cooney, John Breùin and John Hunt. Further l'efel'encf' are made to the memhers " of the old Gporg-(' Street Chul'eh," whieh had .. a nohle army of local preachers, cla:S8 anù prayer leaders and earnest workerH, aillong WhOlll can be remembereù Richard "... oodsworth, Alexan- dpr Hamilton, .101m Rogers, Ch rles Ramm, anH]('1 haw, .Jonathan Dunn, James Price, Henry I.cadle)', Thomas Storm, .Joseph 'Yil on, 'Villiam Oshorne, Georgp and Thomas Bilton, .J ohn Ster1iug, Thomas Clarke, IIplll'Y Parry. .J. Purkis :' awl .Jolnl )Iacùonald (late SPllator) and many other . " Among other mPIH hprs of tll(' ehureh awl congregation WP]'P Thomas Clarkson. Hobert Hawke, 31r. and )Il's. Ephraim Butt, .James Butt awl thp Graingers:' )Ir. :Mac(lonald speaks very enthusiastic- a 1Iy regardiug" tIll' choir, whidl was led b.v a )[1'. Booth, and amollg-st thf' lIlpmhers .,f which was tlH' latp A\ Iderman Baxter. "Thpl'c were several violins, one or more 85 RECOLI.E(,TIO S A D RECORDS flute , a violoncello and other instruments; and there was no better singing in the city." Further on l\Ir. l\Iacdonald states: " N Otll- ing can give a better insight into the char- acter of these men than the position of )Ieth- odisl11 to-day. Sot in this city only, but in this Dominion, for while I do not desirè to take froln any other agency one hair's- breadth of what it may be entitled to claim in the beginnin , but thi developlllent, yet greater far than that of any other, was the power and influencE' that was exerted in the , Old George Street Church.' It was to the GeorO'e Street rhurdJ that every othpl' ð . church in the connexion looked. Its action determined thp action of the others; the best men in the body fille(l its pulpits and Ininis- tereel to its lwople. It was from George Street that tlw ("h11r("h removed to the Rich- mond Street Church, the '( 'athedral of )Iethodism; whieh, mort> than any church in its day, was the centre of reat evangel- istic gatherings." I found the following intpresting l'ecord in the n1Ïnut{'-hook of the committee of the Sunday school of thp church, called" The .J ournal of the Committee of the British ,y e leyan )Iethodist Sabbath School Society, Toronto'" :- 86 OF TOROXTO OF OLD " .At a llll'eting held on the 2:>th .T tlnuary, 1 -!1, amongst other re:-5ulutions it was resolved that thf' first anniversary TIleeting of the British 'Yesleyan :\Iethodist Sabbath School Sodety be held on Tuesday evening, the 9th Fehruary, in the <. 'ity Hall, if per- Inission could be obtained from the citJ? authorities, and that the Societ;\T and friends of the institution take tea together on that occasion, admission to which shall Le obtained by ticket at two and sixpence each. Tl'achers half priee." Thp following is a 80lnewhat alllusing account of tliP mepting, evidentl.v written in the ecretary's hest st;\?le: " In pursuance of the foregoing resolution, the children of the (Jporge Street, Dllkt' Htl'Ppt, T..ot treet and YOl'kville schools, amouuting to ahout four hundred, asst'mhlpd in the Oeol'fW Strept Chapel at tweln' o'c1ol'k on Tuesday, the 9th Fphrllary, and aftpr receiving a very affec- tionate addrpsH froJll tlH President of the o('if't.'" (the UP\'o )11'. l{ idu'y) 1)1.0('('('(1e(1 to tliP City Hall, where al'rung"('ments had been uwdp fol' l'('galing them wi1h tea. ...\t six o"dock of the saUl(> t'yt'uing the llwmhers and friends of thp ociety asselllhl('cl in the same spacioHs apartnl nt and took tea together. 'rIte' hall was tastpfnlly fitt('c] up with the Lallners of the na tiolla 1 s()('h'tit's a lld 1)1'p. 87 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS sented a very pleasing appearance. The com- pany was the largest and most respectablp that had eyer assembled in Toronto on a similar occasion, the nunlber being aùout four hundred and fifty, amongst whonl were his ,y orship tlw l\Iayor (George l\Iunro, Esquire) and family. " After tea the company were entertained by the choir of George Street Chapel with a few beautiful and appropriate pieces of sacred lllu!':ic. The business of the anniver- sary meeting was then commenced, when ,, . B. Jarvis, Esquire, Sheriff of the Home District, wa:s requested and kindly consenterl to take the chair. "The chairman opened the meeting with a brief but very appropriate address in which he expressed the high gratification he had experiencpd in the former part of the day in witnessing so large an assemùlage of Sun- day school children, and assured the meet- ing that he woulù always feel pleasure in contributing to the support of so laudable and praiseworthy an institution as the Sab- bath school. As requested, the secretary of the Society presented the report of the com- 11littee, which hping read was received and adopted, after which several resolution'3 were proposed and very ably supported by the following gentlemen, viz., J. H. Hagarty, 88 OF TOROXTü OF OLD ES(l. [afterwards (ihief Justice], Alderman Dixon, - )lowat, E q. [afterwards Sir Oliver )[owat], Rev. )1. TIiche:v and )Ies8r . Hamilton, 08hol'ne and Bilton. " The office-bearers were then reappointed for the ensuing year. The business of thf\ meeting lwiug now hrought to a close, the choir struck up admirably the national anthem and the compan:,? dispersed, eyery person seemingly highly gratified with the lllallUpr in which the busines!'I had been condnctC'd. The sum realized was f-." 89 RECOLLECTIONS ...\ D RECORDS CHAPTER XII. 1VEST JIARKET SQUARE, JARrIS, TORONTO AND VICTORIA STREETS. 'YEST :MARKET SQU.\RE AND JARYIS* S'fREET. ON the east side of Iarket Square was a hotel kept by a Ir. Botsford and afterwards by George Platt. Between I{ing and Duke Streets there were three three-storey brick buildings, still standing; one of these was the office of the )lÏsses (1odd, which at the tiIlle was the only exchange office in Toronto. Another of the e houses was subsequently the resiùence of )Ir. James Beaty, the proprietor of the Leader. The Iarket occupied the space on the west side betwpen Front and I{ing Str('('ts. On the south-west corner of Richmond Street ,yas a brick building which was afterwards the confectiOlwry shop of John Nasmith. Then between N ewga te (now Adelaide) and Richmond Streets there was a wooden build- · Formerly New Street and subsequently Nelson Street. 90 OF TOROXTO OF OI.JD ing, the Home Distriet Grammar School, of which l\Ir. Crombie was the head master. :Kelson Street then ended at Queen Street. TORO TO STREET. Tbe only huilding on the ea!':t side that I can remeluùer was the rounty Jail, of which Ir. ,John Kidd was thp jailor, and to which position 011 hi death his on ,John I{idd su ('eedt>d. lie h.Hl a largf' family of son an line of rarlton Street a swamp, from which flowed a crepk which ran in a south-easterly direction into and through the eastern por- tion of the Normal School grounds, acI'O Church Street a little above the junction of Gould Street, then through )lr. Jarvis' pro- perty, who had danllued it to make a fi h pond, then through 1\10813 Park to the Ridont property hetween Duchess and Queen Strpets down to Front Street, a little east to Parliament Street, then through the pro- perty of )11'. Enoch Turner (now a portion of the Gas 'Yorks), and turning west- ward emptipd into the bay at the foot of Parlianlent Street. Another creek then ran across Y onge Street opposite 8hnter treet in a diagonal direction under the house on the south-east corner, across to Bond Street nnder the third house from the cornel' of Queen, then acrulS:S the southern portion of the )IcGill 94 \ '" ...."'" .1 E:-; E K ETC II U 'I. OF TORO TO OF OLD Square (now the )Ietropolitan Church grounds), then acro !'I Church Street under the second house above the cornel' of Queen, then acrO:s8 a field where Cooke's Church now stands, and continued in an easterly direction across thp ])1'o])('rty of )11'. . P. Jarvis into that of the lIon. 'Yilliam Allan, where it was joined hy the other creek above l'eferl'f'(] to. Somf'timf's we uHPd to catch e huh in this strealll. Th(l first building on the west side was tJlP Post Oftkp at the corner of Front Street (hefore (]p!,wl'ihpd). I do not I'emem bel' any others until we f'Ollle to the residence and auctioneer hop of )11'. P. C. ('apreol, and on thp eornl'r of King 8tl'(>et the ]ar p wholp- sale (]ry goods hou!'lc of )Iessl's. A. Lawrie:> and t 'ompnny. \t the south-west corner of \df']aidp Street was the tannery of l\Il'. J e sll I{et{'hulIl. )11'. I{ptchum, who was horn in pencel'town in the tate of ew York in ] 7R2, came to ('anada in 179U and went into partnership in tlw tanner.\' hU!'liness with an p]dpr hrotllPr on Y onge Street !'Ieyen or eight milPH from YOI'k, and ahout ] 12 hf' bought and assumed t11(> manag-euwnt of the tan- nf'ry, a suct:eð:-iion of "Hoden hnilding-s at the !'o;outh-west eorlwr of \de1aidp awl Y OIl.g'P tl'PptH, whi('h strptchp(l along thp south sidp of \d(>lai(]p Rtt'ppt near1.y O'-f'r to Bay 95 RECOLLErTIONS .A D RErORDS Strel't. He owned all the property bounded hy Queen, Adelaide, Y onge and Bay Streets, and opened up Temperance Street, on which he gaye a site for a Tenlperance Hall. He also gave several acres for a children's park in Yorkville, called the Jesse I{etchull1 Park, the site of thf' public school on Daven- pOl.t Road, called the Jesse IÜ,tehuln School. and set aside two acres on QUPf'n Street, a little west of Y onge Street-the site of the former I{IlOX rhurch, now occ-upied by the western part of the Robert Simpson block. In speaking of ::\Ir. Ketchum, the late Rev. Dr. John rarroll, a wpll-I\:nown )Iethodist minister, who when a boy was employed by him and did variouR kinds of work about the tannery, and who ealls )fr. Ketchum his "dear old hoss," tells us in his book, "l\Iy Boy Life," how ..Hr. Ketchum obtained so llluch property: " At the opening of the war of 1812-15 he was led to buy a tannery and several surrounding blocks of land in the town of York, at a sacrifice to the sellers, frOlH aliens retiring to the United States. This a ppI ips especially to the property of )11'. Van Zant. There was a great denland for horne-nlannfactnred Ipathf'l', for none was admitted from the Statf'!-:. Pric-es dur- ing the war were high and money was plen(y. Cash flowed in npon our hero, and 96 OF TORO:NTO OF OLD he had a chance to buy town lots and farms for a mere !';ong, which after a few years increa!';cd in value four, fiTe, ten, and at last one hundred times. A similar purchase was made in Buffalo, ew York, with the same results." Further on he says: " I do not think that )Ir. I{etchum eyer professed any very marked Christian experience, hut fl'OnI our earliest knowledge of him as a householder, his character was that of a Christian luan. He was never known otherwisf' than strictly moral and temperate. Indeed he was far in adyance of the yery best part of the com- luunity in a-voidanee of the drinking cus- toms of the day. He took no snuff, tobacco or drams; no manner of work did he, his on, 01' his daughter, his man-servant, his lnaid-seryant, his ox, his horses and mules, or the stranger that was within his gates, perform on the Sahbath. ...\ t first he kppt a lwW in the Episcopal Church, hut when the )[ethodists built a church in 1818 he was a frequent attendant and a teach(>r in the Sun- day chool, which was the first to be organ- ized. His home was always open to all the travelling ministers, who came and went in those days-the Iethodist itinerant among the rest. From an early day, family wor- hip was conducte(l twice in each twenty- 7 97 RECOLLECTIO:XS AKD RECORDS four hours, and everyone in his large house- hold was required to he prf'F:ent. "l\1rs. Ket- chlnn, howf'ver, was a Presb .t(>rian and her husband came to have proclivities that way hims(>1f." IIe also gives some very interest- ing accounts of 1r. Ketchum and of the hardships he underwent in his early life. " About 1820 the late Rev. James Harris, a young Presb Tterian minister from the north of Ireland, camp herf', and l\Ir. Ket- chum ga,Te hÍIll free quarters for nlany years, till at length 311'. HarriF: luarried 3Ir. I{etchuln's second daughter, when he was given a house as well as a housekeeper." 1:r. Ketchum paid freqnent visits to the Sunday schools of Toronto and was accus- tomed to give short addresses to the boys and girl . I remeluber a visit of his to the Richmond Street Sunday school somewhere about 1860, when he gave sonle very kind, fatherly words of counsel and encourage- men t, and amongst other things he strongly advised the girls never to marr." a man who smoked or chewed tobacco 01' drank liquor. )Ir. I{etchunl was a very strong temperance advocate. I was 'Ter v much impressed with his appearance and the energy with which he spoke and his humor. He was thf'n about eighty years of age, with silvery hair and a plain but pleasant face. He had all the Ð8 OF TOROXTO OF OLD appeHL'anCf> of heing a very hale and vig- orou old man. IIp was a most public-spirited citizen and gave freel y to all public enterprises in thf' ("ity and with lavish liberality to philan- thropic and religious ohjects. It was said that what be gave away in Toronto, Buffalo and other towns if f'stimatpd and valued would reach an enm'mou!'; !':UID. "In 1 8:>8 he crf'ated the .Jesse I{etchum Trust, for the hpnf'fit of the Sunday school teachers of tlw city of Toronto. Tlw trust consists of a 1'1'0- pprty on Y onge tl'eet (hetwef'n I{iug and \delaide treets, the former Bible and Tract Societiejõ:' hnilding- and the atljoining building to the north). tlIP annual rpntal of which is to he devoted to 'tlw purchase of uitahle gift hooks for the scholars frOlll time to timt:> attending tlw eyeral Sahhath s("hool in the eity of Toronto: Rp also erf'atpd a trust for thp henefit of the scholars attending the public whools of Toronto and one for the scholars attendinp: the Yorkyille pu hli(. ("ho()l, l'rertp(] on the land previously gl'anh-fl hy him (aho,'p reff'rrf'(l to). For tlw administration of all these trusts he named the Upper Canada Bible Soeipty and the rppt r Canadn Re1i ious Tract anò Rook oripty trustees. He also gavp to thesp two ocietie . jointl,'" a ya luable property to help 99 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS in carrying on their work." These provi- sions have been carried out to the present time, but the public schools have not made any claim upon this fund. In the report published in the Globe, January 10th, 1914, it appears that the value of the books dis- tributed anlOngst the various churches, mis- sions and hOllles amounted for the year 1913 to the large Slun of $5,700. :Ur. KetchuIll had two sons, Jesse and 1Yillhun, both of whom I kncw. 1Yilliam, who died at nlÎddle age, was a very fine-look- ing man and was elected a luem her of Par- liament. Jesse lived for a long time on his property at Orangeville. :\Ir. I{etchum con- tinued to reside hcre until his return to Buffalo in 1845, where he died on Septelnber 7th, 1867, in his eight '-sixth year. Between .Adelaide and Richmond Streets were the boot and shoe shops of John Tyner, Thomas "... ebb and ""'illiam Flock, and at the corner of Queen Street a large lot, at. the back of which was l\Iontgom- ery's tavern, already referred to. Oppositp ShuteI' Street was thf' extensive property, called" )Iacaulay Town," in which was the residence of Dr. )Iaf'anlay. Farther up and oppmdte Oerrard Street 1 here was a fine, attractive residence in the centre of a garden. It was here, sonlewhere 100 OF TORO TO OF OT..D about 1843, that I first saw tomatoes grow- ing! There was a ,cry fine grove of hard- wood trees opposite Carlton Street, on the sitp of the Bishop Strachan School, and where Judge )Iacaulay subsequently built a residenl:e. \Yhat is now Collf'ge Street was merely a narrow road through an avenlll' of trees extending to about the end of thp Quepn Street \Tenue. Farther on was a large residence called "Elmsley Villa," with extensive ground , the property of )[1'. )Iacaulay, and whidl late}" on was rented hy Lord Elgin as the (iovernnlCnt I-Iouse. Fur- ther north, on the ri e of gl.onnd north of St. JO!'oipph Stl'l'Pt. fOl'merl.y caII('{} "rlovl'l" Hill," stood the residence of Captain the flonorable John Elnlsley, where I often went up to play with his son, Sherwoo(l. Captain Elmsley in his younger days was a Jjputenant in the Royal avy, which he left in 183:!, but in 1837 he was appointed to the comma nl! of a Go,-erUlllent vessel in tlH' Hiver S1. Lawrl'nce. lIe sulJsequently spttled in Toronto, where he purchased a great deal of property, and later on COHl- nlanded the Sorcrci!Ju, one of th(' Lakp Ontario mail steamers. Sometime prior to this he had lwcn appointe(l to a seat in thf' eppf'r IT onse. fIe had been a taunch Pro- testant like his fathl-'l", tlH' f1hief .Tusticl', hut 101 RECOLLECTIOXS AXD RECORDS in 1834 became a couvert to the Homan Catholic Church. He was a Inan of fine hearing and much enel'gy, going into any- thing he undertook with the greatest f-'nthu iasm. He was most genej'ous, chari- table and open-hearted. He had luuch per- sonal lllagnetism and was very popular. The Roman Catholic Church greatly bene- fited by his munificeut gifts and personal pfforts. )11"13. Elmsle;y was a daughter of the Honora hie }.., P. Sherwooù, another of whose daughters married Dr. King and the other the Honorable John Cra wford (after- ward Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario). )lrs. Elmsley and lrs. King were both very beautiful women, and lrs. Crawford was tall and of a very striking appearance. The three sons of Judge Sherwood were the Flon- orable Henry, Edward and Ranluel, and were all tall and very handsome men. TllP sons were all Protestants and the daughters Roman Catholics. 102 OF TORONTO Ol OLD CHAPTER XIV. BjY, YORI( _l)lD SIJICOE STREETS. B.\ Y STREET. Ox the east side, between Front and ,"Vel- Jillgton Htrt'( ts, were the ground!'! of the HOllOl"ahle nohert Baldwin aud \[r. Andrew )1 Pl'("pr. Betw{'en "Y l'llington and King- Rtre{'t8 stood a row of three-storey brick hnilding and a roughca t building on the nOl.th-PHst ('orner of -Melinda Strcpt. North from tIll' ("orner of I ing treet were a nun}- her of private dwellings and on the north- past corner of Adelaide Street the Congrega- tional ('hurch, a wooden huilding, of whkh the Rev. .10hn Roaf was pm;;tor. On the west side hetween Front and \Yellillgton Streets were a numLel' of thref'- tor(>y brick (hn nings and north of "Yelling- ton Rtrep1 a row of two-storey hrick dwell- ings; then, )Ir. John Bo.rd'fo1 Commercial .\cauemy and the Primitiye )Iethodist Cha pel ( referred TO t'lsew hpre ) . On the north-west corner of King Street was the Bank of )Iontreal. and farther on the double In.iek residt'uce of MI'. ] [ugh Carfrae. Above 103 RECOLI..ECTION8 AND RECORDS this, some distance back from the street and approached by a circular roadway, was the building used for the services of the Catholic Apostolic Church and the residence of the Rev. George Ryerson, the pastor (who had been a :l\Iethodist minister). I t was sur- rounded by tasteful grounds wi th an orchard behind. )Ir. Ryerson was a very pleasant old gentleman; he was tlw brother of the Rev. Dr. Egerton and Rev . .John and 1Yilliarn Ryerson-all )lethodist ministers. Above this was the cabinpt factory and resi- dence of Elijah B. nilbert. Between Ade- laide and Queen Sh"eets were the brewery of Ir. Doel and a few other huildings. About 1851, and for a considerable time after, Bay Street was quite a fashionahle street, on which a number of Toronto's prominent citizens lived. YORK STREET. I do not remember any buildings on the east side between Front and \Yel1ington Streets excepting thosp which faced on Front and \Yellington Streets and between \Yellington and King Rtreets; on the cornpr of I(ing Street was the British Coffee Honse, kept hy )fidulPl I ('atjng and afteL'wards hy )11'8. Ellah. In one of 104 OF TORO TO OF OI..D the buildings between Richlllond and Queen Streets was a school kept by )Ir. Loscombe, which I attended for a short time. On the west side, near the corner of Front Street, wa thp re:-sidence of Captain James )1. Strachan, called "the Cottage," and at tht' south ("orner of I ing Street the carriage shop of Owen, :Miller and )Iills. Bptween Adelaide and Ri hmond Streets was a row of two-storey buildings, still tanding, which were then considered desir- able rf'sidcnces and whpre afterwards quite a number of Goyernment officials lived. Between Richmond and Queen Streets was the cottage of Dr. Reginald Hornby, a nlÎld- maunpred, pleasant litUp man, very deaf and generally in a state of ÏInpecuniosity, and who had a good deal of trouhle with tl1(' hailitfs, whom he sometimes outwitted. Immediately north of Dr. Hornb y's ot- tag-e was tIw two-storey brick house in which 'Yilliam Lyon )[aekenzie Ii\'ed in 183G-7, anù where he planned his ill-advised rehpl1ion and prepared the inflammatory and seditions articles which he puhlished in his paper, The Constitution. The story of the rebellion has been so often told that it will not be ne p sary for me to say anything l'('gm'ding it. I wdl rt'lIlelllh(>l' [l". '[ac- kenzie's rptUl'll to Toronto in :Marcb, 1849, 105 RECOLLECTIO:XS A:KD RErORDS when I saw hhn driving up Yonge Street in a carriage with his brother-in-law, l\Ir. )Iclntosh, and witnessed the turbulent scenes which took place, and now quote a few extracts fronl the report giyen in 1\11'. Robertson's " Landmarks of Toronto," which are more in detail than I could give them: "Rulllor had flown around during the afternoon of Thursday, )Iul'ch 2, that therf' would be trouble in the evening. 3Iackenzie was in town. \\ïth the coming of night dirty, ragged, intoxicated men awl boy began to assenlble, until several hundreds were gathered. They carried torche:s and in their midst were borne aloft effigies of )lackenzie, Attor.ne.r-General 'Yest and Solicitor-General 'Yest. Suddenly the mob sent up a shout of 'Fire ' and rushed to a point on Y onge Street not far frOJll thf' )IcIntosh house. The alarul was false, but it served the intended purpose and swelled the ranks of the rioters. Then the crowd, with all the confused babel of a nlOb, starts down Y onge Street. Turning eastward on Ii:ing Street, it marches past the old market building, wheels to the right, pa:sses by the doors of the police station, and, dire(.tillg its course along Front Street, stops at the resi- dences of the Attorney and Solicitor-Gen- 106 OF TOROXTO OF OLD erals " est, where it burns the effigies of these offif'ials before their windows. By midnight the whole crowd had a selllbled hefore John )IcIntosh's hon e. Yonge Street was full. The tal' barrel was set on end in the Uliddh of the roac1way and two 1l10rc harrt'ls placed hy it. Tht' dischargp of fire- arms hecame genpral; cries of 'Colonel )Ioodie ' were fiercely ejaculated, mingled with demands for )Iadwllzie's I'mrn>IH1pr. TllPll an athH"k was made Oil tilt:' house>; bricks, stoIles anù sticks wpre hurled at it; {'very pane of gla s in the windows broken; stOlWS wt'Ïg-hin six aud Hen>n pounds werp pnt ('ra hiug thron h, c'arrying glass and sash along. 'Yhisppr passed among the' ]padprs that if )Iackenzie coulù he got at lw wunIt1 qukkly bp (lispm,;e(l of. Tlw fonr po}i('pmpn :1 t hand wpre impotent. They a rrpst a la w tndent, but the rioters knock thp constables down and rescue their ('omrade. In thp front ranks of the crowd were Heveral aldprmen. llprvey Price, harrister, son of the (101111uissionN. of Crown JÆIH1s, was attacked, severc1y cut ahout the head, anù hnt for thf' intprfC'l'cu('P of onp of thp polin>llH:'n would have been killp(l. The fury of the mob inC"rcasing-, the constable stationed them- spln>s at Hw (1001' and {)r('ypnt('(l it from 1I1'C'akillg- in, "llilp thp ntmoHt lawlps ne s 107 RE( OLLECTIONS A D RECORDS prevailed at the front of the house, some of the rioter nlade their way to the rear through the gate and made a similar attack in that quarter with every kind of n1ÏssiIes at hand. Great stones were hurled through the windows of )11'. lontgoll1erJ's housp nearly opposite. At foul' o'clock in the lllorning the moh left the lcIntosh hou f' and went to the rf'Hidenc(> of Ir. Brown, of the Globe, where windows and blinds wer :-nnashed. Friday night another crowd gath- ered at Ir. )lackenzie's stopping-place, but two hundre(l special constables were on hand, reinforced hy Jllany private <'itizens in an attitude of defence, and sixty soldiers who had been brought down frOlll the har- racks. K othing was done beyond nois y demonstrations. aturday night anothpl" rabble gathpl"pd, but learning that the lcIn- tosh house would be protected by a strong force, no attenlpt was made to molest the inmates, the crowd contenting itself with breaking gas-lamps anù windows on Ray and Bond Streets and in sections of the city where there were no constables. After this no further display of violence was made against )Ir. lackenzie, and in 1850 he brought his family from New York to Toronto and took up his residence here, 108 OF TORO:XTO OF OLD where he continued to live until his death, August 28th, 1861." Ir. l\Iackenzie was elected as a member of the Legislative .\.ssembly of Canada for Hal- dimand in 1851, and represented that l'ounty for a number of years. 'Yhat a rpyulsion of opinion since 1837! I frequently met him at the PORt Office when he called for hi letters, and often noticed his broad and hi h forehead and the great sizf\ of his head, par- ticularly for so short a Ulan. IIis manner was very ahrupt and ÏIllpatient, and to Ine he had the look of a disappointed man. RnICOE STREET. (Formerly Graves Street.) On the east side hetwf\en Front auil 'Yel- Iington Streets were the grounds of the Bishop of Toronto, and on the north-east cornel' the largt' tbl'ep and OIw-half storey resiùence of .Judge Hagprman, wberf\ after- wards the I-Ionorahlp John Crawforù lived anù whkh latpr on hecame the office of the Pnblie 'Yorks Departllwnt of Ontario. TllP grounds of the Parliament Buildings were on the west side between Front and 1Yel- lington Strpets and the Oovernment House property hehn>pJl 1YeIJington and King Streets. There were eYeral private ref'i- 109 HECOLLECTIONS .AND RECORDS dences on both sides of the street between King and Queen Streets, and above Queen a few more. Farther up, and following the line of Sim oe Rtr et a little south-east of CaeI' Howell, was the pl'ivate burying-ground of the Powell family, whieh contained a vault and a number of tonlhstones, and was surrounded by a high brick wall. JOHN STREET. On John Street were several private resi- dence , and at the head of the street, sur- rounded by spacious grounds, on Grange Road (still standing), the well-known hand- some two-storf'.'T house called" The Grange," recently the residence of Professor Goldwin Rmità and left b." him to tht' dty to he used aR an art museUlll. This building was erected in 1820 by l\lr. D'Al.CY Boulton and is a fine peciIuen of the early hrick resi- dences in Toronto. On thf' death of )11'. Boulton, his widow continued to reside there with her son, Ir. 'YiIIiam Henry Boulton, who was a member of Parliament and nlayor of the city fl'mll 1843 to 1847 and in 1858. He subsequently lllarrietl a )Iiss Dixon, of BORton, a wealth.'- lady, who after his death married Professor Holdwin Smith. The Grange; the "Palace " of Bishop 110 OF TOROXTO OF OI.JD Strachan; )108s Park, the residence of the Honorable 'Yilliam Allan; Beyerley IIouse, thp re idence of Chief Justice Robinson; and Holland House, thf' l"esiden('e of the Honorable H. J. Boulton, were the fiye prin- cipal residences in the city at the time and for numy years aftf'r. PETER STREET. On Pet< r Stref't, on thf' west side south of King treet, were ollle large and imposing residences; further up, north of Adelai(le Street, that of Judge the Honorable Archi- bald )I('Lean; and opposite Hif'hmoll(l Strf'et, and sonle distalH'e ha('k, the attrae- th-e residence of )11'. Hoh('rt Stanton, Q1wen's I)rinter. 111 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS CHAPTER XV. THE ISLA_ TD. THE Island was then a peninsula streteh- ing frOlll the line of the Queen's " harf to the end of Ashbrid e's Bay, a distance of about nine miles. The only buildings on the Island were the lighthouse, the lighthouse- keeper's house, a fisherman's house, and a hotel kept by Louis Privat, a little west of the present eastern en trance to the harbor. This hotel was one of the principal plaees of resort near the city. It was a square three- stùrey wooden bui1ding with excellent acconlmodation and meals and all kinds of liquid refreshments. There were a menag- erie, swings, bowling alleys, and other amuseluents which added to the attraction of the place. In 18;)8 a succession of eastern storms, together with the high water, made such inroads into thf' bay that it washed away the foundation of the house and wrecked the building. This, 3fr. )[atthew O'Connor, who kept a diary, tells me was on the 15th Apri1. There was quite an eleva- tion on the Island a little east of Blockhouse 112 OF TOROXTO OF OLD Bay, which was considerably lowered by the reluoval of sand in the winter for building purposes, and where there was a grove of pine trees. On SOllie portion strawberries grew in profusion. It was then a great resort for game, prÎIwipally wild duck, snipe and plover, and annually, between the twenty-first and twenty-fourth of ray, it was visited by large flocks of hlackheart plover, which remained there for a few days on their migration to thp north. These bird ,,"ere considered great dainties. THE BAY. The bay being nearly landlocked, once it wa frozen on r the ice did not usually break lip until late in )[arch, and consequently i1 was a safe and glorious place for ice-hoat- ing and skating when the ice was not too rough. After the ice formed there was a long fissure (in some place!4 quite wide) ('auspd by the current of the Don, all the way from the river's mouth to the Qupen's " harf. One could start frmn thp top of Bloekhouse Bay and Hkate the whole way to the eastern pnfl of Ashbridge's Bay, a distance of between five and six miles. _\shbridge's Bay was accessihle hy hoats throng-h spveral ehanTw]s. \s th(,l'e WPI'P no skatin -rillks 8 113 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS until 1851, when the l\Iayor, l\Ir. John G. Bowes, had a temporary rink built south of Peter Street, the curlers had spaces kept clear of snow for their rinks between the wharves. Amongst the lllOf't graceful skat- ers and f'xpert cutters of figures on the bay were )Iessrs. F. ,Yo Barron, Principal of the Cpper Canada .college, and J. R. A\rmstrong, Junior. The only ferry to the Island was a hor:se- boat, propelled b T paddles whieh revoh-ed by means of a treadmill operated by one 01. two horses and which took about half an hour to cross the bay. Pike, bass, perch, sunfish, and oeea:sionally a Inaskinonge, were caught off the whal'yes and were quite plentiful in Ashbridgp's Bay and the Rh-er DOll. As far as I can remember, there were no sewers to the bay and tht' water wa:s unpolluted and used for drinking. 114 OF TORO TO OF OLD CHAPTER XYI. THE DU"). RITTER. TIIEUE were then two mouths to the Uiver Don, one a little south of the present one. The riYer Wa o yery serpentine that on would have to go ahout three miles to oue in a straight line. There were long stretche of Illl'adow land hptwl'en the windings of the riyer, awl a good deal of marsh. This, a weB a the Hlar h hetween the harbor anti ..Ashh]'idg- 's . Bay, was a great place for muskl'ats, and nUlllhel' were trapped. (Þn tl1(' ea tern hank, as far up a auout tlw 1illP of Oerrard Sh'eet, was the distil1pr." of \Yil1iaIu ...\rthul' , and farther on thp Seadding farm. In the vicinity of the upper part of thc Don therc wert.' sPvPl'al good trout stream . The ne,'. .John Doel, who dipù in ltJUtJ at thp age of ninet y-three years, ow.c told me that in his boyhood day :sea salmon were om('timps caught in thp rivcr. 'rhpl'p was also very p;ood partridgc hootillg in this vidnity. \Lo'Yc thc prescnt \Yiut.'hcster Rh'c(>t hridgp thp wholt- of t hp ,'allp)" was rf'a lIy 115 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORD a scene of beauty. In many places the river banks were lined with willows festooned with wild grapevines. There were many stately elms, some of which relllain, and wild plum and butter-nut trees, and wild gooseberry and currant bushes were abund- ant. The surrounding hills were thickJy wooded with a variety of trees. Nlunerous birds wel'f' its denizens, nlany of which we now seldOlll see in the vicinity of the city, such as the lllagniflcent plumed high-holders and other kinds of woodpeckers, the thrush, bluejay, bluebird, kingfisher, blackbird, the scarlet tanager, and what we call the wild canar T, the meadow lark, oriole and others. All of these birds excepting the kingfisher could be seen even in Allan's Bush. To have such a beauty :spot within easy distance of the city was SOIllf' eonlpen- sation for the absencf' of the many advan- tages which we now possess and of which, of course, we then had no cOlll:eption. \Vhat 3 contJ-ast with the prcsl'nt condi- tion of the Don valley! Railway tracks and sidings filled with cars; piles of hnnber; brickyards; clouds of snloke from the fur- naces and locomotives; the noise of the mov- ing trains; the tooting of the whistles and the ringing of the bells where all was silent, save the tinkling of the (.owhell and the low- 116 OF TORO TO OF OI.D ing' of th(' tattle. But, as in thousands of oth('l' case , the beautiful and attractiy(' has had to give way to utility and the march of progress. Yet something of the beauty is left-nlOst of the trees on the wef';tern hill- slopes and thp entrance to the ravines still remain, giving some idea of what this por- tion of the DOll waS in the years gone by. It is cause for much satisfaction that so much of thf' beauty of the IIulnber yalley is to be preserved in pel'pptnity for our citi- zens. How few cities thel'(, are on this continent with :-;neh heautiful pnyiron as Toronto--the numerous rayines; the valleys of the IIumbl 1 r and Don; IIoward Park; and farther away tlw <-'['edit ,-alley; the Scar- boro heights; the hpig'hts to the north of the eity; the Island, capable of Inllf"h further hpautification; and where is there another dty with so many otllPr attra('tivp rp Ol'tH TWiU' at hand, aeC'f'ssiblp both by rail and yesspl? RO:-;EDALE H.-\.\ïXE. In tho:sc tlay , and for somp timp aftpl', thpre was a millpond sOlllething le s than a ql1Hrtpr of a nlil(' long in the first RO:-,t 1 - dale rayine, t'nding about the lhw of thp Hherhol1l'np Rtl'eet hri(lgp. It was eallpd Bloor's 3Iillpond, .Tospph Bloor's mill being 117 RECOLJ E(;TION A D RECORDS situated at its eastern end. This pond was supplied by a creek eOlning across from Y onge Street which, aftpr runuing tll1'ough the Ro edale ravine, emptied into thf' Don. Thi was a gloriou bathing-place for the boys, because of its sedusion and thp water heing llmch warUler than that of the bay. I have often greatly enjoyed a swiIn in it. There were, however, sonle stUl11p (thf' jagged tops of whieh were a few inches below the surface of the water), of which we had to heware. The banks were wooded down to the margin of the pond. "Tith the f'xception of "Rosedaie," the residpnce of Sheriff Jarvis, thp whole of what i now Ro edale was thir kly wooded. ollle of the magnificent elms and nmples still remain, giving some idea of what the woods were. 1y recollection is that there was a thick grove of lofty pines on the hill to the north of the milJpond. The present hardwuod trees there are, I believe, the second growth. There was a blockhouse on the north sidp of Bloor Strert, nearl:,' opposite the end of Parlianlent treet. This blockhouse was taken down ometime about forty yrars since and a brick dwelling erected in its place. 118 OF TOROXTO OF OLD CHAPTER XVII. RELluluùS fiND PfTHLle IXSTITU- '1'IO T8. THI CHURCHES. THERE were eight churches in the city in 1839-St. J anws' Cathedral, the Presby- tf'rian Church at thc ('orner of Adelaide and (,hurd. Stl'Cf't, the Congregational (jhurch (a wooden building) on the north-ea:-;t cor- nf'r of Richmonù and Bay tr(>ets, the Primitive )Iethodist Church on the west id(' of Bay Rtrept one door south of King, the Roman ('atholic (,hurch on Power Street, thc lmilding used for the Cat.holic .A po:-;tolic Church 011 Bay Street, the British 'YPSlf').lll )Iethodis1 ('hurch on George Stref't nearly oppo it(' Hichmond Street, and th<, Bapti t Church 011 :March Atreet. X onp of the e now rcmain. THE B.\XK . Tlu're w('r<, fonr banks-the Uank of Ppper ('alltHla on the north-past corner of nuke and nf'or (' Rtl'f'f't . thf' Balik ()f Brit- 119 RECOLI ECTIONS A:KD RECORDS ish North America on the south-east corner of King and Frederick Streets (still stand- ing), the Commercial Bank on King Street .(afterwards the store of Angus Dallas and later on the Globe office), about where Dun- ning's Hotel is situated, and the Bank of l\1ontreal on the north-west corner of King and Bay Streets. THE HOSPITAL. The General and only hospital was situ- ated near John Street and faced King Htreet in a l)loek bounded by King, Ade- laide, John and Peter treet8 (now cov- ered with buildings). I remember, in 1849, seeing a great numLer of Irish immigl'ants- who were ill with what was called the" emi- grant fever," somewhat like the cholera, and which was very fatal-lying on beds or stretchers in rows of heds, open at th... sides, occupying almost the whole of the vacant land-a most pitiable sight! THE "TATER AND GAS SUPPLY. There were no water-works until about 1843, when they were established by Ir. Albert Furniss of l\1ontreal. In mUlSt of the yards there were wells or pumps, and rain- water was collected in underground tanks 120 OF TORO TO OF OT./D 01' in barrels; thiH was often frozen in the winter, when it was customary to TIJelt snow aR a subHtitute. As wood was the only fuel used for donwstic purposes, excepting in a few instances, until 18j4, the rainwater was quite satisfa(.tory for washing purposes. "Yhen peoplf' ran short of water it had to be carted up from the bay in ùarr( ls. The trenchf'R for the gas supply were being dug in 1841, and gas was first sup- plied on Deeemlwr 19th of that year. As coal oil was not discovered until about a quarter of a l:entul'Y later and the price of gas was alllloRt prohihitory, tallow candles W(,I'C in g'elwral use for lighting. People had molds and made their own candles-I have made thenl myself. They were sold by the I'ouud hy the grocer and chandler, sonle six to th" pound and some nine. It was also a ('mUllion thing for people to make their own Hoa}>, utilizing thp wood ashes. The soap and candle manufacturers llsed to send around to the residences for grease, for wllÎeh thpy f'xclmnged candl('s or soap. COST OF LrvrxG. In the fortips $300 a year was considered a v('ry good alal'.r. Bricklayers were paid about :jþ1.2;) to 1.50 per day, carpenters $1.00 121 RECOLLECTIO R .AXD RErORDS to $1.25, and laborers 75c. As to expendi- ÍlIres, the rental of a fairly good house was from $100 to $123 per annun1. The retail price of beef, 5c. to 7c. a pound; mutton, 5c.; pork, 5c. to 7 c.; butter, 10c.; egg , 10c. a dozen; apples, $1.00 to $1.50 per barrel; gOQ(l beech and maple wood, $2.25 to $2.50 a cord; ehiekens, 25e. a pair, and turkeys 50c. to 75c. each; whisker, 25c. a gallon! The rates charged by the first-class hotels for travellers wpre $1.00 per da y and for regu- lar boarders $3.00 per week. Taking into eonsidf'ra tiOll the differf'nce in the prices of the necessaries of life and rpnt, the purchas- ing power of salaries and wages was then quite equal to the purehasing powpr of thp larger salarips and wages paid to-day. THE STREETS. The streets were wreh.hedly paved, or not at an, and were generally in a very bad con- dition. An the sidewalks were of wood and in the prindpal strpets Wf're from eight to ten feet in width, the planks being laid crosswise, and on many of the private streets not mo}"p than four planks (four feet) in width, laid lengthwise. Thp nails freqlwntly hpcamp loosp, causing the ends to 122 OF TOnOXTO OF OLD tilt, making it Aomcwhat risky for petle:s- 11'ians. Thp e sidpwalks had to he fr( qllently renewed. THE FIRE PROTECTIOX. In casc of fires, whith wpre of frequent ()("currence, all the water had to be carted up in barrels frolll the Lay. Five ùollars wa paid to the cartcr first delivering water and two donal's to the next. Some of the carters kept fillcd harrels in their yards, which were co,-el'ed oyer with canvas to pre- ycnt the water frOlll being spi1t in transit, o as to he rewly to be early at a fire and pt thc prolllisl-d rpward. This sometime (.awseù ontlid hetween the competitors, and in the hm;te to delh-er a good deal of the water was spilt. The Fire Brigad con- ish'd of pveral fire engine and hook-and- ladder companies, the officcrs being a cap- tain, fir t lieutenant, sccond licutenant, seC'- }"etary awl treasurPl\ The firemen and offi- ('crs, sonlC of whom were our principal citi- zens, wel-e not paid for their bervices. They wpre, however, pxempt from f;erving on jurips awl from military service, except in case of actual war. In 1937 the fire engine compan.v numhel'cd sen-nty and the huok- and-ladder sixty IlIPlllbel' . 123 nErOI.LECTIO S AXD RECOHDR In 18R9 there werf> only foul' policemen and in 1850 only eight, oyer WhOlll there was a chief constable, l\1r. Gf>orge L. Allan, after- wards jailer. Therc was a town crier or bell ringer, whose principal duty seemed to be to call out the names and give a description of lost children and animals. 'Yeak-minded but harmless people, who are now confined in institutions, were allowed to wand r through the streets, there being no proyision made for their care. Amongst these were some well-known characters-one who cal1( d him- self Sir John Smith, a paralytic, who con- sidered himself a poet and who wheeled him- self about in a little carriage; and another, Captain Fitzgerald, an old army officer, who was a('customed to stand in the street and go through his luilitary e,.olntions. This old gentlpman had the habit of using his walking-stick and presenting it as a muskpt., and also of giving passersby a dig in the ribs (sOlnetillles a pretty severe one) with his elbow. IIorses and ('ows were also allowed to roam at large through the streets and were only impounded when trespassing, but owners who allowed their pigs to run about the town were liable to a fine of ten shillings, and when impounded, if they were not claimed within three daJ's they were 124 OP TOROSTO OP OLD sold. Both pigs and geese often found their way into the gardens and lawn1S when the gates were left open. There werc only two or three cabs in 1840 and somewherc about a dozen in 18jO. The only public conveyance in the city in the forties and fifties was an omnihus which plied betwecn Toronto and Y orkville. THE CE IETEnIE::5 IX 1839-184:.:t There were no cemeteries outside of the ehureh grounds excepting the Potters' Field (the strangers' burying-ground) , on the north-west corner of Y onge and Bloor trcets, and a small burying-ground on IhH"hess, near PriIH eH Stn'C't. Thcse eeme- tprips were closed long ago, and no hurials have taken place in the church groull(ls for many y(>ars. It was ("uHtomary. as late a 1849, to send wl'itt(>n Ïln"itatiolls to })('I'H01)H whOH! the relatin's de ired to attC'nd thl' fllIll'rals. TnF. rRE ENT ('El\IETERIE . 'lw picturpsqlH' t. .J ames' Cpmptpry pro- perty was seeurefl lar ('ly throng-h the influ- ence of 311'. ThollJ3S D. IIarris, one of the churchwardens, who was a widp-awakt', zeal- ous and Pllthusiasti(' d11JlThman. Th.- ceme- 125 RECOLLEUTIO S .AXD RECORDR tery was consecrated and upened with con- siderable ceremony in 1844 by the Bishop and clergy, in which the choir of the St. J alues' Cathedra 1 (of which I was a Ulem- ber) took part. The menlbers of the ehoir wore surplices. I find that :12,365 burial have taken place in this cemetery up to th time of writing (Decenlber 4, 1913). The :K ecropolis was opened on l\lay 2:!, 1850, the board of trustees being the Honor- ble John :àlc::\1 urrich, 1essrs. Alexander ::\lcGIashen and John Shaw, and the Hecre- tary and treasurer, 31r. Samuel Spreull. The number of burials up to tlw present time haye been 32,192. The first interment in the lount Pleasant Cenleter.v was on 31arch 13th, 1876, ëlnd up to the IH'pscnt date there have been 31,327 burials. [OUllt IT ope, the Homan Catholic burying-ground on Y onge Street, was consecrated on ::\Iarch 27th, 1900, and the interments to the pres- ent date number 3,83G. St. John's, at the ""ooùbine, was opened in 1854, the bul'ials up to the present tÎlne being 7,237; in St. :à1ichael's, opened in 1855, 23,700. In Pros- pect Cemeter;y, openpd \lay 17, HmO, the interments to December 10, 1913, were 11,G55. This makes the total bnria1s in the ahoye cemeteries (since the upening of the St. 126 OF TOROSTO OF OI.D James', at which I was present, in 1844), 154,300, beside the burials in the Potters' Field and the St. Paul's Roman Catholic lmrying-ground on Power Street, up to the time of their elosing in 1850 and 18:55, rc pcctiYcly, and a 11'0 the burials in the Jewish cemetery. 127 RECOLLECTION8 _\. D RECORDS CHAPTER XVIII. 'llllE 1-111 l lT.{RY L-lYD POIJIT1CA1, CO-:{DITIONS. THE )!ILITARY. THERE were three regiments of the line*- the Thirty-second, Thirty-fourth and the Ninety-third Highlanders - in 'l'oronto hetween 1838 and 1843-only two of the regiments being stationed here at the sallle tÏIlle. One occupied tht" old fort and the other Osgoode Hall, the new garrison, wher<> our soldiers are at prespnt statiolled, not having been built. On 8unda:n the soldiers marched in the nlorning along King Street, headed by their bands, one regiment to St. James' Cathedral and the llighlanders to St. Andrew's Church. This was one of the even ts of the tinle. Tlwre was also a company of Lancers, the officers of whif'h were l\lajor Thomas :Uagrath and Captain James )lagrath, of · The soldiers at this time and for a few years after were armed with cumben ome muskets (which were, of course, muzzle-loaded), with flintlocks by which the powder placed in the pan was ignited. 128 OF TOROXTO OF OI..D Erindale, on the Credit. The )Iagraths were two :fine, stalwart, jolly Irishmen, whom e,-erybody knew. The Ensign was )Ir. C. "T. Heath, a very tall and remark- ably fine-looking .oung man. ()Ir. Heath died March 7, 1900, at the agp of eighty- six. ) I do not know how many there were in the company, but it was not very large. They wore very attractive nniforms and car- ried long lances, and as they rode through the streets, with their llorsp prancing and bugles blowing, they seeTHed a very gallant company and created considerable sensa- tion. They were especially admired by the ladies and boys, and many of the latter had small tin lances made and formed them- selves into little companies. The military officers organized a tandem club, of which a numlwr of the prominent dtizens were members, and there ""as, of course, much emulation to have the finest turnout. It was quite an animated scene when several scores of cuttprs and sleighs drawn by splcndid horses drove through the streets on a fine winter's day. THE POLITIC.\L .cOXDITIOX . The ..let uniting Upper and Lower Canada was pa e(l hy tht, British Parliament on 9 12!) RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS .J 11ly 28, 1840, and took effect on January 10, 1841, following which a general election took place. The Reform candidates for Toronto were thf' IIonorahle J. H. Dunn and Isaac Buchanan, and the Tory candidates the Honorable Henr;y Sherwood and George l\1unro. Party feeling ran yery high and the election wa a yery hotly contested one. Each party wore ('olors-the Tories red and blue and the Refornwrs yellow and green. There was open voting and the f'lection lasted a whole week Frf'P liquor was sup- plied at the headquarters of eath party, and it was not to be wondered at that street fights were of frequent occurrence. The campaign resulted in the election of l\fessrs. Dunn and Buchanan. At the close of the election the victorious party marched in procession through the streets, and near thp corner of Church and King Streets seyeral shots were fired at those who were 111arching, with the result that a young lllan was killed and a youth named Joseph Cathcart, a spectator, son of 311'. Robert Cathcart, merchant, was shot in the thigh. I remember seeing the body of the young man who was killed laid out in a house on "\Vellington Street, and frequently met Joseph Cathcart, whose younger brother was one of my companions, 130 OF TORO:NTO OF OLD walking through the streets on cl'utche . .A man named Kelley, a cabman, was tried for the lllurder of the young nlan, but was acquitted. On looking through my scra pbool I found therein a clipping taken from the D(lily Telegraph. February 28th, 1863. giving a detailed account of the yoting, with the names of a numher of the prominent citi- zens, all of whom I knew. The following is a copy of the article:- A REMINISCENCE OF '41. AN ELECTIOX OF THE OLD DAYS-TWENTy-oNE OF THF VOTERS OF '41 STILL LIVI G. Mr. Thomas Medcalf, of Adelaide Street, has in his possession a classified list of all the voters who voted in the election of this city, in 1841, between Dunn and Buchanan (" Reform, on the part of the Govern- ment and people") and Sherwood and Munro (" Con- servative, on the part of the Family Compact and corporation "). Very few of these voters are now alive. The first name on the list is that of F. C. Capreol, classified as an auctioneer, who still sur- vives. Among the others still living are: W. HelU- well, brewer, now of Highland Creek; James Lessl1e, bookseller. of Eglinton; Henry Bowsell (Rowsell?), bookE'eller; John Bugg, builder; John Harper, car- penter; Joseph Sheard. carpenter; Angus Dallas, cooper; Peter Paterson, Norway; G. Lesslie. chemist; Richard orthcote, grocer; Samuel Platt, tavern- 131 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS keeper; John Riddle, tailor; Richard Score. tailor; Jeremiah Iredale, tinplate worker; Adam Wilson, attorney and barrister; Clarke Gamble, attorney and barrister; John Argue, now Deputy Mayor; * Arthur Leppard (Lepper?), laborer; William Cayley; T. Met- calf. bailiff; W. A. Baldwin, retired; and John Maughan. retired. t The summary shows that 947 voters recorded their votes, and of these only twenty-one are now living. The voting of those days lasted a week. and the following is the summary of the polls: DUDD. Buchanan, Sherwood. Munro. Monday ..... . 40 40 62 62 Tuesday ..... . 71 70 71 71 Wednesday .. . 92 91 86 86 Thursday .... . 118 112 110 110 Friday ...... . 97 83 68 67 Saturday .... . 77 70 44 39 495 466 441 435 Dunn's majority-60 over lunro, 54 over Sherwood. Buchanan's majority-31 over Munro, 25 over Sher- wood. * He was called Deputy Mayor as a joke. He was an officious man and quite a character, and was never a member of the City Council. t All have passed away, the last being Mr. Clarke Gamble. who died in 1902 at the age of ninety-four years. 132 OF TORO:NTO OF OLD CHAPTER XIX. l\T!{GBTO),T. THE fo;{'at of government wa removed from Toronto to Kingston in 18-11. and in tIle lattpr part of the sunUller of that year our family removed there. On the hoat on which w(> took passage was the late Honor- ahle John 3lc)lurrich and hi!-t IH.id , who Wel'e on their wedding trip. The population of Kingston wa a littlp ov r six thou and. It was then a bustling, busy place. The coming of the Governuwnt created quite a boom in building operations, and a fine new Inarket and city hall were projech'd and rompleted a year or so after. Having the seat of government, which it was hoped would be permanently located here, anel lwing at the lwad of the Ridt>au Canal, thp only waterwa v hy whieh 'oods and pro- duce could then be shipped to and from :Uontreal and tIll' East, great hopes were entertaÏIH'd of its beeollling a large and important city, and with this expectation a numb{'r of Toronto n1Crchants established hrand}e tLf'Y"P. 133 RECOLI.JECTIONS AND RECORDS I was much impressed with the large num- ber of boats in the harbor. There were scores of barges, either being loaded or unloaded, and the numerous French-Cana- dian sailors or bargemen belonging to thenl ('reated quite an anÍlnated scene while they were engaged at their work. There were numerous tow-boats, a number of schooners and quite a few steamers in thc harbor. The appearancf' of the city was quite iUlpressive viewed from the water-front and from across the bay, the buildings standing out prominently owing to the rather steep rise of the land. It was an iInportant military post. The Twenty-third Regiment, the Royal 'Yelsh Fusiliers-I think the full regiment-and ome batteries of artillery were stationed there, in addition to the artillerymcn at the fort. Frequent reyiews, held near Barrie- field, across the bay, were a sourcc of much interest to the citizens. Thf' Twenty-third RegiInent had a yer,v largf' fife-and-drum band-I think nearly a hundred in number, it being a hobby of the eolonel's-and the nightly tattoos (sometimes by thf' whole hand) were great attractions. )IallY of the men of the Twenty-third were a rongh, drunken lot, and fights amongst thpUlspln's and with some of the rougher element in the 134 OF TOROXTO OF OLD city were frequent, o people avoided the vicinity of the harracks after tattoo, when the guards were :scarching for drunken men. Excepting from a distance, the appear- ance of Kingston always impressed lue as heing rather omhre, because of the num- erous place:s where the rock cropped up, the p:11Jcity of lawns and flower-gardens, and the dal'ki 1l grey color of the limestone of which many of the houses were built. It may wen bp caned the "I..inlf'stone City." Toronto got the limcstonf' for tht building of thf' jail, at the f'ast end of the city, frolll tllel'e. Kingston was certainly ubstalltial looking enongh. T]lt' British-.\nlerican Ilotf'l wa t]l{-' principal hostelry t11en, as it iH to-day. Locating the GO'"f'rnment at King ton was a vf'ry bad thing for that city, hecaus(> it f"I'eaÜ>tl hopl>s that wprp lw,yer l'paliZ( d and involvpcl t]w city and t]lP citizf'ns in a large f'xpcnditure in the cOll tructioll of a number of buildings, inelllding- tL(> fÌIw ('it.r hall and markf't, which were not ]u>p(]pcl. )[r. .John Countpr, haker, was 3layo1' of Kingston at this time, ancl it was largely, I think, t]n'ough his influence that the city hall was built. 'Y]Wll I \"i ited Kingston lllall v J'eal's aftt>I', [ lllpt )Tr. ('ounter at the J'p itlpn('f' of his son-in-law, and in rpfprring 1:33 RECOLI ErTIO:XS AND RECORDS to the city hall he said, with a good deal of complacenc v, " The people all say that was the hou:se that Jack built."_ After the removal of the Government to lontreal in 1843 and the opening of thp St. Lawrence canals, I(ingston l}peame a very dead place, and ha growll slowly cOlupared with most other Canadian cities down to the present time, but it is to be hoped that it will grow fa ter in the future. It has some important industries, two col- leges anù a military school. It is a good thing that the city is not only phJsically substantial, but has a number of substantial citizens, and amongst them sonle very enter- prising and up-to-date men. The :fir t Parliament was held in Kingston in June, 1841. 'Vhile I was there two of the Governors-General died. Sir Charles Pou- lett Thomson, afterwards I..ord 8,}Ydenham, spnt out as Governor in 1841, died froln the injuries sustained by being thrown frolll a horse. )11'. J. Ross Hobertson's "Land- marks of Toronto" contains the following reference to him: " Bever ley House (the residence of Chief Justice Robinson in Toronto) was tempor- arilJ the residence of Poulett Thomson, afterwards Lord Sydenham, who was Gover- nor-General of the Canadas in 1839-40. It 136 OF TOROXTO OF OT..D is said that he huilt the kitchen range con- nectpd with the house and that this was the indirpct caURe of getting the Union measure throngh the Upper Canada Parliament. Poulett Thonlson gave an insight into hiR manner of life in a letter written to a friend iu 1810 from l\[ontrpal, bnt which may be applied to hi life in Beverley IIouse as wpll. lIe aYR, ' 'York in my room till three o'cJoek amI J'Îde with illY aidp-dp-eamp till fÌ\'e; work again till dinlH'r; a1 .lÏuller till niup and work again until early next morn- ing-. Thh is my daily routine.' After estab- li hillg tlw rnion of Cpper and Lower Can- ada, Poulpìt Thomson was raised to the peerage with thp title of Baron Sydenhmu of ydl'nhanl in I(ent, and Toronto in Can- ada. ITe di..d in 1811 in I(ingston, through a fall fl.om hiR horse as }w was preparing to return to England." I I e wa burÎl'd in Kingston and had a very lal'g:p flllWral eortpge of military Inen and c.:itizPllH, who nHu.cJu'd to the hooming of minute-guns. The schools were closed to give tJw s...holars an opportunity to see the pro- ..pssioJl. ..\notllPl' funeral there which I ]"pmpmlJ('1' having a holiday to attpud was that of thf' TIpv. )[1'. Cartwright, who was a man llnÏ\.'r!.;aJly esteemed and I believe was tllP fa1h..]" of Rir Hichnrd (iartwright. 1; 7' RECOI,IJEnTIONS A:ND RErOllDS Lord S.nlpnham was succeeded by Sir Charles Ragot, who resigned on account of ill-health ill 1842, and died soon after. Dr. Rcadding, in his" Toronto of Old," gives a full dpscription of thp ceremonies connected with the laying of the corner-stone of the propospd Pniversity, near the head of Col- lege ...\. venue, Toronto, on ...\.pri1 231'<1, 1842, which was a very imposing affair, in which Sir Charles Bagot took part, and refers to him as follows: " The Chancellor above spoken of was the Governor-General of the da r, Sir Charles Bagot, a man of noble bearing and genial, pleasant aspect. He entered with all thp III ore spirit into the cerelllonie dest'ribed from being himself a gradllatp of one of the old universitil's. l\lml1orips of far-off Oxford and Christ Church would be sure to be arouspd mllidst the proceedings tha t ren- dered the 3rd April, 1842, so n1emorable amongst 11S. A brother of Sir Charles' was at the time Bishop of Oxford. In hi suite, as one of his secretaries, was Captain IIenr ' Bagot, of the Royal Navy, his own son. Pre- cpùing him in the procession, bearing a gilded mace, was an 'Esquire Bedell,' like the Chancellor a Christ Church man, )f l'. "Tilliam Cayley, subsequentl . a mernhpr of the Canadian Government." Canada seems 138 OF TORO TO OF OI..D to have been an unfortunate place for those bearing the name of " Sir rharlf>s:' In addi- tion to the deaths of Sir Charles Poulett Thomson and Sir Charles Bagot, Sir Charles rhichf'ster, colonel of one of the regiments, died in Toronto in 1848. The huilding for which the g'l"ound was broken and the foundation stone laid was not complf'ted, and was only uspd for a short time for the purposf' for which it was intended. J rememher it as a lunati(' asylum. Referring to this Dr. f:;eadding' says: "In 1S:5G its fortune was to he eOIl- verted into a fenlalp departInent for the overcrowded Provindal lunatic as .lum:. Sir rharles Bagot ,,'as succeeded by ir rharles :Metcalfe, who came to King-ston, pither lat< in )Iarch or in the heginning of April, apparently by way of tlw rnited Statf's, as hp was conveyed across the river from Long: Island to J{ingston On the ke (which was tht'll covered with slush I in a largf' open hoat phu'pd on runners, there being SOH)(' fpar that the jf'(' might break. lle \\ as aceornpauipd b ' his aide-de-camp and, I think, some of tlw lHl'lllhers of thp City Council. ...\s hi coming was expecte(l, T with ho.vj h ("llriosity went down to the lawliug" aud saw .him arrive. 139 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS 'Vhen the news of the birth of the Prince of 'Vales (King Edward), who was born "N o\'ember 9, 1841, reached Kingston, there was great rejoicing. There were fireworks and a general ill ulnination, and as there was no gas at the time the houses could only be illuminated by candles. The8e w re held in Iittl tin sockets, the brackeE supporting thenl, ha ring a sharp end, being inserted in the sashes of the windows, one being placed he fore each pane (the usual size of the panes heing seven by nine inches). In speaking afterwards of this il1tll11ination to an old lady in TOl"onto, she said: " Oh, that's noth- ing to what we had at the time' of the cor- onation of Queen Victoria (which was by candles). The lights were so brilliant that you could see to pick up a pin in the street." I think the eyesight of peoplp must have lwpn hetter in those days than at the present time. I remember seeing the laun hing of tlw stp311wr Cherokee (built as a man-of-war) in the little bay between Point Frederick and Fort Henry. She was quite a larg p vessel, I find of seven hundred tons burden. Some time ago I saw a statement in one of our papers that for the last one hundred years there had not only been no fortressps but also no war vessels built on either side 14:0 OF TOROXTO OF OLD of the lakes or houn, son of 1\11'. ...\ngus Bf'thnuf' and a Iwphew of Bishop Bpth lIue; Erastus 'Yiman, who heeame the financial reporÜ>r for the 10 145 RECOLLECTIONS _\ND RECORDS Globe newspaper, afterwards the well- known rnenlber of the firm of Dunn and ""'lruan, mercantilp agency, and subse- quently pl'Olllinent as an advocate of com- Hwrcia I union behn en ranada and the United States. He was a wonderfully enter- lwising, energetic and progressive man anù tlw promoter of Juany large undertakings, bni did not always di play wisdom in his lllf'thods. He died on Februar ' 9th, 1904, at the age of seventy years. )lannsell B. Jackson (prf'vionsly lllentioned); E. ,Yo Gardner, hrothel'-in-la"y of 1r. J. Ross Ruh- ertson ; John Dixon, Robert A. Harrison and James Tilt, afterwards a Q.C., and a nlemher of the firlu of )Ie srs. )Iulock, Crowther and Tilt, a verJ sound and safe lawyer. Robert _\. Harrison was a son of the clprk of the market. He was a 111an of grpat energy, indn h' - and ability, who rose to a hig-h po ition in the legal profession and became a Judge of one of the Superior Courts. lIe was the author of the Common I.aw Procedure Act and the )I unicipal )1annal. He, as well a all the other scholars nanled excepting l\launsell B. Jackson, have pa sed away. John Dixon had a good dea 1 of dry Irish humor, and, thongh a tronhlesome l)O ', was very kind-hearted. IT f' was a son of )Ir. 146 OF TORO TO OF OLD Alexander Dixon, one of our prominent merchants, a hrother of Canon Dixon of St. Catharinps and a cousin of Canon Dixon of Trinity (jhurch, Toronto. He was not suc- l"Ps fUI as a business man and married some- what late in life a lwautiful lady, who died not long after. Later on .John got" off," hut was taken hold of by the Ralvation ...\l'my, which he jOÍIwd, and suhsequently spent nlost of his time selling n (lr rrips. In any weather and at almost an v hour he could he seen at his work, shuffling along the st1"Pt't, and as hp had hecmile ver v lame be was really a pathetic figul'p. (In one of Hell-Smith's pictures of King Street he may hf' epn and recognizPf1.) One day whpn ('rossinA' ('hurch Stref't. near the corner of (jpl'l'al'd, he was run over hy a street car and killed. This was in ...\ })riI, 1903, and Iw was tIwn seventy-two -,"Pal'S of age. Poor.J ohn ! 11 e was a yery decent, kind, good-hearted fpllow, and I bpIieve a sincer( Chri tian. I l'annot hut f('pl thai to he taken away I'mddenly wa tIlt' best thing for him. 147 RECOLLECTIONS A:SD RECORDS CHAPTER XXI. THE PROGRESS OF THE CITY. TORONTO grew steadily but not rapidly until 1850, the increase until that tiIne being- about one thousand per annUl1l. The popu- lation in 1845 was 19,706; in 1850, 25,166; in 1851, 30,762; in 1852, 35,000, and in 1853, 40,000. After that date the growth was very slow for many years. About the middle of the forties quite a number of new buildings were erected. The Post Office was moved from the south-west corner of Yonge and Front Streets to 'YelJington Street (the present site of the Imperial Bank). The Bank of )Iontreal erected a new building on the old Post Office site, the architect being Ir. Kivas Tully. This building was replaced later on by the present handsome one. A new Customs House was built on the site of the present Customs House, of which the architect was l\Ir. John Tully, and a new Commercial Bank huilding was erected on 'Yellington Street, opposite Jor- dan Street, the main portion of which is still standing. The Bank of British :North 148 K'() ('II ntCII. "'hi('h stood 011 QUCCII Htreet, just west of ì ongc, until remll\ pJ to mak/' way fill' the new impson Buill1ing. OF TOROXTO OF OI D America erected a !Stone structure on the north-east corner of Yonge and "Tellington Streets, and the Richmond Street :àlethodist Ch urch (site of the present Book Room) was erected in 1844. I t had a very large gallery and a seating capacity for about two thousand. For many years nearly all of the large public religious gatherings were held there. The St. George's .church was opened in 1845. On the occasion a grand musical service was given in the church by the choir of St. James' Cathedral under the conduc- torship of DI". J. P. Clarke, at which I was one of the hoy singers. I remeulber that amongst the pieces was the "Hallelujah rhorus" from Beethoven's ":Mount of Olives," and the "For unto us" Chorus from" The )Iessiah." The old Knox Church building was destroyed by fire in 1847 and the new build- ing (which wa torn down some years ago to make room for the Simpson store) was erected in the same year. I t had a very handsome spire. The Rev. Dr. Robcrt Burns, the Iuinister at this time, wa a plain-looking, ShOI't, stout man with a con- sidt'rahle stoop. He was an earnest and devoted Christian and an able preachcr. TIll' TTnited Pre bytt'rian Church on the sonth-t'aHt cornN' of Richmond and Bay 149 RECOLLECTIO S AND RECORDS Streets (usually called (Jennings' Church), of which the Rev. Dr. John Jennings was pastor, was ereeted in 1843. The architect of this church, as well as Knox Church, was lr. "Tilliam Thomas. 'rhis building was also torn down a numùer of years since and the building of the Col lege of Physicians and Burgeons erect d on the site. I remem- ber one of the pinnacles at one of the corners of the church being blown down in a great storm, which occurred in the early sixties. 31r. Robertson, in his "Landmarks of Toronto," says that" the stone iY.. its flight downwards detached a piece of wood with a nail in it, which also fell, the nail piprdng- a Testament in one of the gallery pews and punctured the book through to the text, 3fatt. 7: 25, , And the winds hlpw, and beat upon that house; and it fe1J not; for it wa founded upon a rock.'" I was personally acquainted with Dr. Jen- nings, who was a very genial man and highly respected and popular, not only ùy his own congregation, but by the general public. His three sons were 1\11'. "Tilliam Jennings, one of the (:hief engineers of the Canadian Pacific Railway and our City Engineer; lr. Bernard .Jennings, a nlanager of the Imperial Hank, and :Mr. Hobert Jennings, nlanager of the Bank of Commerce, Paris, 150 OF TOROXTO OF OLD Ontario. )If> Hr . 'Yilliam and Bernard J ennings ha YC passcd a way. ST. 3IIcHAEL':-; CATHEDRAL. The excavation for thc foundation of the RUlllan Catholic Cathedral commenced on April 7th, 1845, and on this occasion an ox donated h,v Jmll('s " i('ksun, tlH' hutt'hl'r, wa l'uasted wholp on the western portion of the grounds near Bond treet. It touk two da) and a night to l'oast. It was not eatcn on thc Pl'clllises, hut a nlllllhpr of lu'ople cut off pieces of mcat and took thcm away with them. I went up occasionally tu watch the crowd of lllPll who werp digging ont the earth for thc foundation, and it was quitc an aniIuatcd sccnc. Thc work was dUllP voluntarily b ' tile adllerentH of the chur("h, and the ] [onm'ah]e ,Jolnl EhllSlc.'. seems to havc had char (' of thc wholc affair and workcd likc the rest with his ('oat off. 'llP earth ta1..en out was t'artt'd away to fill up the hollow on (lUf>ell treet, which had just been opened betw{>cn George and Sllel'hourllP Stl'eetR, through tile Ifolluraùlt' 'Yillialll Allan's pruperty. The Catlledral was built largely thruugh tllP putt'l.]H'isl', O\'PI'sight and Iiherality of Bishop PO\\"(,l' awl tile lion. .John Elmslt,y. 151 HECOLLECTION8 AND RECORDS lr )Iatthew O'Connor has furnished me with the following information regarùing the Bishop and the steps taken to build the church, which was a very great undertaking at the tillle, when the population of the city was under twenty thousanù. Referring to the Bishop, who I might :say was highly respected by all classes of thp citizens, both Protestant and Catholic, he sajd: "He was born October 17th, 1804, and was conse- crated Bishop at Laprairie in l\lay, 1842; arrivpd at Toronto, ,Jnne 29th, 1842, and died at Toronto October 1st, 1847. He bought with his own money for eighteen hundred pounds (currency, $7,200) the sit for the Cathedral and all the land from Shnter up to :McGill Street between Bond and Church Streets from the Honorable Peter :McGiIl. He was found 11luch fault with because he selecte(l the site for tile Cathedral (then a vegetable garden) 'out- side of the town.'" fr. 'Yilliam Thomas was the architect and the contractors were John Harper for masonry, brick work and car- penter work; Ishmael Iredale, tinsmith work; John Craig, painter (to whom lr. O'ronnor was then an apprpntice, and as h was the only Roman Catholic in Ir. Craig'R employ he afterwards gave him charge of the painting of the window sashes inside of 152 OF TOROXTO OF OLD the church). The orner-stone was laid by the Bishop on )Iay th, 1847, and the Cathedral dedicated eptember 29th, 1848. Only the lower part of the tower was built at this time. As I was always interested in new build- ings, I uscd to watch the progress made in the erectiun of the church. I remember whcn tlw f;pire was ere ted, al u the cross, whieh i fiftecn feet high, making the total height of the spire to the top of the cross two hundrpd and fifty feet. The height to the top of the vane of St. J ames' Cathedral spire is three hundred and six feet-said to be the highest in America. I have always considered that the tower of St. :Michael"s was too narrow for so large a building, heing only about twenty-five feet square, while that of t. James' Cathedral is fully thirty feet. )[1'. Harper strongly urgcd upon the al.chite t and building committee tù have it built wider, but owing mainly to the additional expense his proposition was not earripd out. ..As there were n01 sufficient funds left to carryon and CODI- plete the work, Captain Elmsley Inort- g'aged hh propcl'ty and gave a bond to the Bank of Upper Canada for forty- eight thousand pounds. )11". O'Connor sa rs that penny huilding cullections were 153 RECOLI.E(,TIO S 4-\XD RErOflDS taken up weekly in the church and that sometimes there were two and even three bucketfuls of pennies. The colonel of one of the regiments, Sir Charles Chichester, was buried in the tran- sept before the building was finished. I remember the funeral. Two reginlents of the line and the artillery furmed part of the procession, and the strepts were lined with soldiers all the way from St. Paul's Church on Power treet to the Cathedral. 154 OF TonO Tu OF OLD CH.\PTER XXII. TilE ORE_iT FINE OF 18HJ. Ox the morning of Saturday, .L\pril 7th, lRH), Toronto was yi iteadi1.v haye uepn extinguishpd had th( fire engines been powerful pnough, but the firp oon reached the building of the ehureh and it was compl('tpl.v destroyed. About the Rame time the fire broke out in the old City Hall, which was consulned. Anl(Hl tIi(> 1111l.np(] Imildin s was that of 1\[1'. Thomas D. Harris, who, considering it to be perfectly fireproof, all the windows -155 RECOLLErTIONS .AXD RErORDS being protected by iron shutters and the roof covered with tin, refused to have any of its contents removed. It was watched with great interest, but after the adjoining build- ings were partially consulued, so great was the heat that it had al o to succluub. .A very sad occurrence took place at this fire. )lr. Richard 'Yatson, publisher of The Upper Canada Gazette} with whom I was acquainted, went up to the top storey of the Patriot Offiee, at the corner of Xelson and King Streets, to save some type, when the floor gave way beneath and he was burned beyond recognition. 156 't t'- "1- . :- I & io f ,;- -"1' ., _t , - I r:i I] õ o .J f <;. ,!:2 c '" o c:: --; ..... , '!I- ::.> 1-= I:: i I 7- ...... o E-< I i '. OF TORO:NTO or OLD rHAPTER XXIII. t DESCRT P1'IO T OF THE ('TTY IY 18/j(). IN addition to what I have said r garding th4" progress of Toronto between the time of my coming to the city (1839) and 1850, the following extracts from a description of the city gh"en in Rowsell's Directory, 1850-51, will prov interesting. Referring to Kin tre t it says: "Toronto contains upwards of one hun- dred streets, some of which are of great If'ngth, and I(ing Street, thc main f:;treet of the city, is on4" of tlw finf'st in America. The shops on this street, whieh display extensive stocks of goods, are finished and decorated in the Englhdl Rtyle and in app arance some of thf'In would heal' comparison with thosf' of Reg-ent Rtrf'et, l.ondoll. ran.'y house on I(illg tree1 pay a ground rent of flOO and :f200, and :f :>0 i not an UnCOnll110n rent for thos4" most C"t'ntl'a IIy situated. The public and private huildings on this Rtl'eet are Trinity Church and rhoolhouse attached; Coppland's hrewf'ry; nerk ley Hon t (thp l'f' i(l(>ne(> of C. (1. ma II, Esq.), which iN 157 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS said to be partially built upon the logs of a fisherman's hut purchased for a temporary residence by 1\11'. Small's father upon his arrival with Governor SiIncoe some fi fty or sixty years since, when not a single house was to be seen on the ground which now forms the site of this metropoJis; the sub- stantial residence of ::\Irs. J. S. Baldwin; the St. Lawrence Hall and huildings; St. James' Cathedral (in course of erection); the Farmers' Bank; Royal Lyceum; Ellah's Hotel; Club House; old Government House; County of York Land Office; Normal and 1\lodel Schools; Upper Canada College, and the Toronto General Hospital." The following is a description of the city in the same Directory by the editor of the Buffalo Contmercial -!d'L"erti8erJ after his return from a recent visit of the eÏtizens of Buffalo to Toronto: "Toronto is a much larger and more bean- tiful place than we had antidpated finding. It now contains about twenty-seven thon- sand inhabitants, heing somewhat over half as large as Buffalo. Its streets are regularly laid out at right angles and are wide and generally well paved. Tllere is more uni- formity in the buildings tl!( n is to he found here-the eonstant recurring extrelnes of high and low, of good and poor, do not exist. 158 OF TORO TO OF OLD They are mostly of brick on the business streets and of three rather high stories. King 8treet is the principal street, and very luuch respmhlps our l\lain. There are sev- proal others npon which there are elegant torps and other places of business, which extend considerahle distances. King Street is two miles in length and Y on e Street pxtpnds 'into the country.' The citizens have paid much attention to parks and trees and shrubbery and public grounds, in which p:u,ticulars thpy are ahead of us. There arp many pleasant places in all parts of the city, which render it very attracth'p. There a1'(, many el gant privatp J'psiden("es; and in public buildings, with tlw f'xception of d)n..dlP , Ruffalo cannot 'make a show' :1 Jongsidp of Toronto. In a(Idition to thf' St. Lawren("(> ITa II , alrcady dp wrihed, ther(' is the OHgO()(]P Hall, a fine' edificp, in which la wyprs do mo tly congrpgate. There arp also others, and some finl' chureJu's. of whieh the cathedral of the noman (1atholi('s stands at tlw he'ad, for H]'chitpctul'al beauty, of thos(' which came under our ohsPl"vatÌon. (1 0 IJpge \. yen UP is one of thp mOHt splendid places w(' eyer saw anywhel'(" and the gronnds a ttaehpfl to the Toronto ('ollege, to whic'h tllP a\'enue lead , ar(' spaciouH and w('II laid out. By the way, thp annual pub- 159 RECOLLECTIONS \.:ND RECOHDS Iic rccitations took place at this college on "Tednesrlay, which was an occasion of much interest. The Governor-General, who takes an active interest in educational matters, was prescnt and confcrred the prizes, in doing which he addresscd the recipients in a very felicitous Jnanner. Up the lake, a sllOrt distance from the city, is the lunatic asyhnu for ranaòa V\T est. I t is a large building, or rather a eries of buildings, of hrick, and designed for the acconuuodation of SOUle four hundred patients. There are now in it, we understand, about two hun- dre(l and forty. The harbor of Toronto is a natural one, formed by an island, or a Presque Isle, sweeping around the bay a mile or so and ahout two miles from the shore, thus forming one of thp safest and n10st commodious harbors we ever saw, n1uch resembling Erie, Pa. The water is of a good depth in an parts of the hay. TIle docks and wharves, however, are very defi- cient, and an along thp bay there are no indications of very actiyc commereÏal busi- ness. Steamboats of the British and \.n1eri- can lines are constantly arriving and dcpart- ing. The country ronnd abont Toronto is rich and productiyc and highly cultivated; were it not so, so largp a population could scarcely be sustained, as the lake business 160 OF TORO TO OF OI..jÐ does not contribute a great deal to the build- ing up and support of the city.* The Pro- vincial GOyernluent has done much to pro- mote agriculturc, and the Agricultural Society of rpper Canada, which hpld its annual fair at Xiagara on the 15th and l()th of Heptenlher, has also heen a highly yaln- ahlc intstrument in producing a similar result. The people of Canada are pioneprs in the construction of plank roads, from whïeh Toronto has deriypà much benefit." Tlw following dcscription of the Gover- nor-Genpral's residence is from the ame paper: " Elm le.y '''"ilIa, the re idence of the Gov- Pl'nor-General, is situated about a mile and a half from the bay on Yonge Street. Tlw grounds embrace twelve acrps, are the pro- perty of an English gentleman namcrl )Iacaulay, and are renterl hy l..ord Elgin. The residencc is approached through an aypnlW, lwautifully lined on either idp with a forcst of shrubbery and shade trees. The hou e is hut an ordinary structurc, heing a · II '\Vith great deference to the statement, we think the narrator is sUghtIy in error. In corrobora- tion of our opinion, we would beg to refer to the number and tonnage of the vessels owned in the city and the amount of Customs duties received at the port of Toronto." 11 161 HECOLLECTIO:NS AND RECORDS two-storey. roughcast building, the rooms not very spacious, but ample enough, we suppose, for all practical purposes. The grounds, however, are delightfully laid out with winding ways and 'shady groves and love-provoking bowers,' interspersed with smoothly-mown lawns." 162 OF TORO:NTO OF OLD CHAPTER XXIV. THE Y...1TIO).rA I.JITIE8. TIlE following is a comparative statement of the different nationalities of the residents of Toronto in 1850, 1881 and 1911 : Popula- Popula- Popula- tion, Per tion, Per tion. Per 1850. cent. 188t. cent. 1911. cent. England and Wales " . 4,227 16.8 14,674 17.0 71,064 19.0 Scotland '" 1,994 7.9 4,435 5.1 19,990 5.3 Ireland ..., 8,701 34.5 10,781 12.4 15,996 4.2 Can. British (Ont.) _" 9,009 35.7 48,819 56.4 224,587 60.0 Can. French (Que.) ... 260 1.03 2,324 2.7 4,244 1.1 Other parts of the Do- minion . . 346 .4 2,475 .65 United States 726 2.8 3,367 3.8 11,559 3.0 Germany . . 83 .31 492 .6 1,290 .03 Italy ..... . 63 3,086 1.0 Russia ... . 10,035 2.9 Other coun- tries 166 .7 1,114 1.3 12,134 3.2 Total ....26,166 86,415 376,460 Thp falling-off of the percentage of Irish is very noticeahle. The immigration from Ire- 16:3 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS land from "1847 to 1850, during the time of the famine and for some time after, was very large, and Canada seems to have had the preference over the rnited States, while now, and for some time pa t, the United States has had hy far the largest per- centage. Of latp years the increase in immigration from England to Canada has been considerable, while there has been a slight falling-off in the immigration from Scotland. The only Jewish residents and firms in Toronto in 1850 that I can remelllber were )Iarcus Rossin and Brother, Å. and S. X orrlheimer, J. G. Jo eph, Benjamin and Co., Alfred Braham and Samuel Casper. I can rememher onl v two Italian families. According to the ('ensus in 1911 there were 18,143 Jews and 4,997 Italians! Of coursp the number of both Jews anrl Italians has greatly increased since then. Somewhere about forty or fifty years ago a Chinaman was a ruriosit:'T, and 3 visit of two or three mandarins about fifty ;vears ago created quite an excitement, while to-day the Chinese residents of Toronto number nearly two thousand. The folIowing is a Rtatement of the immi- 164 OF TOROXTO OF OLD gration into Upper Canada, taken from the C(uwdian .Jolll'twl of June, 1854: 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 ..... -.................... ..................O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O' . O'.O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'..O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'O' . O'O'O'O'O'........................................ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .................................................. .. ........................................ I.......... .................................................. .. .......................... I........................ 21,190 28,937 44,374 20,142 25,375 29,253 32,736 90,150 27,939 38,494 32,292 41,076 Total ....,.,.............. 431,958 I twas pstima tPel t ha t not nlOl'P than one- half of the abovp made this Province their pcrmanpnt abode, a numbpr having pasRed throu h to thp enitcù States. The following is a statelll('nt of the nation- aIiti('s of the inhahitants of {T ppel" Canada, takpll from the 18-! census report: English .............. Scotch ....... ... . . . . . . . Irish .................. French Canadian British Canadian ...., Germans ..,........... United States ......... Other countries ....... 64,560 57,604 140,673 20,490 383,084 7,730 32,579 11,117 Pn CPß t, 8.9 8.0 19.5 2.8 53.3 1.07 4.5 1.5 717,837 \n artielp from the (!lI p hcc {'hrrmicle, quoted in tlw lA'(H]rt" np'n paper, Toronto, 165 RErOLLECTIONR .AND RErORDR of .January 25th, 1863, contains the 8tate- ment that according to the census of 1861 the French Canadians were in the minority in the following cities, towns and counties of Lower Canada: Argenteuil, rompton, )Iissisquoi, Pontiac, Sherbrooke, Brolne, Huntingdon, )lontreal, Richmond and Stan- stead. Since then there has been a great change in the nationalities of the inhabit- ants of nlost of these places. The census rpport of 1911 shows that in l\Iontreal. with a . total population of 470,480, there were but 121,128 inhabitants, or not quite 26 per cent., of British origin; those of French origin being 298,878, or somewhat over 60 pel' cent., the balance being made up of other nationalities, of which 27,948 were Jews. In the city of Sherbrooke with a total population of 16,405, there were 5,056, or about 31 per cent., of British orig'in, and 10,766, or nearly 66 per cent., of Prench origin. Regarding the other places named, those showing a majority of English are Brome and IIuntingdon; those showing a slight lllajority of French, ArgenteuiI, Pon- tiac and Stanstead; and those showing a large majority of French, Iissisquoi, Comp- ton and Richmond. According to the ('pnsus report in 1861, when the total population was only 44,821, 166 OF TOROXTO OF Ol,D there were 510 colored people in Toronto, }nd in 1911 there were only -!7 . The total colored population in Upper runada at the former date was 11,223, prindpally located in the counties of Es ex and Kent, wherp there were 6,659. These conn ties heing closf' to th Cnited States, largf' numhf'rs of col- ored lwople, escaped slan" , tied there from the XOI,thprll Statps aftf'l' the passing of the Fugitive lave Law in 1 30, giving the OWlwr fu 11 }lower to arrcst a slave in any Rtatp to whi<-h hp lllight have fled, either personall)' or throngh an pspt:'eÏal1y author- ized agent. Since thc abolition of slavery in the C'nited tate:s in 1S(;:; ,'cr.'" fe,," coloI'f'd people have found their way into (1anada. The tenùency has hef-'n in the other dirf'ction. 167 RECOLLECTIONR AND RECOR.DS CIIAPTER XXV. BUSINESS ESTABLI HJIE VTS. THE principal wholesale and retail dry gooùs establishments in Toronto in the lat- ter pal.t of the forties were :Uessrs. Bryce, )1cl\1 urrich and Co., 'Yilliam 1\lcl\laster, Isaac (1. Gilmol', Gilmor and Coulson, John Robertson, Hhaw and Turnbull, "Ta1ter :l\lacFarlane, Ros:s and McLeod, Andrew 3icGlashen, A. Lawrie and Co., Bowes and Hall, Scott and I..aidlaw, Ross, l\litchelI and Co., l\IcKeand and Patterson, John Ewart, Jr., and Co., Peter Paterson, George B. 'Vyllie, ,Yo L. Perl.in and Co., Betley and Kay, and 31offatt, )Iurray and Co. In this hranch of husiness the Scotch element loomed up very largely. 'Ylth the excep- tion of )Ie srs. "Tilliam )Ic3Iastel', )Iatthew Betley, ,Yo L. Perrin and Co., Lewis 3ioffatt, and Bowes and Hall, all the firnls and indi- viduals were ScoÌl:h, as were also the mana- gers of the Bank of l\lontrf'al (:\Ir. 'Villiam 'ViI son ), the COlllJuercÏal Bank ( John ram- eron) , and the Bank of British North .Anlerica ("T. G. Cassels). The othel' hanlu; were the Bank of Uppf'l' ranada and the 168 OF TOROXTO OF OLD Farmer -thp latter a very small institu- tion. This is all the more remarkable when it is considpred that out of a population of a trifle over twenty-five thousand there were only aLout 1,!.HJ--1, or a little under 8 per ("ent., natives of Seotland in Toronto. It use(l to he said that an Irishman is never at peace except when he is at war, an Eng- lishman never happy except when he is mis- erah]p and a Seotchman never at home t'xcept when he is ahroad. Evidently the cotchmpn in Toronto not only made them- selves at hUlllP but secured pretty nl11ch the hest of what wa to he had. It has also been said that Ahcrdcen is ahout the only place in whidl a Jew could not make a living. But" hy does a Scotchman ucceed so well? Is it not hpeêHlse of his usual characteristics -entpl'prise, caution, business foresight and in tegl'i ty.! The prilldpal hardware establishment WPI'P "'orkman Brothpl"s and Co., II. S. Rt"ott and Co., (afterwards Rice Lewis and ROll), Uidon1 Bl'otlH'r and Co., ThoJlU)s D. Harris, Rohert n. Brett and Peter Pat- l}rSOn and ::-;ons. The drug firms were Lyman, Kllpcshaw and Co., Jo:scph Beckett and Co., R. Yfuton, rT. (1. Rf'ttridgp, IIngh )filh'l' and . F. Crquhal't. The prin- ("ipal grot'Pl'il's, mith and )[acdon('ll, Foy 169 RECOLLECTIONS ...\ND HECORDR and Austin, Thomas Brunskill, George )Iunl'o, P. and G. Perkins, 1. P. Hayes, Charles Robertson, and Thomas Rigney (afterwards \Yhittemol'e, Rutherford and Co.). There were the jewellery firms of J. G. Joseph and Co., Rossin Brothers, l\forphy Brothers, and Gporge Savage, the piano firm of ...\. and S. X ordheimer, the important wholesale and retail furrier business of Jospph Rog-PI's, estahli hed in 1815, and the foundries of .T. R. ArmstJ'ong and Co., ,Tames Good, George II. rheney ànd Co., and George B. Spencer. The wholesale husiness developed very eon ifleraùly during the latter part of the forties. Of the above-named business firms, twenty-five were wholesale establishment!'. The manufactories at this time were foul' foundries, thl'l'p cabinpt factories, three coach-building establishnlents, three soap and candle factories, three bookhÎJHlp1's' establishments, two hreweries, two di!'tiller- ies, and a chair, a wagon, an axe, a pail, a pap('r, a starch, a woodenware and a hat factory. THE LA\VYERS. The most important legal firms were )[pssrs. rrawford, Hagarty and rrookshank (Ron. .John Crawford, J.Jieutenant-Gover- 170 OF TOROXTO OF OT D nor, Hon. J. H. l-Iagarty, rhief Justice, and Oeorge Crookshank, .J r.); :\[essrs. Blake, l\[orrison and Connor (Honorables 'Yïllialll Rume Blake, Chancellor, Jospph C. :\lorri- son, and Skeffington Connor, Judges); :\lessrs. Burns, ::\Iowat and VanKoughnet (Honorables H. B. Burns, .T ueIge, Oliver :Uowat, Premier of Ontario, and P. )1. Van- Koughnet, Chancellor) ; :\Iessrs. 'Vilson and Smith (Honorahle Adam 'Yilson, Judge, and Dr. T arratt ,Yo lnith, Chancellor of thp Ulliver:5ity) ; lr. Henry Eccles, one of the forl'lllo t crÏIllinal lawyprs in the coun- try; :\Iessrs. Cameron, Brock and Robinson (Honorable .T. Hillyard ralneron, George Brock and Honorable J. ß. Robinson, Lieu- tenant-Go,'ernor) ; )Ips rs. Turner, Gwynnp and Bacon (Hobert .John Turnpr, IIonor- abl(' J. ,Yo Gwynne, ('hief Justice of the SupreUlP Court, anù 'Villiam Vynl1c Bacon) ; .Messrs. Uobillson and Allan (Sir Jmnes Lukin Hoùinson and lIonorable O. 'V. ..\llan). [essl's. Clarke Oambll' and 'V. II. Boulton, )LP.P., wer(' also prominent bar- rist<,l's and soli('itor . l\IEDICAL PU.\CTITIONEll RESIDING I TORO TO. Doctors 1Yidmpr, Badgley, King, Herrick, Bon']], 'Vorklllan, )Iorrison, RnrnRirl(', 171 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS Rolph, O'Brien, Holmes, Hornby, McIlmur- ray, Priml.osP, Telfer, Beaumont, Derry, Gamble, Hallowell, Hodder, )facdonald, .Nicol, Hpps, Richardson, Robinson, Bussell, Scott, Gynne, Stradford and Travers. THE ARCHITECTS. The principal architects at the time were )Iessrs. ",Yilliam Thomas, architect of the ROUlan Catholic Cathpdral, Knox Church, rnited Pre h.Yt(>rian Church, the Congrega- tional Chureh on Adelaide Street, and the St. Lawrence Hall; John G. Howard,. architect of thp Provincial I.unatic Asylum and many other huildings; Clllnberiand and Ridout (afterwards Clunberland and Storm), architects of St. James' Cathedral, Provincial TTniver it)' and the Normal School; )lr. Lane, architect of St. George's Church; Kivas Tully, architect of Trinity f"ollege and the Bank of ::\lontreal; Thomas Young, architect of the old City Hall. EXPRESS BUSINES . In 1845 Ill)' father gave up the orth American Hotel and took up the custom * Mr. Howard deeded to the city the magnificent park bearing his name, on condition that the city pay him and his wife an annuity of $1,500 per annum. 172 OF TORO TO OF OI.D house brokerage business, and in 1846, in connection with à 11r. Allen, organized the first exprpss business in Canada. The ser- vice WàS a weekly one, the route being from Hamilton to )Iontreal. As the stages only ran at the rate of six miles an hour, it took about fifty-fi,'e hours to reach )Iontreal from Toronto. The whole of the express matter was carried in a box about three feet by two feet six inches h ' twu feet six inches! On my father's appointment as chief clerk of the Customs House in 1847 he ga\e up the express business, which, I think, was not contiIuwll hy his partner. \.t that tÎIne the whole staff of the Customs Honse consisted of the Collector, )11'. Robert tanton (for- merlyQlwen's Printer) ; Surveyor, )Ir. John Ro,v; Chief Clerk, lIlY father, and one landing-waiter. BLILDI G SOCIETIE . Thesp Fìoeieties wt:'re introduct:'d in Upper Canada in 1846, and in Toronto alone in 1850 there were eight. The provisions of these sodeties were gencrally as follows: " The vahw of each shart> was $100 and pay- ments to realize this nm 10s. nlonthly, with an entran('(\ fee of from 28. 6d. to 5s. to pay for books, stationery and other preliminary 173 RECOLLECTIO:KS AND RECORDS expenses, 71hd. per month to cover all thE' expenses of management, that the profits Inay go on accumulating without any deduc- tion. The accumulation of profits in these societies is very great, because of the whole funds on hand being sold every month at high ratE'S of interest and at a considerable premium the operation of compound inter- est upon the increase of the general fund is very effective. N either, though a borrower apparently pays an exorbitant interest, does he do so in reality. for he cannot he a bor- rower without being a shareholder. As such he is to a certain degree a lender to himself, and therefore his participation in gains reduces very materially the percentage which he seE'ms to pay." The officers and directors of thesE' societies were amongst our most prominent citizens anò husiness men. These Building Societies were all termin- able within a limited period, and not per- manent, and after the time had run out others werE' not formed to take their place, as the results were hy no means satisfac- tory. Some of them were converted into thE' permanent builòing societies slwh as the Canada Permanpnt :l\Iort.gage Corporation. 174 ()I TORONTO OF OLD CHAPTER XXYI. THE POST OFF/eE. I April, 1847, I applied for thf> position of junior elprk in th0 Rank of l\fontrpu1. Thf> appointment waR given to :Mr. G('orge H. "'Tilson, a hl'other of Sir Adam 'Yi1son, who was a clerk in the Toronto Post Office at thp tinw and who remained in the sprvÏce of thp Bank as accountant until superannu- ated, and I secured his position. Thp Po t Officp at that time was on \YelIington Street, where the Imperial Bank now stanòs. Thp delivery officp was a low one-storey huilding ahout thirty by twenty feet, connecieil with th(' residence of the Postm:l tp1" which was a large, òonhlp two Atorpy hl1ilòing. Thp òistribllting office wa in what had bepn a cpllar kitchen, a h011t twpnty fept sqnarp, with a smokp-hlackpne(l and nevpr-whitpneil ('piling that, although und('r medium hpight, I c011lò touch with m - knuckles without tiptoping. It was really ahout evpn fppt in hpi ht. The spacp in the òp]h-pry officp allottpi) for thp puhlic was a lIo11t tweh'p h:v tìftppn fppt, thp hoxe , 175 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS which were four hundred in number, heing arranged at the end and one side of the vestibule. There were two wickets, one about six feet froln an open door. The Post Office was then under the Imperial GovernUlent, 3Ir. Thomas Allan Stayner being Deputy Postmaster-General. The Postmaster was paid a salary, I do not know how luuch, and as perquisites had the rental of the boxes ($1.50 each) and the postage of all the ci ty drop-letters, he to furnish the office and pay the clerks. The Postmaster at this time was l\Ir. Charles Berczy, a man of considerable ability and enterprise, who became soon after the Presi- dent of the Consumers' Gas Company and was President of one of the Building Socie- tiès. He was a handsome man verging npon sixty years of age, was an inveterate snuff user, very nervous, irritable ana gloom -, and extrenlely parsimonious. lIe was always friendly and even confidential with me, for whom he seemed to entertain a liking. I am sorry to say that he committeò suicide in 1858. The whole staff at this time consisted of the Postmaster, three clerks and one letter- carrier. John Armstrong, the chief clerk, was a good book-keeper and an efficient hand, a very plain man of about forty years 176 OF TOROXTO OF OLD of age. His salary was f75 ($300) per annum. Christopher 'Yalsh was the second clerk, a bachelor, a dapper little Irishman ahout fifty years of age, who dyed his hair (not always very Ruccessfully). He always wore a black frock coat and figured vest, his trousers were strapped down to his hoots, on which he wore spats, and he usnally car- ried a walking-stick. He always appeared to know everybody and was extremely polite, even obsequious. He subsequently obtained a clerkship at the Toronto Cu toms IIous('. and later on became Collector of Cnstom in Osha wa. His salary was ff)O ( 2 to) pel' annum. I. as the junior clerk, received a salary of f40 ( lGO) per annum, which was not increased for threE' years. Tlwse sa 1- aries were all payable quarterly. The letter- carrier was John :Mcflloskey (a Scotch- man), an old pensioner, honest and faithful, hu t gruff in his manner . Postage stamps were not introduced until ]853, and letters could be sent either pre- paid or unpaid. The rates of postagp werp regulated by the distance from thf' post officp from which the letters were mailed. For iw.;tance, postage to sueh plaeE's as Rarrie, Hamilton and Oshawa was ! d. currency (7c.); to t. Catharin(' , Brant- ford and Lindsay, 7d. (12c.); to Kingston, 12 177 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS Owen Sound and London, 9d. ( 15c.); to llrockville, 'Yindsor and Cornwall, 11lhd. (19c.) ; to :\lontreal, Ottawa (then By town ), 1:s. 1 d (23c.) ; Three Rivers, 1s. 4d. (27 c.) ; Quebec, ls. 6d. (30c.); Halifax, 2s. 9%d. (55c.) ; to Great Britain, 1s. 2d. sterling- 1s. 4d. currency- (27 c.) ; to Lewiston, 41hd. (7c.). The weight allowed was one-half ounce, but a letter with one enclosure was double, and with two or more enclosures, if it did not weigh an ounce, was treble. J.Jetters weighing one ounce were chargeable with four single rates. All letters unpaid were stalllped with black ink and those paid stamped "paid" with red ink. It can readily be seen how troublesome it was to collect the postage when delivering both paid and unpaid letters at the wicket, with a crowd of people clamoring for their mail. The coinage used at the time added greatly to this difficulty. Canada had no silver coinage, the coins in use being the American quarters, passing for 1s. 3d.; the English hining:s, passing for 1s. 2%d., and the :Mexican quarters (of which there were a number in use), for 1s. (20c.). The coppers in use were those issued by the Bank of ::\Iontl'eal, Ju:seph T.Jeslie and Son, Dundas, and some other firllls. On one issued was a picture of a vessel and on the reverse side 178 OF TORO TO OF OLD the inscription, " Ships, Colonies and Com- merce." " hile our accounts were kept in pounds, shilIings and pence, we talked in decimal currency, which was not introduc('(l until 1857. Accounts were kept with the public institutions, merf'hants and reliable people, hills being rendered monthly. The Inails from Canadian towns arrin-d almost daily and the English mails fort- uightly. It was always cu!':tomary to <'lost' thp wickets when sorting the luails, whkh in the case of the English mail sometimes took considerahly over an hour. It can rpadily he imagined that those who were waiting for the delivery of the mail mani- fpste(l eonsideraùh impatience, especially duriuA' the wintpl' months, when the office wa very cold. SometimeI' loud complaints of tliP waiting public wpre rather discon- cCl'ting to the clerks, who were busy sorting the mailH, and as soon as thp wickets were opened there was an outcry and a tremen- dous crush. Punch ill Co nada llsed to poke consideraùle fnn at tliP managPIIlent of the Post Office and referred to thp office staff as " the man and tile hOJ :' I scarcely liked this as, beinA' ahout sixteen 01' seventePll .\('al' of a w, I 1hol1A'ht I h:\(1 g-ot ont of my l)oybood! 179 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS The office hours were from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on week days, and on Sundays from 9 to 10 a.m. and from 5 to 6 p.m. If any mails hap- pened to come in just before closing time (7 p.m.), which was not un frequently the case, the clerks had to stay and sort them, if it took till nine o'clock. Sometimes I had to go to the office at six in the morning to sort the mails, when r was given an hour off between eight and ten for breakfast, but at other times had hreakfast before going to work and often did not get off for dinner until a couple of hours after one o'clock. There were no regular holidays. The distributing office, of which I have already given the dhnensions, was sonle- thing over four feet lwlow thc lcvel of the ground. The only light in da .tinw. was from a window about four feet square, the glazed panels of the entrance door (throngh which the mails were received), and whatever light came down through the door from the delivery office, the floor of which was about four feet higher than that of the distribut- ing office. This cellar was very dark, and occasionally the odor from a dead rat per- meated the place, in addition to the damp- ness and the odor from the sour paste on the wrappers of the papers from the newspaper offices, together with the dust from the dried 180 .. StS .::;:.'..) -<.- .......... " C't) - -< ':J r .' g-Tr9' S '. 110/ 0 \ O" T ....."J.- ...:.. '>>- , .; ;. " " -,. ....<< , .... . :.. ... ^.. . . ::. .: --: .: ....---.. ::, """".. ...:.. ('()I'I''' I{ ('OI:'\:S I:'\: ('H" I:\: Till': 40's, OP TORO-xTO OF OLD muù on thc lcather and canvas mail hags, WhCll t lwy ,verc shakcn to make room in them for the packages of letters and papers. Therc was also the slnoke fronl an oil lamp and the odor frolll the combustion of the badl v purified gas fl'om the only two gas brackets in thc place, which but dimly lighted the room. Tlw Postmaster being very loath to invest mone.}" for a new gas burIler, it was sonlPtimes burnt from the gas pipc itself. I was only fifteen years of agp when I \\ ent into thc Post Office, and as consider- ably o,'er half of my time during five year ' service in this building was spent in this wretched, dingy hole with itR foul atUlos phere, together with thp dose confineU1pnt, Sunday work, no holidays and irregular Ineal hours, the effect it had upon my health can readily be undpl'stood, and after a fcw years I became a t'onfirlllegraph has been kindly furnished by )11'. R. P. Easson: "The telpgraph was introduced into Toronto in 184G. This was the first tele- graph line built in ('anada. The line pxtended from 'Toronto to Siagal'a via lImn- ilton anù t. Catharines. ThOlnas D. IIarris, a well-known hardware lllerchant, who p place of bnsine was on the north side of King Street immediatply east of Ht. James' Cathedral, was president of the COlli- pallY controlling this line. The line was built by 8amuel Portpl', an ...\merican, who aftprwards became it superintelldpnt. .A wire was suspendpd a('ros the Niagara River to connect the line at Queenston with Lewi:ston and thpreby forming connection with Buffalo and other points in the CnÎtf'a Rtates. Very little husine s was done on this line until the .Montreal Telegraph Com- pany came along in the spring of L 47 and oppnpd an office in Toronto. The office of 185 RECOLI..ECTIOX8 AXD RECORDS the ::Kiagara line was in the John Ewart and COlllpany building, Front Street. The Com- pany occupied the room looking out into Front Street and directly opposite Brown's 'Yharf and nearly opposite F. anù G. Per- kins and Company's wholesale grocery, which was on the south side of Front Street. The )lontreal Company had a room imme- diately baek of the Niagara Company's office, and in the course of a year or two the )lontreal COIupany bought out the Niagara Company and the offices were combined, the :Uontreal .company joining forces with the Xiagal'a COlnptUl)T and Uloving into the room looking out into Front Street. A small space was partitioned off for the public, but there were no facilities for writing mes- sages, nlerely a wicket through which the messages for tl'ansnlÏssion were passed. J. R. larIing succeeded )Ir. Porter as mana- ger of the .xiagara Conlpany, but when the :Uontreal Company bought out the forluer company he resigned and later on became the manager of the St. Catharines office. "::\lr. ,John Parsons, an \nwri('an, was the first regular manager of the )Iontl'eal Telegraph Company's office at Toronto, although quite a number of embryo opera- tors had been in charge previoll to Parsons' appointuwnt. Parsons was a married Ulan 186 , ........-, R. F. EASSOX. (hll' of t1w f'ar1if'!red the employ of the )lontreal Tt>Ipgraph Company in Toronto in 1848 as oftiet:' boy, and being an apt youngster, speedily learned to operate, and when Dwight arrived in Toronto Toye was a fairl y good operator and was then stationed at London, Ontario. Toye died luany years ago, hut Leeanlc a distinguished telegrapher heforp his dpath, with a continental reputa- tion as an inv('ntor and pxpeI't plectrician. "H. F. Easson succeeded Toyc as office ho-," ill ] -tn, ànd in the interim hetween Toye's (leparhae for London and Easson's ell ag(,lllellt, tht' message , whkh averaged ahout a dozpn daily, were de1Ïn>rpd by old [r. l,pwiH, th.. caretaker, who lived in the haspmput of the Imildillp:. It might be rplIl.uked parenthetically that there was but. one postman in Toronto at that timc--a )[1'. )[e(,Im kt' .. \1I'. Easson relnained in the pmploy of thp Company for ovpr sixty years, awl only rp1 ired from the Imsiness in 1910. H )1 l". J )wight, as is well known, tIied ill .July, l!tl:!, full of honors, and retained thp r(' ped awl estpem of the ('itizen of 187 RECOLLECTIO S ..\ND RECORDS Toronto, where he had resided continuously from 1850 until the tÎlne of his death. In the early part of his incumbency here, he and young Easson managed the entire business of the Toronto office. "The )lontreal Telegraph Company in 1856 removed fronl the office on Front Street to the Corn Exchange Building (now the Imperial Bank) and occupying the site where the Post Office stood during l\Ir. Charles Bl'l"czy's reign as Postmaster. The npxt 11l0Y the Telegraph Company made was into their present building, which they erected in 18,2, on the Houth-west corner of Scott and 'Yellington Streets. Paddy Gra- ham, a weB-known dtizen, kept a boarding- house, a long low one-storey wooden build- ing, for a great man;\' years 011 the site wherp thp Gr(>at Xorth-'Yestern Telegraph COlli- pany is now located, the latter company having taken over the lontreal Company i 11 1881. " There is residing in this city at present an old-tÏIlle telegrapher, )11'. J. T. Townsend. He entered the :\lontreal Telegraph Com- pany's service at Toronto in 1850. In that year he was a ppoin ted to take charge of the cOlllpany's officf' at Queenston. Here he remained two or three years, afterwards relnoving to St. Catharines to accept a posi- 188 OF TORONTO OF OI.JD tion in the Commercial Bank of Canada. He remaineù in St. Catharines but a year or two, when he returned to his first love and accepted the management of the :l\Iontreal Telegraph Company's officp at Brantford. At this place he remained until 18t>6, when llP was appointed to the dual office of Inspec- tor of the :Montreal Telegraph Company and Orand Trunk Railway Company's telegraph offices. lie held that position until about ten years ago, when he retired. He is now eighty- seven years of age. One of his sons, 1r. Hamilton Townsend, is a well-known archi- tect of the city, and the other son, Charles J. Townsend, is proprietor of the An tiq ue Fur- niture and .Art Gallery establishment at the corner of .church and Carlton Streets. Not- withstanding hi extreme' age, :.\Ir. Town- send enjo:ys pretty good health, though cOln- pelled to keep to the hon p owing to an acci- (]PIÜ to one of his legs thrpp or four years ago." I r. Easson, who still re:-;ide in Toronto, is in very fair health. 18!) RECOLLECTIONS AND RECOHDS CHAPTEU XXVIII. THE VESSELS) A}" D 'j'HE ONT,ARIO. SIJICOE LX]) l-lúRO T R..:-l1Ln7 4r. THE VES ELS. I SHALL not attelnpt to give any rletailed account of marine n13tter:s in Toronto, lmt there were quite a large nnmùer of steamprs and sailing craft belonging to the city pJy- ing between Toronto and other ports between the forties and fifties, most of whieh I can rClllemhC'r. Amongst the steam- ers were the .ldmiral) Princes.s Royal) Sor- erei[/n, Eclipse) ']lra celler, .Limerir'a. City of ']l oron to) Chief J llstice Robinson, Q uecn l''ictorio J Transit) jla[Jnet. \rilliam the Fourth) St. Georye) Gore. Britannia, Cobourg) Peerlcss) Great Britain and Com- modore Barrie. SOlne of these boats were not over two hundred tons burden and nOlW of them over fiye hnndl'C'tl tons, nor had they upper deck caùins. The 1r illiarn the Fonrth was remarkaùle for having four smoke- stacks, and the Chief Justice Robinson (referred to previously) for her })('('uIiaJ" 190 OF TORO TO OF Ol.D f;haped bow. Their 8peed was from ten to fourteen miles an hour, and it generally took about three hours to cross from Toronto to iagara. A large nlunber of these yessels were owued by :l\Iessrs. Donald Bethune, Andrew Heron and Captain Thomas Dick. The fine t YeR pl coming' to Toronto was the Lady of the Lake) an American boat of much larger sizf' than thp Canadian ones, with upper cabins, which were well fitted up. She plied between Toronto, Lewiston and Ogdensburg. There was as Wf'II a large fleet of barques and schooners and f;f'yeral propelJel's. In 1850 ten steallwrs, twenty-two schooners and three propellers hdonged to Toronto. The principal captains were Thomas and .James Dick, Hugh Richardson, Rr., Hugh Richardson, Jr., James Sutherland, - Twohy, Hon. John EIlll lp)\ - Kerr, 'Yilliam Gordon and TIpnl'Y Hkhardson. THE INAL'GL'R.-\TIOX OF THE ONT \RIO, SUICOE .\ D IIrRox R.\ILWAY. I remember witnessing the ceremony, which took place on thp hank on tlH' south side of Front Street, just wP t of illlf'oP Street, of the inaug-nration of the Untario, 191 RECOLLE(jTIO R A D RECOHOH Simcoe and Huron Railway (afterwards known as the Northern Railway). The first sod was turned, in the presence of a very Jarge and interested crowd, by Lady Elgin, who used a handsome silver spad and threw a little earth into a wheelbarrow which l\layor Bowes, who assisted in the cerenlony, wheeled away a short distance and emptied. l\Iayor Bowes, who was one of Toronto's best and most popular mayors, and was elected six times to that position, had a great idea of the dignity and Î1llportance of his office and appeared in his cocked hat, sword, knee breeches and silk stockings. I remember seeing the 10ColllotÎve for the road being drawn down Y onge Street frOlll Ir. Good's shop on Queen Street east of Y onge, where it was constructed, which created a great deal of interest and excite- ment. This was the second engine built, the first one (called the " Lady Elgin " ) having been found too light for anything but con- struction work. The first train pulled out on )Iay 16th, ] 833, in the presence of a largp crowd of spectators, frOln the little wooden station on the bank opposite the present Queen's Hotel. (The econd station \Vas on Front Street at the foot of Broek Street, now Spadina Avenue, anù the third 011 the espJanade below the l\1arket.) It wa under 192 \ . . e . I. " , - -:-- JOH H_-\.HVIE. The First Railwa, Conductor in Canada. in hi!' uniform as cOI\{Ìut'Ìor of the Royal Train on tht' occasion of the Vi it of 'His Royal Higlmess the Prince of 'Yales to. ColIingwood, Sept. 16th, 1860. OF TORO TO OF OLD thf' charge of )lr. John Harvie, conductor, who afterwards hecame one of the aldf'rnlen of our city and later on secretary of the TTpper Canada Bible Society. Its first des- tinatioll was to IaeheI's Corners (now Aurora), which waR aH far aR thp road then extended. 1\lr. Harvip tells Uie that he had been conductor for two years on the )[jchi- an Cpntra] Railway in the rnited States, and that anothf'r conductor fl'OI11 thp States was expected to take charge of this train, hut as he had not arrived, )lr. Brunell, the 8uperintendcllt, Raid to him, "Harvie, you must take charge of the train and RPlI thf' tickets on the platform, and the ùaggage- master will cullect them on the train," which was done. :\Ir. Harvip thus becallw the first conductor of the fil'Ht stca III rail way in Canada! (Prior to this there was a traIll- way line with horse cars between lontreal and Lachine.) The road was subsequently extenderl to Bradford and then to Belle Ewart in the summer of 1854. The first train ran into Barrie on JUllP 231'd, 18ü3; to Collingwood on January 1st, 18;)3; to Orillia on Xovell1- her 18th, 1871, and to )leaford on Xo,'enlùer 2nd, 1873. I remember taking a trip to np]]e Ewart on January 1st, 1 :Þ3. 'flip Huperilltelldent was :Mr. A. Brunell, civil 13 193 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS engineer, and the first President the Honor- able J. C. Iorrison. 1\Ir. Harvie tells nle "the Great "Testern was opened between Windsor and the Suspf'nsion Bridge in 1853 and came into Toronto in 1855, and the Grand Trunk as far as the Don in 1856 and into the city in 1857." (The Great 'Yestern station was a wooden building on the esplanade on the east side of Y onge Street, now used as a freight shed.) :Mr. Harvie, I am pleased to say, is still living and in fair health. His excellent wife was well known for many years on account of the interest she took in the welfare of the young women of Toronto, and was largely instrumental in thp formation of the Young "\Vomen's Christian Guild. The l)uilding of this road at 80 early a date was owing to the indomitable pluck, entprprise and optimism of 1\[1'. Frederick Chase Capreol, the accomplishment of which, with its innumerable obstacles and difficulties, would haye daunted any ordin- ary man, and for which )[r. Capreol received but scant recognition from the directors of the company. )[r. Capreol's first scheme was to raise the monf')? by lot- tery. This failed partly b ('ause of the objection to the schenle on thf' ground of its immoraIitJ? . Afterwal'd he fOl'nled a com- 1 1 OF TOROXTO OF OLD pany, to secure which he went to England and obtained the Royal Charter. The bene- fit that Toronto has derived from the con- l'itruction of this road is almost incaIcu lable. [r. Capreol, with whom I was well acquainted-he being an old friend of my father's-was a man of great public spirit, wide vision and re t lel'is pnergy, and although Rome of his nUlnerous projects might seem visionary, others were well worthy of consideration. I rememhpl' he JUHl a scheme for an incuhator for which he was ridiculed at the time, hut we all know that thp hatching of eggs hy means of incu- bators ha for some tim(> heen carried out succ('s ful1y and that they arc now in gen- pral IISP. Another of his projects was the building of a ship canal to eonnect Lak{' TI uron with Lake Ontario. There is onp incident which took place that was a good illustration of his pm"severance, energy, re ourcefulne and pluck, in th(' part Iw took in R('curing tlw arrf' t, in Lewis- ton, of .J allH'S UcDermott and (trace )[arks for the mnrdpl' of )fr. ThonUl Kin1war anfl his house-keeper, ...\nn ...\fontgomer,v, near RichJ1lOlHl IIi]), which took place on July 31, 1 J3, and crpat<>d much excÏtempnt at the time. Thi waR fully reported in th(' British ['olonist newspaper, anò a d{'tail(,fl account 195 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS is given in Ir. Robertson's" Landmarks of Toronto," furnished by .1\11'. Herbert G. Paull, from which the following account is taken: " On hearing of the Illurdpl' of his friend from his children on the Sunday evening after their return from church, )lr. Capreol determined on making an effort to secure the arrest of the Inurdprers, whom he sus- pected had taken pas agf' to the e nited States. Hp immediately rushed out of the house to obtain aid frOln the police. He firRt went to the police station, but failed to get any satisfaction from thp officpr in charge or to induce those at the office to Inake any effort to arrest the Inurdererl'i. He then decided to do so himself. :i\[eeting a friend, he explainpd the case and asked him to join with him, which he positively c1ec1ineå to do. He then went to the house of the mayor, the Honorablf' Henry Sherwood, and after con- siderable effort succeeded in awakening him, and after hearing 1\11'. Capreol's report he ahm declined to take any action. He then proceeded to the Church Street wharf to induce the captain of thp Transit to get up steam and takp him oyer to Lewiston, which he declined to do unles he was paid one hnnòl'prl donars. 1\[1". Capl'eol told him he 196 OP TORO:XTO OF OLD would gh e him his cheque, which was refn ed, and handing Captain Richardson all the money he had with hinl ($13.00), told him to get up steam and promised to return with the rest of the Inoney. After meeting a wealthy friend and stating his case to him, he again Inet with refusal. Almost baffled, he then determined to apply to a 1\11'. Ogilvie (predecessor of .Michie & Co., Limited), who lived over the store on King Street "'"est, but he could not succeed in awakening )11'. Ogilvie, who dept in thp hack part of the house, by knocking at the door on King Street, and so he went to the rear of the house on l\lelinda Street, and after tremendous efforts he succeeded in scaling a high brick wall and found hiInself in the yard, but could not even then succeeù in awakening :\11'. Ogilvie, whose bedroom was on the second torey and who was a very souIHl slpeper. Noticing that there waR a rainpipe from the roof running within a few feet of )Ir. Ogilvie's window, at great pl'r ona I riRk and with ml1 h difficulty he H1u'cpeded in elimhing up tlw pipe till Ill' could get hold of the venetian blinds, which were lIPId hack agaiuRt the wall by strong stapl(' . Hp su('rpe(]pd in obtaining a foot- holel 011 the sill, awl "ith tlU' hladp of his 197 RECOI.JLECTIONS AND RECORDS knife raised the sash of the window so that he could get his :fingers under it, and the next instant pushed up the sash and stepped into the roonl. "l\lr. Ogilvie, on being awakened, sup- posing the intruder to be a burglar, jumped up and clutched him by. the throat, and was about to hurl him from the window when he recognized the face of his friend. )11'. Ogilvie stood in astonishment, looking at this strange visitor, who Rtood before hinl bare-headed, with bloody hands and torn gar- Inents. On )11'. Capreol explaining the situa- tion, l\Ir. Ogilvie readilJT handed him twenty- one sovereigns. Borrowing a pair of trousers and a hat, )11'. Capreol hastened to make his return to the boat, which he found waiting and ready for operation." )fr. Capreol, accompanied by l\Ir. Kings- mill, the high bailiff, crossed to Lewiston and succeeded in arresting hoth IcDermott and the woman in the hotel. They were tried and found guilty. )1cDermott was executed on N overnber 21st, 1843, at the old Berkeley Street jail. Grace l\1arks was sent to jail for life and was pardoned after she had been over forty years in the penitentiary and when she was quite an old woman, after which she went to the United States. 198 F. t'. l'_U'la:() L. OF TOROXTO OF OLD Executions then and for some time after wel.e public and witnessefl hy great crowds of people drawn by CUl'jo ity, numbers of WhOll1 came in from the country and sur- rounding towns. :i\[r. l{innear was a friend of my father's, and I have a clear recollection of the mur- der, al o of )Ir. Capreors remarkable efforts to securp the arrest of the murderers. tHH RECOLLECTIO S A D RECORDS CHAPTER XXIX. THE GAS COJIPANY. ILLUMINATIXG gas was discovered by 'Yilliam )1 urdock, who in 1792 distilled coal in an iron retort and conducted the gas seventy feet through tinned-iron and copper tubing to light his house at Redruth, Cornwall. In 1797 he lighted his house at Old Cumnock, and in larch, 1798, he lighted Boulton and 'YaUs' premises at Soho, near Birmingham. The city of Lon- don was first lighted with gas in 1807, Paris in 1819, and Brussels in the same year. The first gas conlpany in the United States was organized in Baltimore in 1816, and a char- ter was obtained in 1823 by the Boston Gas Company, but the works were not con- structed until 1828, and gas was supplied on January 1st, 1829, when the first public lalllp were lighted. The inauguration of the illumination was the occasion of a remarkable demonstration, in which the Inayor and aldermen shared, to congratulate the gas company and to promise them every possible assistance. In 1823 a charter was 200 OF TOROXTO OF OLD granted to thp Nt'w York Has Light COIU- pany, but gas was not Inanufac ured until a Hhort time after its introduction in Boston. Gas was first supplied in Halifax in 18-13, Quebec in 1849, Kingston in 1850, and IIamil ton in 1851. The first place in Canada in which gas was introduced was the dty of )lontreal, and it was supplied from works owned and operated by the late 1\11'. Albert Furniss a short time prior to 1842. Gas was first sup- plied in Toronto on December 19th, 184], from works situated at the foot of Princes Ìl'cet, hy the salHe energctic and enterpris- ing dtizPll, undcr the name of the" City of Toronto Has, Tjght and "Yater Company." The writl'l' well remembers, when a small boy, jumping OV(-1r the trenches where the pipes were being laid in that year. )luch di satisfadiou having been expressed on ;l('('OUllt of the high pri('(' ( :>.O() pel' tllOu- sanù) amI the poor qualit Y of thE:' gas, on Sept(-1mh(,J' 17th, 1847, " a meeting- of the I!as light tonStlllH'I'H and otlH'r inha bitantH of the dt:y waH eal If-a to considcr the propri('ty of (\stablishing a ncw gas light company," awl snh cl}twntly it WHH rp!':oln'd to forlll a (,oJllpan ' to lw called .. Thl' COllHUmCl's' Gas Com pH n '. " 201 RECOLLECTIO S .AXD RECORDS The following extract from the report of the committee to obtain subscribers will give some idea of the general feeling of dis- satisfaction which existed. In referring to the necessity of the formation of the new company, the report says: " It is generally admitted to be absolutely necessary for the accolllmodation of the citizens, so as to insure them a constant supply of wholesome gas at a reasonable price, and thus relieve them from being dependent, as at present, on a very uncertain supply of a very impure article at a most extortionate price." In one of the reports of the comnlÎttee they express their confidence that" within a few short months it (the city) will enjoy at 10s. currency ($2.00) per thousand feet, instead of 25s. ($5.00) now charged, a gas light as pure and brilliant as is to be met with in the United Kingdom." Unfortunately this anticipation was not realized until 1877, the price up to the fourth year of the cOlupany's operations being $-1.00 and for several years after $3.33 1-3 per thousand, in addition to lueter rental. On October 29th, 1847, a generalllleeting of the subseribers was held and a board of twelye directors appointed, whose names are giyen helow, 31r. Charles Berczy, then Post- lllaster, being elected President; Richard 202 OF TOROXTO OF OJ D Kneeshaw, Yice-President, and John Wat- son, Secrptary. Directors: Charles Berczy, Postmaster; IIugh Scobie, publisher and editor of the British Colonist). Hugh :l\IiIIer, druggist; Jamps Beaty, leather merchant; John T. Smith, hotelkeeper; E. F. '''nitte- more, merclwnt; George C. Horwood, hotel- keeper; Richard Kneeshaw, druggist; Peter Paterson, dry-goods merchant; Richard y ate , gro<:cr anù tea nlerchant; R. H. Brett, hardware merchant, and David Paterson, hardware merchant. On lalTh 2nd the Company obtained an Act of incorporation with an authorized capital of f50,OOO current'Y ($ OO,OOO), the dividends being limiteù to 10 ppr cent. per annum. Suhsequently, negotiation were entpred into with )11'. Furniss for tllt-' pur- chase of the works of the City of Toronto Gas, Light and 'Yater (10mpany, which pur- cha e was <:onsllßlmated in the month of ,T nnl', 1 -!8, thp amount of thp purchase money hping f ,OOO, or ,OOO. Hithprto gas ha.l been supplied both by meter and by flat l'atp l:ontract, which arrangclllPnt waR continupd for ollle tillle. It is somewhat allln ing to read the stipula- tions laid down when gas was supplipfl by contract. "Ijghting must not conlnlence on any day until the SUll has et, and an 203 RECOLLErTIONS A:8D RECORDS lights nlust be extinguished each night within ten minutes after the hour con- tracted for. If otherwise, they will be held as used for an additional hour each night, and for the quarter ehal'ged accordingly. In 1ike luanner, if the flame is allowed to burn higher than stipulated a correspond- ing price will be charged, and if on any orca- sion nlore burners or jets are used than con- tracted for, the additional number will not only be charged hut the offender will besides subject himself to a penalty provided for by the statute." Somewhat similar conùitions prevailed in )Iolltreal, where in addition a di coun1 was allowed from the prices eharged to shareholders of th Company, ranging frotH 6 per cent. on owners of on to five shal'ø and to 25 per cent. on holders of one h nndred shares. The price of gas pel' thousand was 1213. Ud. ($2.50) with no meter charges to parties consuming f6 ($24) and over per ann urn. The works purcha ed from Ir. Furniss were liInited in extent and of a very crude nature. In 1855 the Company erected COlll- plete new works on another property, regarding which the Directors' report says: " These works are considered by all who have examined them to be equal, if not sUIwrior, to any on the contiuC'nt, and arC' capable of 204 OF TORO TO OF OLD still further extension when required, the plan of the works having bcen laid out ,vith a view of supplying a population of over one hundrcd thousand." In 1887 and 1888 (the ycar of the visit of the .Ameriean Gas T.ight .A ociation) the Company erected another complete set of works having, with the works already con- structed, a total proùucing and holder capacity of ten million cubic feet per dieul. 'Yhen I entcred the clllployment of tllC Gas Company in 1854 the office staff con- sisted of the managcr and two clerks. Therc were four gasfitters, about a dozen luain and service pipe layers and about twenty men at thp works. In Deceulber, 1913, it con- sisted of the following: Office staff ......,................. 93 Meter readers and bill deliverers. . .. 32 Collectors ........................ 17 Miscellaneous ..................... 6 Meter repairers, pipe layers, etc. .. .. 339 Commercial Department employees. 240 Employees at works............... 690 Total ....................... .1,417 In 18;)3 )Ir. Charles Rf'rczy was Pl'psi- (h-nt; )Ir. E. F. 'Yhittcmore, Vicp-Presi- dent, aml :\[r. Jlenry rr'holllp on, :\Ianag:cr, appointp(} ill .Junp, 18-19. The following were the Directors: l\lessl"s. J ohn #\l'nold, 205 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS gentleman; Charles Berczy, PostInaster; l\Iatthew Betley, dry goods; Charles Jones, retired officer; Hugh )IiIIer, druggist; 'Yil- Ham l\Icl\laster, merchant; Arnold (Abra- ham?) N ordheiuwr, piano manufacturcr; David Paterson, hardware merchant; Peter Paterson, dry goods; John Thomas Smith, hotelkeeper; Ezekiel F. 'Yhittemore, mer- chan t; Richard Yates, grocer. There were 924 meters in use, and the output of gas for thf\ year 1854 (in which year I entered thc service of the Company) was 13,954,000 cubic feet; for the year 1909 (in which I left its scrvice) therc were 55,000 meters, 2,226,163,000 cubic feet out- put, and for the year 1913, 91,284 meters and 3,492,087,000 cubic feet output, and this notwithstanding electric lighting competi- tion. The price of gas in 1854 was $2.50 per thousand, which was rais('(1 to $:3.00 in 1855. The price in 1906 was 7f)c., and in 1911 it was reduced to 70c. Of the above Directors prior to 1867 I have already referrcd at length to )11'. Charles Berczy. :\Ir. E. F. 'Yhittemore, who was one of Toronto's most prominent citi- zens, had many interests and was a sociated with a large number of puterprises; he was a man of great enprgy, husilles capacity and strict integrity, and was a member of the firlll 206 OF TORO TO OF OLD of E. I' . Whittemore and Company (Thomas Rigney, E. F. 'Yhittemore and E. H. Ruth- erford), successors to Thomas Rigney and Company. The firm was dissolved, l\Ir. Rig- ney retiring, and became the firm of -nThitte- more, Rutherford and Company. In 1855 the partnership was dissolved and 1\11'. -nThittemore started a general hanking and brokerage bu iness which, owing to the collapse of the boom of 1857, was not a fin- ancial succes . The bnsinesR of these firms was conducted in a four-storey building at the north-we t corner of King and Toronto Rtreets, owned and erected b ' )lr. "Thitte- more, and which later on was torn down and the huilding occupied until recently h T the Quebec Bank was erecten in its place. :\[1'. -nThittemore died at the early age of forty- one yearR, on Fehruary 19th, 1859. He ,,,as n mnn univprsally esteempd and bis funeral war., one of th InrgeRt that had ever taken place in the dty nnd waR attpnded by nearly nIl of Toronto's prominent citizens. 1\[r. Richard Yates was a grocer and tea mf'rchant. His store wa ca 1led tIw Ea t India HouRe (on King Rtrf'pt three doors ea t of Leader I.auf'), as he dealt principally in teas. He had aR an arlvprtisenwnt. n Cbinesp. man(la,.in in the window howing to the people as they paF:fo:f'd hy. He W R very 207 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS pleasant old gentleman and a prominent :l\Iethodist. He was an uncle to Ir. Jalnes E. Ellis, the jeweller, granduncle to R. Y. Ellis and a greatgranduncle of Iessrs. Philip and l\Iatthew Ellis of the firm of Iessrs. P. w. Ellis and Co. He died in 1867 at the age of sixty-nine years. I shall refer to him hereafter in another connection. As it is not my intention to continue Iny recollections after the middle of the sixties, and as the Presidents of the Company after that date were well-known citizens, I do not think it necessary to say anything regarding them. The following is a list of the Presidents until the present time: Names. Date of Appointment, Charles Berczy. . . . . . . . . . . November 3, 1847. E. F. Whittemore. . . . . . . . . October 27, 1856. Richard Yates. . . . . . . . . . . . March 18, 1859. E. H. Rutherford. . . . . . . . . March 16, 1867. James Austin........... . October 26,1874, Larratt W. Smith........ . March 3, 1897. George R. R. Cockburn..,. September 25,1905. John L. Blaikie. . . . . . . . . . . October 29, 1906. A. W. Austin. . . . . . . . . . . . . March 4, 1912. I sf'rved under all of thf'sP Presidents excepting :Mr. Albert Austin, who is the only one living. 20 F. r. \\ 111 ITnroRE SI'('OIIlI PI'('"ident. ('f)Il<;lImers' (;as ( 'omp.. Il . " " U1CIL\I:D Y.\TES fhil'll Pre!.ident. COIlSIIIlH'rs' GR!I ('omJ!all '. OF TORO TO OF OLD CHAPTEU XXX. LITER_!TUrfE. J.JlUNlf1 A YD ..tRT. THE NEWSPAPERS. THE new spa pers in Toronto in 1850 were The Patriot. a semi-weekly paper, published by lr. Thomas Dalton; The British Colon- Ùst) semi-weekly, of which the editor was )1r. Hugh Scohie; The Globe) semi-weekly, the first number of which was iSf'ued on June 18th, 1844, with the IIonorable George Brown as editor and proprietor; The Ban- ner. which had been puhlished ome tiIne previously under the editorship of )11'. Peter Brown, father of the Honorable Georg Brown, was discontinued (The Globe was originally the Olobe and Banner); The - Xorth tmeri(,(lIl. puhliRhed wef'kly by )[1'. (afterwards Honorable) "'l11iam )[cDou- gall; The E:ram inert weekly, lr. J oReph IiCs lie being the editor and puhlislwr; The Christian Guardian. Rev. Oeol'gp R. Rander- ROIl, editor, the organ of the :Methodist Church, anù the oldest newf'paper in Toronto, its puhlif':1tion having eOlllllwncpd 14 209 RECOLLECTIO S A:ND RECORDS in 1829; The .ðlirror) the organ of the Roman Catholic Church, published by l\1r. Charles Dunlevey; The Co nadian Agriculturalist) published by l\Ir. (Ron.) "TiIliam [cDou- gall. The publication of "The Canadian Almanac" cOIDlnenced a little prior to 1850 by Ir. Hugh Scobie; it has !';uhsequently been published by Scobie and Balfour, Thomas l\IcLear, 'v. C. Chewett and COln- pany, and by the Copp, Clark rompany, Limited, from 1870 down to the prpsent time. About this time Pundz in Canada was commenced hy l\Ir. T. B. de 'Valden. There was a paper published in Streetsville caUeiJ The Streetsville Review, which had a vel'," large circulation in Toronto, the editor being the Rev. R. J. IcGpol'g'e, a minister of the Church of England. A considera hIe portion of the paper was taken np with municipal affairs and othpr lnatters of inter- est in Toronto, which were discussed in a very witty and humorous style. The New York Albion (a pro-British paper) had also a very large circulation here, and the Kings- ton British 1rhi!l and the New York Spir'it of the Times were also popular papers. The English papers most in favor were The London Times) The Illustrated London Þlews) and Punch. 210 OF TORO TO OF OLD LITERATURE. ..\s for literature, amongst the Canadian writers that I can remember was :r.1rs. Rusanna :Uoodie, one of a very remarkable family of six sisters, all of whom were liter- ary, the principal one being :\[rs. Agnes trickland, a prolific writer, whose hpst known work was the historical biography of the Queens of England, whic'h of course hrought her into much prominence. )Irs. )[ oodip emigrated to ranada in 1852 and Iivpd on a backwoods farm ahout ten miles north of Petel'boro. The work by which she is best known is "Flora Lindsay, or TIoughillg It in thp Rush," a graphic and vpr ' interesting story, and really an account of her experience in the backwoods of Canada. .A new illustrated edition of this work ha just becn published. 8he also wrote "J ife in the rlearings VPI'SUS The flush." he was the widow of Sheriff )[oodie of R(>lIeville and mother of )[1'. R. R. )[oodip, Agpnt of the Intercolonial Hail way, TOI'onto, with WhOlll she liycd on "Tilton (1I'escent, and wherp she died in 1885. I have frl quf'ntly seen the old lady sitting on thp porch on sumnwr afternoons. Another i t('r, )Ir . Catherine Parr Traill, wrotf' .. I ost in tlw nackwoods .. and "ricturl' of 211 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS Life and Scenery in Canada," some of which was fiction, although much of it real life. She a1so wrote other works. She settled at Rice Lake, about ten miles north of Peterboro. Dr. Egerton Ryerson wrote" The Loyal- ists of America and Their Times," and is well known as a prolific writer on Inany subjects. :l\Iajor John Richardson, a Cana- dian, who was a brave soldier and fought in the 'Yar of 1812, was the Canadian corre- spondent of the Times, and wrote" Ecarte " and "'Y acousta," the latter a thrilling Indian story of considerab1e merit, of which a new edition was issued about a year or two ago. He also wrote a number of other works. I remember the )Iajor, who visited at our home in Kingston in 1811. Almost everyone knows of Judge Haliburton, the author of "Sam Slick" and "The Clock l\Iaker." Another writer of considerable merit was "ïlIiam Kirby, who came to Can- ada in 1832. His principal work, written in 1877, was the" Golden Dog" (" IÆ Chien d'Or "), a story of old Quebec, a most thrill- ing historical novel. He resided for a long time at Niagara, where he died in 1906. In 1836 there was a Literary Club in Torunto of which Sir Francis Bond Head was the patron. An Ethical and Literary 212 OF TOROXTO OF OLD Society was formed in the same year, the objects being the reading of essays on ethi- cal and literary subjects and debating on questions iYen out for discussion. The most popular books of fiction in the forties were the novels of rharles Dickens Bnlwer-Lytton, Sir ""alter Scott, Captain )lal'l'yat and FeninlOre Cooper, ::\IiSR Edge- worth's tale , " andford and lIerton " and " The Arabian Sights." 1lJSIC. There were vocal and instrumental music masters in the Upper Canada College and a Philharmonic Rociety was organized ome- where about 1 -!8 or 1 -!9, of which Dr. G. W. Strathy was the conductor and pian- iRt. According to Rowsell's Directory of 1850 the officers, etc., of this society were the following: Patrons-His Excellency the Governor-General and the Hon. Chief Justice Robinson. President-The Hon. Mr. Justice Draper. Vice-Presidents-George Dupont Wells and Dr. Holmes. Committee-Instrumental, A. S. Nordheimer, J. Ellis, J. Cochrane and H. Eccles; Vocal, W. L. Perrin, J. W. Brent, L. W. Smith and George Draper. Henry Rowsell, Treasurer; - Purdy, Secretary. In 18:51 (largely through the influence of the Uev. Dr. )[CCaul, President of the 213 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS University, Dr. J. P. Clarke and :Mr. John Ellis) another society was organized called "The Toronto Vocal and lusical Society," of which I was a member, the conductor and pianist being Dr. Clarke and the orchestra leader 1\11'. Ellis, who was a very fine player on the violoncello. Dr. Clarke was a musi- cian of considerable eminence and was organist of St. James' Cathedral in 1849 and subsequently of the Roman Catholic Cathedral. In 1871 he was conductor of the newly organized Philharmonic Society and was succeeded by Dr. F. H. Torrington. The first officers of this society were the Rev. Dr. 1\IcCaul, President; lr. Robert 1\Iarshall, Vice-President; )11'. John Hague, Secretary, and ,Yo H. Pear::;on, Treasurer. :No one in those early days, or later, did more to prOlllote the interests of music in Toronto than the Rev. Dr. )lcCaul, who himsf'If had considerable musical talent anù was no mean performer upon the piano. I-Ie took part in organizing the various lllusical societies, not only in the forties and fifties, but much more recently. He was largely instrumental in arranging a concert which was held in the large drill shed in the grounds of the Parliament Buildings about 1866, when the massed bands of the regi- ments in the city took part, in addition to 214 OF TOUOXTO OE" OLD sonle pl"ominent vocalists. lIe also took con8iderahle part in organizing the Philhar- monic Sodety (of which he was the first President) in 1871. His geniality and tact, and his addresses puncÌlu"ed with many witty remarks, nlade him exceedingly popular with the lllembers of the various societies. One of the leading vocalists in the forties and fifties was )1r. J. Doodsly Humphrey, who had a "Very fine tenor voice and was a teacher of "Vucal musk in the Upper Canada College. Ir. Frederick Griebel was also prominent amongst the lllusicians as a violinist. Prominent amongst the lady vocalists wW: )Ii:ss Hagerman (afterwards Il's. .John Beyel'lf'Y Hoùinson), who "Tas a highly cultivat{'fl singer and had a remark- ahly fine soprano voice, and who readily gave her services in aid of Inany benevolent and philanthropic objects. leer attractive presence and beautiful voice never failed to Secure the admiration and applause of her audiences. 'Yhen Jenny Lind visited th{' Clifton IIousp, iagara Falls, )Irs. Roùin- son was a guest at the same time, and while there ng SOUle pieces which were over- heard by Jenny I illd, who sent for her and complimented IIPr H:,ry highly. Toronto was favored with a visit from .J{'nny Lind in 1 ;)1, the coneert heing hpld 215 RECOLLECTIO S A D RECORDS in St. Lawrence Hall. Of course her fame had long preceded her, both as regards her wonderful singing and benevolence, which Barnum, who organized her tours, took good care to fully advertise. Her coming was looked forward to with great expectation. At the sale of the tickets, which took place at NordheÎlner's, the store had to be barri- caded to keep back the crowd, amongst whom there wa.s much shuffling and crush- ing in order to obtain admission. Several speculators bought up a number of the tickets and held them at fabulous prices, expecting to realize a good profit on them, but not being able to dispose of them as they expected, a number were left on their hands. Just b"fore the concert they were offered for süle at reduced prices, when I procured one for three dollars (the original price was two dollars and fifty cents). The only piece the name of which I renlember wa.s "Coming Through the Rye," which Jenny Lind sang with a slightly for- eign accent. In addition she, of course, sang a number of operatic and other selections, and her marvellous singing greatly impressed and thrilled me, as it did the rest of the audience. In appearance she was somewhat above medium height, with blonde hair and rather 216 OF TOHO:XTO OF OLD plain features, which were relieved by a ycry sweet exprc:s:sion. But what impressed Ine as luuch as anything elsp was her unassuming manner. I understood that at this time she was twenty-eight years of age. I have always heen glad that I had the privilege of hearing her sing. TOl'on to was even then fa vOl'ed with visits by musical urganization frOlll other places. I l'ememUl'r mnongst others, latp in the forties, one by the "Germania 8ocicty," a company of Gcrmans, who gave a very fine concert. ART. Up to 1 30 hut little progress had been madc in art in Toronto, and comparatively fpw péùl'le had money to :spend on picturcs. TI1Crc werc, howevpr, two portrait paintel's who did " Cloy good work-)1cssrs. Derthon andllopner IeYl'I" There was also another portrait painter named Tinsley, who painted a portrait of my motllPl' at Kingston in 1 -11. Paul Kane, with whom I was wcll acquaintcd, waR an artist of considerabLe ahility who Rpen1 mo t of his lifl' in Toronto, I n his hoyhood days he consorted with the )Ii sissauga Indians, whose wigwams were on a eIearetl piece of land near the mouth of thp Don. In tIll' thirties he followed the 217 RECüI.JI.JECTIONR A:XD RErORDS business of coach, sign and house painter at 158 King Street. In 1841, in his thirtieth year, he went to Europe to study, where he remained for four years making copies of the works of the great masters. On return- ing to Canada he decided to paint a series of paintings illustrative of the North Ameri- can Indians, and went to the Hudson Bay Territory for four years, where he executed a "number of paintings of Indian life, both landscape and portrait, by which he acquired a distinguished reputation throughout the :N orth American continent. On his return he gave an exhibition of his work in one of our public halls, which I saw. He also issued a volume of illustrated travels entitled" "Tanderings of an .\rtist .\mong the Indians of North America," by which he obtained a recognized position in the lit- erature of British art. His paintings were purchased by the IIonorable G. "T. Allan, and afterwards passed into the hands of Sir Edmund Osler, by whoDl they were pre- sented to the Roya] Ontario )1useum of Archæology in connection with the Toronto University, where they now are. I frequently had conversations with 1r. Kane regarding thf' :Korth-'Vest, and learned from him a great deal about its clinlate, fer- tility and possibilities, of which he spoke in 218 OF TOROXTO OF OLD glowing terms, and of the habits and cus- toms of the aborigine " )Ir. Kane died in 18.1. lIe was the son of a soldier, who kept a spirit store on the west side of Y onge Street between King and \delaide Streets, his sign being" Kane, SpiI"it Store." Then thcre was a yerv crood da o'uerreo- " t"'> 0 typer and photographer, Eli J. Palmer. lIe took my daguerl"eotype as far back a in ] -!., and two others in 1833, which are still in a good state of preservation. ßpforc dagucrreotypes were taken, profiles uscd to bc cut out in silhouette by artists skilled in such work, who went about the country (.uUing out pictures. lr. Palmer bad a large t' tabliHhlllent and did very excellcnt work. lIe and tht' X otmans, of )[ontreal, wcre anlOngst thc earliest who took photographs, which long since super- ('(lp(l daguerl'cotypPs. 219 nECOLI.ECTIO R AND RECORDS CHAPTER XXXI. THE EDUOATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. THE UNIVERSITY. OF all the educational institutions in Toronto the Uni\ersity is, of coursc, the lllOst important. To give anything like a history of the University of Toronto would require a vohllue, and it would be out of my province to hcre present more than the lUerf'st sketch. I am simply referring to it as one of the institutions of "Toronto of old" which I consider I should not pass by ill silence, and what I shall say will be nwrely a summary drawn largely fl'Olli an account by Dr. Loudon, and which I trust will be of SOllie intcrest. According to Dr. Loudon, the recent PrC'sident of the University, 550,274 acrcs of thp "waste lands" of the Crown were appropl"Ïatcd in 1799 by the British Govern- luent for the maintf'uance of four Grammar Schools in different sections of the Province and the University; at least one-half of the whole grant was for purposes of the Univer- sity. rp to 1819 the Lniversity project 220 OF TOROXTO OF OLD made but little progress. In 1828 the exchange of a portion of the original grant of lands for an equal portion of the more val uable " Crown Reserve" was made. In 1827 a charter was granted for a Uni- yersity under the title of "The University of I(ing's ColI gC'"" By C"prtain proyision of th chartC'r the rnivel'sit.r wa. practically made a rnh"ersity of the Church of England. This cau ed a gl'(>at agitation (rf'ferred to in tile article on the Victoria rniversity), and in 1837 a cOlilpromise was agreed upon hy whiC'h no l'pligious test was required of th(> proff'ssors or llipmhers of the Council other than a declaration of helief in the Trinity and thf' divine inspiration of th(> C'l'iphll"f'S, and 110 religious tes1 was rC'quil'erl of students or graduatC's. In eonsequellce of the controversy referred to aud of tht' IH'C,"ailillg uncertainty regard- ing the future of higher (>ducation, in 182D an f'ndOWlllpnt was maòp to the Upper Can- ada ColIC'ge of G2,mW acréS and a building itp. In 1 3f) the )r(>thodi t Upppr Canada AC'a(h>lllY was inC'orporatt>d, and opC'ned in ihp sanl(' year. In 18-!1 authority wa given to ("onfPJ' (h>gl'PPH and it::; namf' was <:hanged to Yid01.ia Collpg'p. Tn lS3!) thp Pl'(>sitlent ohtaÏIH'd a dwrtl'l' for thp TTnÏ\TC'rsity of QlWCIl.S ('ulll'g'c at Killg: ton. In 1837 the 221 RECOLLECTIONS ,AND RECORDS Regiopolis College had been incorporated as a Roman Catholic seminary at .Kingston and obtained a univf'rsity charter consider- ably later on. In 1842 the corner-stone of King's College was laid with great cere- mony in the Queen's Park by Sir Charles Bagot, bein only a part of one of the build- ings for which plan:-; had been lllade, and it was only occupied for a comparatin>ly short time (see referf'nce to this on page ()ü), and on April 8th, 1843, under the presidency of Dr. Strachan, inaugural services were held and the work of teaching began in the old Parliament Buildings on Front Street, pending the completion of the wing of the new building. In 1849 a Bill providing for complete secularization of the enivPl':-;Îty, introduced by the Honorable Robert Baldwin, was passpd and the name changf'd from I{:ing's {jollege to the Cniversity of Toronto. In consequence of a provision in the Act of 18-1:9 for the incorporation of the Colleges nanled, on the condition of their abandon- ing degree-conferring powers, they remained independent. In 1853 a new Act was passed by which the institution was to be reorganized aftpr thp modpl of the rniversity of Londo}) into two pl'actiea lly illdPlww1pIl t parts. First, 222 OF TORONTO UF OLD an examining and degree-conf rring body "ith the naJlle of the University of Toronto and controlIpd by the Scnate, and second, a teaching hody with thc nam of thc Uni- versity Collegc and controlled by thf' Pre i- dent and professor8. "Thc various dcnom- inational Colleges wpre then affiliatcd. :Moreover, it was provided that all unf'X- pended income fUIHls each year should con- stitute a fund which might be appropriated by Parlianwnt for academical f'ducation in the University rollege, thus constituting for the denominational Colleges a spccies of reversional claim on the endowment." Apart from HOmf' changes of a 8ubol'dina te nature the constitution of the Provinf'Ïal TTniversity rC'maincd practicalJy unaltercd until 188'7, whcn the Act was pasHt:'d known a the Fcdel'a tion Act, to unit thf' various flpllominational institutes with the Univer- sity of Toronto. Yarious institutions, such as the School of Pl'artÏeal Science, the Agri- cultural Collegf', ptc., havf' a180 cnÌ<'l'f'd into affiliation with the University. The present University building was In'gun in IS;).. and occupied in 1 3!), the ardlitf'l'ts ht'ing' 1f'8Srs. Cumlwrland anò StOI"IU, of Toronto. Its total cost was a33,B07, and it is ('onsidl'red to be the fin- ('st 8inglf' university huilc1ill in America. On 223 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORD February 14th, 1890, the whole of the Uni- versity, with the exception of the Physical Science Department, was destroyed by fire, together with the library of nearly thirty- five thousand volumes, containing many rare editions of general works and many docu- ments connected with Canadian history. Thp causp of this fire was never fully explained. The Biological building was erected in 1890 at a cost of $129,745 and the Chenlical in 1895, tosting $82,000. After the fire of 1890 a separate edifice was erected in 1892 for the library at a cost of $100,000. Through the liberality of l\1rs. )Iassey-Treble a magnificent School of IIousehold Sciencp has been erected at a cost of about $300,000. In addition to these buildings are the Convocation Hall, the Ph:pdcs buildin ', the School of Practical Science, the )Iining, :l\Iedical and Engineering buildings, the University Young ::\Ien's Christian .Associa- tion, the l\Ius('urn, and, in process of con- struction, a GJTmnasium, Dining Hall, Union Building and Theatre, the last four being a gift from the Hart 4\. Iassey estate, all comprising a group of buildings on the campus probably unexcelled on the contin- ent. Other buildings are the )!en's and "r ompn's Residences, Pathological building, 224 OF TORONTO OF OI.D the Forestry and Botany huilding and the University Schools and Faculty of Educa- tion Department. .At the time of writing ( 1arch, 1914) therp are 3,89-1: students enrolled in the various departments. Thp first President was the Rpv. Dr. Strachan, rr sident of l{:ing's College from 1827-4 ; the second, the Rev. .J ohn IcCaul, J..L.D., 18-19-80; the third, Sir Daniel "'"il- on, T J .D., 1880-90, of tlw University Col- lege, and of hoth University CoIlegè and Cniversity of Toronto, 1890-92; Profe sor .James Loudon. :\LA., J T .D., held the joint Presidency from 1892 to 1!)Q9. In June, 1909, Professor Rohert \. Falconer, ('.)I.G., r.A., 1.L.D., waf': appointed Presiòpnt of the rniversity of Toronto, and Professor Iaurice Hutton Prineipal of {"'"nhTer ity College. TRINITY COLLEGE. The following account is taken frOlll an article on the College written hy th late' Profe Ror ""ïniam Clarke: On account of th abolition of re1igiou teaching in King's rollege, which had pre'- viously an Anglican Professor of Divinity, Bishop Strachan determined to found a university with the pro\ision for re1i dou f'rlncation under th Church of England, 15 225 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS and he succeeded in obtaining a Royal Char- ter for Trinity College; $100,000 was sub- scribed in Canada, and the Bishop, although sevent.y-two years of age, went to England, and through his advocacy obtained contri- butions of :f9,000 fronl thp Society for the PrOlllotion of Christian Knowledge and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and a grant of :f400 and seven and one-half acres of land for a site. The building was designed by ::\Ir. Rivas Tully, architect, and on l\Iarch 13th, 1851, the tender of :l\Iessrs. l\Ietcalfe, " iIson and Forhes for :f7,845* was accepted. The first sod was turned by the Bishop on l\Iarch 17th and the corner-stone laid on April 30th with great ceremony. The service was first held in St. George's rhurch, and the Bishop, clergy and congregation marched in proces- sion along Queen StrC'f'1 to the site' of the College. A bottle, with coins and docu- ments to be placed under the corner-stone, was handed to the Bishop by Doctor Burn- side, and Chief T nstice Robinf':on read the inscription on the brass plate. · This amount may appear to be ridiculously small, and possibly the contract was for brick and masonry only. H of course must be borne in mind that the cost of building in 1851 was not half of what it is to-day. 2 OF TORONTO OF OLD The original trustees were Rev. H. J. Grasett, Gf'orge ,Yo Allan and Lewis Iof- fatt, and the treasurers the Honorable George Crookshank, the Honorable "J'llIiam Allan and the Honorable James Gordon. The corner-stone was laid by the Bishop and an address was delivered by Sir Allan IacNab, congratulating the Bishop. The building was ready for use by the beginning of 1852. The Collegf' was inaugurated .Jann- ary 15th, 1852. The firRt Provost was the Rev. George 'Yhittaker. On his resignation in 1881 the Rev. C. "T. Body, :\I.A., was appointed Provost. [r. Eml;\' rf'signed in 1894 and was succeeded by the Rev. E. A. Welsh, I.A., on October 18th, 18!)5, who resigned at the end of 1SÛ8. Thf' present Provost, the Rev. T. Stree1 )[acklem, was appointed on 3Iay 1st, 1900. VICTORIA rOLLEGB. From an article written by Chancellor Burwash : The TTpper Canada Academy was oppneù at Cobourg in 1836, with thf' Rf'v. Dr. )Iat- the\\" RicheJ" a Principal, who was suc- ceedf'd by the Rey. Jesse Hurlburt in 1839. On August 27th, 1841, the School, by .Act of Provinrial Parliament, was endowed with 227 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS university powers and became Victoria Col- lege. The Rev. Dr. Ryerson was appointed first Principal on October 21st of the same year. As Queen's College was opened on :l\Iarch 7th, 1842, and King's (the then Pro- vincial College under the control of the Church of England) on June 8th, 1843, Vic- toria was, therefore, the first university in the Province. In 1845 the Rev. Alexander ::\IcXabh, D.D., was appointed Principal and resigned in 1849, and in 1850 the Rev. S. S. Nelles, l.A., was appointed. He died in 1884 and was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. N. Burwash, who resigned in 1913, when he was succeeded by Professor Bowles, l\l.A. In 1890 Victoria College, with Knox, 'Yycliffe and St. l\Iichael's, was confeder- ated with the Provincial University. Vic- toria College was removed to Toronto and opened in October, 1892. In addition to the main building are the following: The Library and Burwash Hall, gifts from the Hart A. l\{assey estate; Annesley IIall, the women's residence, the gift of l\Irs. )fassey- Treble. KNOX COLLEGE. Knox College originally occupied threp three-storey buildings on Front Street called the Ontario Terrace, previously pri- 228 OF TORO TO OF OLD yate residences, and which were all thrown into one and suhsequently forllled part of the present Queen's Hotel. The Rev. :Michael 'Yillis, D.D., was Professor of Systematic Thpology, Biblical Criticism and Pastoral Care; the Rev. Dr. Robert Burns, Lecturer on Ecclesiastical IIistory; the Rev. Henry ERson, Professor of :l\Iental and :Moral Phil- osophy, and J. I. Hirsrhfelder, teaehel' of Jlebrew. The Toronto Academy, in connec- tion with Knox College, established in lS-lß, occupied a one-storey building in the rear. The Principal was the Rey. .Alexander Gale, A. I., and the econd nlaster )Ir. ThOlnas IIenning (a brother-in-law of the Honorahle Georg'fl Brown). A large number of prom- ÏIwnt Torontonians received their early education in this school. The Collegp was suùsequently renloved to ElmslflY YiUa on Y onge Street nortll of Col1PgP .Avenue, and was incorporated as a Pllivcl'sity in 1R:>8. The prespnt College was erected in ]874 or 187:>, thp Rev. Dr. 'Villiam Caven being appointed Principal in 1873. IIp dipd on December 1st, 1904. He was su("('ppdpfl hy the Rev. Dr. 'ViI1iam )IcI.Jêlren, who reRignpd iu 1UOU, and was succPcflf.d hy the Rev. ...\lfred Oandier, in l)PCPllI hpr, 1909. 229 RECOI..LECTIONS AND RECORDS VYCLIFFE COLLEGE. The Rev. J. P. Sheraton, D.D., was appointed Principal in 1877 and was suc- ceeded by Rev. Canon O'l\Ieara, LL.D., the present Principal, in 1906. The present building was erected in 1891 and the College was affiliated with the Cniversity in 1889. Icl\IA TEn COLLEGE. The Toronto Baptist College, which was opened in 1881, and the 'Y oodstock College were united under the name of the Ic Ias- ter University on April 23rd, 1887. The union came into effect on :Xovelllber 1st fol- lowing. The first Chancellor was )Ialrolm 1c Vicar, Ph.D., LI.J.D., 1887-90, the second, Theodore H. Rand, I.A., D.C.L., Chancellor and Principal ex officio) 1892-5, and thp third, Oates C. S. Wallace, I.A., D.D., LI.J.D., Chancellor and Principal, eæ officio) 1893. Dr. 'YaI1ace was succecded by A. C. :l\IcKay, I..L.D., and he by A. L. :McCrimmon, I.A., I.L.D., the present flhancellor and Principal, e.-I' officio. N ORl\IAL SCHOOL. TIle l' ormal School was originally situ- a teel on I(ing Strect west of Simcoe Street, afterwards the location of the Governmcnt 2:30 OF TORO TO OF OI.D Honse, and the present N orillal School was erected in 1851 or 1 ;)2, originally a two- storey building. The head master was Thomas Jaffray Robertson and the Illathe- matical ßlaster Henry YOllle I1ind. The )lodel School in connection with the :K or- mal Rchool was, I think, also situated in tlIP same locality; the senior teacher was )1r. \.. ::\lcCalhull and the assistant teacher 311'. John Sangster. 3Ir. ,John Boyd's Commercial Academy on Bay Street was perhaps the most important private school in the city and the number of scholars was somewhere about one hundred. I attendpd this school in 1840-1, when Sir pJ ohn lloyò, the son of thp principal, and Thomas Thompson were my fellow school- mates. I considered 31r. Boyd a somewhat austere man, but he wa a very excpll('nt teacher. He appointed boys monitors over differpnt sections of thp school, which was certainly a unique feature in school govern- ment. On one occasion when John (now Sir John) Boyd was monitor he reported me and I got a whipping. On reminding him of this some time ago he said that he had no doubt that I deserved it. Some othpr schools were the I Iome District (ha III mar School on the west siùe of Jarvis 231 RECOI./I./ECTIO:KS AXD REflORDS Street between Adelaid and Richmond Streets, of which Ir. Crombie was the head master; Harte's School on Church Street; Dennis Heffernan's School on Richmond Street; the Roman Catholic School on the east side of J aryis Street between Adelaide and Uichnlond Streets; the Central, or Free Sehool, on the north-west corner of Adelaide and Jarvis Streets; )Iiss Hussey's Boys' 8chool, on the west side of James Street, and Irs. Cockburn's Ladies' School, on thè north- west corner of Duke and Geo....ge Streets. There was another slnall school on the south side of Queen Street, between Bay and York Streets, kept by a lamp man, a l\Ir. Hackett. The e institutions were about all of the sc'hools in the city. 2 2 OF TORO TO OF OLD CH_-\.PTER XXXII. LIQUOR DRINKT)'-G. THE custorn of drinking intoxicating liquor was ver;\' general, and a very large majority of the peoph used either spirits (generally whiskey), beer or wines at the dinner tahle. Even amongst the )[ethodists (principally those frolll the Old Country), who were supposed to be teetotalers, the use of bCPl" as a beverage wa quite COlnmon. In fact, )Iessrs. .J ohn Doel, Joseph Bloor and Oeorge Rowell, all :l\Iethodists, were brewers. Treating was very common. Inste d of tipping a cabman or the driver of a stage, I1p was u mally treated. It was not gen- erally considered disreputable for a gentle- mall to get drunk aftN. dinner. The CustOlll of men making :Kew Year's Day calls wa vpry gPllC'l'al. "ïth refreshlnents wine wa:s usuall;\' served and sOlnetimes stronger bev- eragl's, and it was not an nnCOlllluon sight to see men reeling through the streets and HOlllptimcs upr"oal'iously drunk at the dOfo;e of thè day. The physiological effects of 233 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS alcohol were not then understood, and it was generally thought healthful to take a little wine, beer or spirits, and the use of alcoholic beverages was much more freely recom- mended by the physicians of the time than it is to-day. The number of taverns for the population was exceedingly large. Accord- ing to Walton's Directory of 1837, when the population of the city was only 9,652 there were, in 1836, 76 taverns, or one to every 127 inhabitants, and besides these liquor was sold in most of the groceries. There were about 300 licenses during the sixties, when the population of the city was from 45,000 to 55,000, or about one to every 166 persons. In 1874, when the population was 68,000, the licenses issued were 309 tavern, 184 shop, 24 wholesale and 16 vessel, or one tavern license to every 220 persons, while in 1911, with a population of about 450,000, there were only 110 tavern, 50 shop and 11 wholesale, and no vessel licenses, or only one tavern license to every 4,091 persons, a much more satisfactory condition, which doubtless imposes a considerable check on intemperance. Notwithstanding this, as we all know, there is still a lamentable amount of drunkenness in the city, and it is to be hoped that these reductions will go on until the bar is abolished. "That a bonanza 234 OF TORO TO OF OLD those now holding licenses must have when $25,000 is readily paid for the transfer of the license of a small hotel!* The temperance cause received a great impetus when the celebrated temperance advocate John B. Gough lectured here in 1849. The meetings held in several of the churches were crowded and a very deep interest in the movement created. John B. Gou h was born in England in 1817, and when but twelve years old was sent to ...\merica by his parents. He first worked on a farm in Oneida County, N.Y., and suhse- quently located in Sew York City. 'Yhen a ypry young luan he contracted habits of dissipation, and his drunkenness brought on delirium tremens and reduced him to pov- erty. In 1842 he was induced to attend a temperance meeting and take the pledge, and oou afterwards resolved to devote the remainder of his life to the cause of tenl- pprance, and lectured with great earnest- nps a nd effect in various parts of America (including Toronto), and in 1853 was engaged by the London Telllperance League · The following is a paragraph from the Globe of February 7th, 1914: .. A shop license was transferred recently in this city at the price of $38,000 and a hotel license at the price of $52,000. The bar should be abolished, and the shop with it." 235 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS to lecture for two years in the United King- dom, and was again in England from 1857 to 1860 and in 1878. Referring to him an American writer says: "At this date the nlOst eloquent and effective advocate of the temperance cause now living-John Bartholomew Gough- appeared on the stage. His herculean labors in two hemispheres would have overwhelnled any ordinary man. 'Yith him' words are not elllpty phrases, rhetorical flourishes or sÌlH1ied classicalities,' but genuine overflow- ings of heart power. Dramatic genius, sparkling wit and pathetic Îlnagery abound in all his addresses. A divine hand seems to ha ve developed and guided him in his remarkable career of usefulness. 'Ylth the lapse of years the popular love for l\fr. Gough has turned to popular ven- eration. He is everywhere a favorite in the lecture field. His influence has steadily augmented. Though uneducated, college students, professors, divines, states- men, literati and nobility have enjoyed and profited by his addresses." Cuder hi apppa]:-: I, with many others, became a total ahstainer, and have remained such. As a result of his lectures a wave of tenlperance reform swept through the city 236 OF TOROKTO OF OLD and country at that time, and very many hundreds took the pledge. Two Sons of Temperancf' lodges (the Toronto and Cold- stream divisions) were formed. The mem- bers of thp first were largely young men from amongst the well-to-do falnilies of the city, and this lodge I joined and became its financial scribe. The lodge after a few years' exiRtence was clo l-'d, but the Cold- stream division, organized by the temper- ance people in the western part of the city, is still in a flourishing condition. The impetus given to the temperance movement by thiR marvel10us man can hardly be overestimated and the results of his work here have been continued to the present time. His personal magnetism, powerful appeals, dramatic power, pathos, imagination, flights of oratory, apt illustra- tions and intense zeal ha'\"e perhaps never been surpassed hy any other temperance advocatp, not even hy Father )latthew him- self. )fr. Oough lpctured again in Toronto in the sixties in Cooke's Church. He died on February 18th, 1886, at the ag p of sixty- nine years. Accorrling to the Directory of 1837 there was a Temperance Society, caned" The City of Toronto Temperance Society," estab- 237 RECOLLECTIONS AND RE(:ORDS lished in 1829 and reorganized in 1835, with ])farshall Spring Bidwell, President; J anles Lesslie, Treasurer; Rev. John Beatty, Corre- sponding Secretary; J. H. Lawrence, ecre- tary; the number of menlbers being six hun- dred and thirty-two. Under the direction of this Society was published monthly a paper entitled The Temperance Record and issued from the bookstore of Iessrs. Lesslie on the following terms: City subscribers, 2s. 6d. per annum and country subscribers (including postage) 313. per annum, a reduc- tion being made upon taking a quantity. The terms of the pledge are not given, but most if not all of these early society pledges only prohibited the use of ardent spirits. A Temperance Society called the Upper Canada Temperance Society" was reorgan- ized" in York on June 10th, 1833, of which the Honorable and Right Reverend Lord Bishop of Quebec was the patron and a number of townsmen managers. The pledge taken by the n1eIn bers was as follows: "I pledge myself to abstain from using ardent spirits, and from giving them to others, except they be required for some bodily injury or !'Ipverp indisposition, and I do also pledge myself to a'\"oid excess in the use of every other liqnor." 238 OF TORO TO OF OLD This Sùciety was formed" as a parent one for the Province, taking into the relation of auxiliary any tenlperance society that shall declare its connection with it." This Society appears to have been a dif- ferent one from "Thf' City of Toronto Temperance Sotiety" referred to above. 239 RECOLLECTIO S AND RECORDS CHAPTER XXXIII. A GENERAL YIE'V OF THE CHURUHES IN THE FIFTIES. THERE were twenty-four churches in Toronto and Y orkviIIe in 1850 (oluitting the St. James' Cathedral which was destroyed by fire in 18J9) -a notable increase since 1840, when there were but nine. They were the following: Church of England. St. Paul's Church, Yorkville-Rev. J. G. D. McKenzie. B.A., minister. Trinity, King Street East-Rev. R. 'litchele, B.A., minister. St. George's, John Street-Rev. Stephen Lett, LL.D., minister. Holy Trinity, Trinity Square-Rev. Henry Scadding, M.A., minister; Rev. W. Stennett, M.A., assist- ant minister. St. James' Cathedral, King Street (in course of con- Btruction)-Rev. H. J. Grasett, M.A., rector; Rev. Edmund Baldwin, M.A., assistant rector. 240 OF TOROXTO OF OLD Church of Scotland. St. Andrew's, corner Church and Adelaide Streets- Rev. John Barclay, A.M., minister. Presbyterian Church of Canada. Knox's Church, Queen Street-Rev. Robert Burns, D.D., minister. United Presbyterian Church. United Presbyterian Church, corner Richmond and Bay Streets-Rev. John Jennings, minister. Wesleyan Methodist Church. Adelaide Street, corner Toronto Street-Rev. J. Ryer- son and Rev. A. S. Byrne, ministers. Richmond Street, between Yonge and Bay Streets- Rev. Wm. Squire, minister. Queen Street, near Spadina Avenue-Rev. John Douse, minister. Yorkville-Supplied by Adelaide Street minister and local preachers. Roman Catholic Church. St. Michael's Cathedral, Bond Street-Bishop F. 1\1. de Charbonnell, D.D., minister. St. Paul's, Power Street-Rev. John Carroll, vicar- general, and a number of assistant priests. The Congregational Church. Congregational Church, corner Adelaide and Bay Streets-Rev. John Roaf, minister. 16 2-U RECüLLECTIO:KS AND RECORDS The Methodist New Connexion Church. Temperance Street-Rev. Wm. McClure, minister. Yorkville-Rev. D. D. Rolston, minister. The Primitive Methodist Church. Primitive Methodist Church, Bay Street-Rev. Wil. liam Lyle and Rev. P. Parsons, ministers. The Baptist Church. " Bond Street Baptist, between Queen and Shuter Streets-Rev. James Pyper, minister. The Catholic Apostolic Church. Catholic Apostolic Church, Bay Street near King Street West-Rev. George Ryerson, minister. The Disciples of Christ. Disciples of Christ, corner Shuter and Victoria Streets -Mr. James Beaty (afterwards proprietor of the Leader newspaper) usually officiated. The Unitarian Church. Unitarian Church (formerly the Methodist Church), George Street. The African Episcopal Methodist Church. African Episcopal, Elizabeth Street. The African Baptist Church. African Baptist Church, corner of Queen and Victoria Streets. 2-12 OF TOROXTO OF OLD At this tim there was no disposition 011 the part of the various Churches to frater- nize, and I do not rememher that there was any exchange of pulpits between the ministers of the different denon1Înations, although all of thcm took part at the annual meetings of the Bible ociety, which then were crowded and considered of great importance. There were thre(' hranches of the Presbyterian Church-the Church of Scotland, the Free Church antl the United Prcshytt>rian Church-and four of the )leth- odist Church-the ""YesleyaIl, Xew ('on- nexion, Episcopal and Bible Christian- alltl thf' union of the:st different branches was not even mooted. )Iurh stress was laid upon the doctrinal differences between the Presbyterian and rpthodist Churches, antl any proposition of union between these Churehcs would have madè the followcrs of John Calvin lift up their hands in holy horror. Bnt time has brought ahout grcat changcs, and happily the views of these bodies havp bpcoill(' greatly modificd and there is now every pro pect of a union hping eonsummatefl betwpen the Preshyterian, :Uetho(li t awl f1ongrcgational C'hurcllps. In Toronto and in all the cities of Ontario t1i(' mlhercnts of tIlt:' Church of England 213 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS were numerically much greater than those of any other denomination, and in Toronto in 1851 constituted considerably more than one-third of the ,total population, but the percentage of increase has not kept pace with that of thp :l\Iethodists, Presbyterians and Baptists, as the accompanying table will show. Socially its members were in advance of other denOll1inations, a large pro- portion of the professional men and those occupying high positions in the Government being members or adherents of the Church. The Church at this time was not aggressive or evangelistic. Special services, or "mis- sions," as they are now called by the Church, were unknown. The first evangelistic ser- vices that I can remember were in connec- tíon with St. James' Cathedral and were held in 1877 bJT the Rev. W. S. Rainsford, who had recently arrived frOll1 England and created a great alllount of interest. l\lr. Rainsford was a remarkably hand- sonle man, over six feet in height and of very fine physique; he was an eloquent speaker and preached with lllueh fervor and power; his services were always crowded, and some- times hundreds had to be turned away. He was very popular, especially amongst the young ladies who attended his services, and it is said that he had nearly a closetful of 244 OF TOROXTO OF OLD worked slippers which they sent him. But, alas! he married an English lady, doubtles:s much to their disappointment. He after- wards became assistant minister of St. Jarues' Cathedral and subsequently went to New York, where he becalne the rector of St. George's Episcopal Church. He was most successful and did a grand work, and LecaIne one of the most prominent ministers in that city. In 1810 thC' t. .J allieS' Cathedral was the only Anglican church in the city and its corporation owned a considerablf\ amount of valuahlp pl'opprty, from which a large income was derived. The services of the Cathedral and after- wards other Anglican churchcs were of a simvlp charactpr, and until the coming of the Rev. TIT. 8. Darling as rector of the Holy Trinity Church in 18G8 there were no " nigh" churchc . Therc wa , howevcr, more exclusivene H with rpgard to other denominations than there is to- was of a plain and simple eharacter. The singing wa led by a precentor, and it was amusing to see him using his tuning-fork tu get the right pitch. Such a thing as an organ, or "kist 0' whistles.' (as it was called in Scotland), could not be thought of. As late as about twenty-five years ago SOllle of the younger and more progressive members of Cooke's Church in this city bought a harmoniulll for 246 OF TORO TO OF OLD thp unday {'hool. wh('re it was in use for a short time. On attempting to play it at one of the services the organist found that it would not work and would give forth no sound. On exanlÎnation it was found that the works had been glued up! The opposing party was of course blamed for it, and it naturaJIy created quite a commotion, almost a division in tilt' church, though eventually the pro-urganist party triumphed. :x ow all the Presbyterian churches in the city that I know of have organs, choirs, anthems and some quartette ehoirH. I seldom attended the PresùJterian church, but occasionally heard a serlnon by the Rev. Dr. Burns of Knox Church, who was a very able and earne t minister. I do nut remember attend- ing the sprvices in any other church except- ing the Anglican until the time I joined thl' Iethodist Churt:h in lS5 . I was, however, personally acquainted with most of tllt' ministprs in the city. TIH' ' had organR or harllloniulll in tlwir chnr('hes wlwllev('r they t:ould afford. thpUl. and in 80111(' ('a es, as a nbstitute, a "dolin, bass. viol and flute. I have not y('t heard of the introduf'tion of orchestras in tlH' l\feth()(list (,hurch, as is till' t:asp in HOHlt' of the .AIl 1i('an ehnrelH's. In the Pro- t(' tallt Episcopal ('hurch of :3t. )[ary's 247 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS in :Kew York, whi<:h I visited, they even had a drulll, and I nlust confess that it did not offend my sensibilities. If one instru- lllent is allowed, why not another? Up till about 1860 it was the custom for the min- ister to line the hymns, two lines at a tiIlle, the last two lines sung being repeated; doubtless rendered necessary in the out-door preaching services and the earlier meetings in the chapels to aid those who were without hymn-books. The social status of the adherents and members of the )Iethodist Church was not then as high as it has been for some time past. In fact, to become a luelnber of that Church was to some extent to lose caste. Any" slips" by a :Methodist were usually noted and often magnified, and a slur was cast upon the Church generally. Their churches were called "chapels" by the church members and the general public. There were very few professional men con- nected with the body. Among the lal'g'p membership of the Richmond Street Church there was hut one, a physician, and only two or three in the Adelaide Street Church. There were a few fairly financially suhstan- tial men but none who were wealthy. How- ever, there were men of ability and enter- 248 OF TOROXTO OF OLD prise, some of them hright young men, who subsequently ros to prominpnt positions. The lethodist Church was luuch more strict then than it has been of late years with regard to amuHeuH'nts, attendance at theatres, dancill and c lrd-playing being specifically prohihit('(l in the rules of the Church, which were ",ery generalI,v observed. To have broken tl1eul would ha",e incurrefl thp risk of being disciplined and the loss of status in the Church. These amusements, however, were not =:;pecified in )Ir. ",Yesley's Hull' , hut were con-'red under the head of H taking such diversions as cannot be used in the nanlC of the Lord Jesus." The rule against" the putting on of gold or costly apparel," although genpralI.y ignorpd, was obser,"pd hy Home by whom thp wearing of flowers on their hats or bonnets or having flounces on their dresses wa considerpd worldl.-r. The rult-' prohibiting atÜ'udance at thpatrps, dancing and cartI-playing was expunged by resolution of the General (1on- fcrence some years since, and it appears to me that thp )[ethodists now indulge them- HPlves in thpse alUu euwnts about as nl1H'h as the nlemhers of other rhurches. J...ove Feasts, held quarterly, were gener- ally crowded, admission beiug by the quar- terly ticket of Hlpmhpl'Hhip or a note fronl 249 RECOLLECTIONS .A:KD RECORDS the Ininister. Attendance at class-meeting was a condition of membership. These meetings were attended with more or less regularity by nearly all of the church melll- bers. In fact, converts became members of the church hy joining the classes, there being no public reception of members. ::\lenlbers were not disciplined for non- attendance at class-meetings, but with the assen t of the minister and the leader's meet- ing they were "dropped." There were, however, exceptions made in the case of persons of well-known Christian character, who constitutionally were unable to relate their religous experience before others. In most of the )Iethodist churches class- 111Petings are now attended by only a small percen tage of the members. There were two public services held ùuring the week, a prayer-meeting on :Monday evening and preaching on TI1'ednesday, in addition to class-meetings. For a considerable time after I had joined the rhurch there was a daily prayer-nleeting at seven o'clock in the morning anù occasionally as early as five o'clock. ",Yhile in some of the churches there were literary or debating societies, the lllatter of providing amusements and recreation for tJw young people, for which provision 250 OF TORO TO OF OLD is now made by most of the churches, was then considered beyonù their province. There was not, however, so much need for the churches taking up this work as there is now, as conditions were very diff{\rent. Then most of the young people lived at home. There were but few fac- tories and no hu'ge df'partmental stores which now employ thousands of young people, a very larg{\ proportion of wholn COUlP frOll1 the country and surrounding towns and are living in boarding-houses with but poor accommodation and without suitable companionship; nor were there then such te111ptations as as aiI the young people to-day. There was only one theatre, anù that often closeù for a long time. The Young I\len's and Young .W' OI11en's Christian AssoeÏations and the Young ,V omen's Chris- tian Guild arc now doing a great work in providing recrpation and suitable allluse- mcnts for the nnlltituùe of young people in our city who are without homes, and many of the churt'lws have made provision fOl' thp accomplislnnent of thp ame objects-and yet the ground is not half covered. Having HIP data, I have thought it would be a matter of ome iU{('I'est to here append a comparative statement which I have drawn out of the numerical positions of the 251 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS principal Churches in the City of Toronto decennially from 1851 to 1911: Total Pop., 1851, Total Pop., 1861, Total Pop., 1871. 30,775. 4-1,821. 56,092. No. Per cent, No. Per cent. No. Per cent Ch urch of England. 11,577 37.6 14,125 31.51 20,668 36.8 Methodists. 4,123 13.4 6,976 15.56 9,596 17.1 Presbyteri- ans ... . 4,538 14.7 6,604 14.73 8,982 15.9 Roman Catholics 7,940 25.8 12,135 27.07 11,881 21.2 Congrega- tional . . 646 2.1 826 1.84 1,185 2.1 Baptists . . 948 3.08 1,288 2.87 1,953 3.5 Jews .... . 153 0.34 157 0.28 Church of England. Methodists ........ Presbyterians . . . . . Roma Catholics... Congregational ... Baptists .......... Jews .............. Church of England. Methodists ........ Presbyterians ..... Roman Catholics... Congregational ... Baptists .......... Jews .. ....... .... Other denominations Unaccounted for... Total PoP., 1881, 86,443. No. Per cent. 30,913 35.7 16,363 18.9 14,612 16.9 15,716 18.1 2,018 2.3 3,667 4.2 534 0.62 Potal Top., 1901, 208,043. No. Per cent. 62,407 30 48,279 23.2 41,638 20.1 29,004 13.9 3,655 1.75 11,913 5.7 3,078 1.48 Total Pop., 1891 144,023. No. Per cent. 46,084 31.9 32,503 22.5 27,449 19.06 21,830 15.1 3,102 2.14 6,909 4.8 1,425 0.99 Total PoP.. 1911, 376,538. No, Per:cpnt. 120,405 31.97 73,281 19.4 75,735 20.1 46,368 12.3 3,744 0.99 20,681 5.5 18,143 4.9 16,950 4.5 1,231 0.33 I t will be observed from the above table that fronl 1851 to 1911 there has been a 252 OF TORONTO OF OLD decrease of percentage of membership in the Church of England of 5.63, Roman Cath- olics 13.5, Congregationalists 1.11, and an increase in the Methodists of 6, Preshy- terians 5.4 and Baptists 2.42. During the decade from 1901 to 1911 there has been an increase of 1.97 per cent. in the member- ship of the Church of England and a ùecrease in the membership of the leth- odists of 3.8 per cent. 25:-5 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS CHAPTER XXXIV. ST. JAJfESJ CATHEDRAL.* DOCTOR Slt\DDING'S "Toronto of Old " contains a long and interesting account of th(' churches erected prior to the presen t Cathedral, cOlllprising biographical sketches of some of the original pewholders from the time of the opening of the first church until 1818, amongst whom was 1ajor-General Sir Peregrine laitland, then Governor of Upper Canada, and who led the 1st Foot Guard8 in the Battle of "rat rloo. Amongst other prominent llwmhers and contributors of the church were the Honorable William _Ulan, IIonorable Peter Russell, Ronorablp J. B. Robinson; l\lr. Thomas Ridout, Surveyor- * It may be considered by some that I have given a disproportionate amount of space to accounts of the churches, but it will be noticed that in most cases they are of some historical value, and I think will be found of at least equal interest to the other por- tions of these .. Recollections." I have written at greater length regarding some of the churches than of others partly because I have had more informa- tion about them, and partly because of their historical interest. While the lists of ministers, officials and members may not be of general interest they prob- ably will be found interesting by not a few, and I think wlll be useful as records. 254 OF TORONTO OF OLD General; Honorable Captain :l\IcGil1, Doc- tor Iacaulay, Chief Justice Powell, Sir "\Ym Campbell, Honorable George Crook- shank, Ir. "\Vm. Chewett, Chief Justice Elmsley, Doctor Raldwin; ::\lessrs. C. J. Scott, John SmaU, Ð' Arcy Boulton, "\Ym. Stanton; l\Ir. Scadding, [r. Ketchum, ::\Ir. St. Oeorgp and I'fr. Denison. The church, which waR opf'ned in 1803, was a plain structure of wood placed somp yards back from the road; its gables faced eaRt and west and itR solitary door was at its western end and was approached from Church Street. Its dimensions were fifty by forty fef't, and the sides of the building were piel'cf'd h T two rows of ordinary win- dows, four ahoyp and four below. Other- wise it was in its outward appearance simply, as a contemporary American" Geo- graphical View of thp Provincp of Uppf'r Canada" deserihes it, " a nleeting-house for the Episcopalians." The firRt incumbent was the Rev. Dr. Oeorge O'I{ill Stewart. who was succpedpd hy Dr. Strarllan in 1813. Doctor Scadding says: "Our notice of the asselnbly to be seen within t1IP wallR of the primitivp St. .James' would not he completf' werp Wf' to omit 1\f r. .J ohn Fpnton, who for omf' timp oflkia tPfl therf'in as parish clerk. )fr. Fenton's pecnli- . 255 RECOLLECTIONS A"ND RECORDS arities, on the contrary, arose from his intelligence, his acquirements and his inde- pendence of character. IIe was a rather sll1all, shrewd-featured person, and at a glance not de"ficient in self-esteem. I-Ie was proficient in modern popular science, a ready talker and lecturer. Being only a proxy, his rendering of the official responseI'! in the church was marked perhaps by a little too much individuality, hut it could not be said that it was destitute of a certain rhetorical propriety of emphasi8 and intona- tion. Though not gifted in his own person with 111uch melody of voice, his acquisitions included some knowledge of music. :x ot unfrequenUy )11'. Fenton, after giving out the portion of ' Brady and Tate' which it pleased him to selpct, would execute the whole as a solo to some accustomed air with graceful variation of his own. All this would be done with great coolnesR and apparent fo;elf-satisfaction. 'Yhile the discourse was going on in the pulpit above him, it wa his way often to lean him- self resignedly back in the corner of his pew and throw a white cambric handkerchief over his head and face. It illustrates the spirit of the day to add that 1\Ir. Fenton's employment as official mouthpiece to the congregation of the English Church did not 256 OF TORONTO OF OLD Rtand in the way of his making himself use- ful at the sallle time as a class-leader among the "r esleyan :Methodists. "The predeceRsor of Mr. Fenton in the clerk's desk wa:s )Ir. Hetherington, a func- tionary of the Old Country village stamp. IIis haùit was, after giving out a psalm, to play the air on a bassoon and then accom- pany it with fantasias on the same instru- ment, this being added to by such vocalists as felt inclined to take part in the singing. ",. e have understood two rival choirs were heard on trial in thp church. One of them was strong in instrumental resources, hav- ing the aid of a haH:s-viol, clarionet and bassoon, while thp other was more depend- ent on its vocal excellence. The instru- mental choir triumphantly prevailed. * "The pewholders in St. JameR' rhurch from its COm111enCement to ahout 181 were: President Russell; )lr. Justice Cochrane; * Something similar to this occurred in the Rich- mond Street Iethodist Church about thirty years since. There had been a division in the choir, and a number of the members, led by the principal soprano, who had a very powerful voice, left it. On the Sunday following she, with some of the seceding members, took their places together in the body of the church, I am sorry to say, for the purpose of disconcerting the members who remained, with some new ones, and when the hymns were announced sang with all their vocal powers. I was there at the time 17 257 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS lr. Justice Boulton; Solicitor-General Gray; Receiver-General Selby; Christopher Robinson; George Croökshank; 'YiIliam Chewett; J. B. Robinson; Alexander "1' ood; -nTilliam Willcocks ; John Beikie; Alexander l\Iacdonell ; Chief Justice Elmsley; Chief Justice Osgoode; .chief Justice Scott; Chi{\f Justice Powell; Attorney-General Firth; Secretary Jarvis; General Shaw; Colonel Smi th ; D' Arcy Boulton; 'Yilliam Allan; Duncan Cameron; John SmalJ; Tholnas Ridout; "1'illiam Stanton; Stephen Heward; Donald :l\lcLean; Stephen Jarvis; Captain !\IcGill; Colonel Givins; Doctor J\Iacaulay; Doctor Gatuhle; Doctor Baldwin; Doctor Lee; !\Ir. St. George; 311'. Denison; l\Ir. Pla:yter; :\1r. Brooke; )Ir. Cawthra; !\Ir. Scadding; !\Ir. Ketchum; )Ir. Cooper; )Ir. Ross; :\Ir. Jordan; !\lr. I{endrick; !\Ir. Hunt; 1\Ir. lIiggins; !\Ir. Anderson; l\Ir. !\Iurchison; :\Ir. Bright; Ir. O'Keefe; Mr. Caleb Humphrey. "The Churchwardens for 1807-8 were and my recollection has always been that one of the hymns announced contained the lines: .. By faith the upper choir we meet, And challenge them to sing." Of course the minister had no knowledge of the demonstration that was intended; it was really a curious coincidence. As far as loud singing was con- cerned the seceding members had the advantage! 258 OF TORONTO OF OJ..D D' Arcy Boulton and 'Yilliam Allan; for 1809, "Tilliam Allan and Thomas Ridout; for 1810, \Yilliam Allan anù Stephen Jar- vis; for 1812, Duncan Canleron and Alex- ander Lef4ge. "Before leaving St. Jalues' Church and its prpcincts it lllëlY be well to givc some account of thf' Rteps taken in 1818 for the enlargement of the original building. This we are enabled to do, having before us an aI1 but contemporary narrative. It will be een that great adroitness was enlployed in making the schenw aC('f'pta ble, and that pains were shrewdly taken to prevent a bur- densomc 8enSf' of self-:sacrifice on the part of the congrega tinn. At thf' same time a pleasant instance of voluntary 1iherality is recorded. 'A very respectable church was built at York in the Honle District many years ago; th(ì narrative refcrred to in thp Christian Rpcorder for 1819, p. 214, pro- ceeds to statf', 'which at that time accom- modated the inhahitants; but for some years past it has hppn foun(l too small, and sev- eral attempt!' were made to enlarge and repair it. At length, in April, 1818, in a lllf'eting of the whole congregation, it was {'psolved to eulargp the church, and a com- mittee was appointed to RUggpst the most expeditious and economical method of doing 259 RECOLLECTIO:SS AND RECORDS it. The committee reported that a subscrip- tion in the way of a loan, to be repaid when the seats were sold, was the most promising Inethod. No subscription was to be taken under twenty-five pounds, payable in four insta lmen ts. " 'Two gentlemen,' the narrative con- tinues, 'were selected to carry the suhscrip- tion paper round; and in three hours from twelve to thirteen hundred pounds were sub- scribed. Almost all the respectable gentle- men gave in loan fifty pounds, and the Hon- orable Justice Boulton and George Crook- shank, Esquire, contributed one hundred pounds each to accomplish so good an object. The church was enlarged, a steeple erected, and the whole building with its galleries handsomely finished. In January last (1819),' our authority proceeds to say, 'when everything was cOlnpleted, the pews were sold at a year's credit and brought more money than the repairs and enlarge- ment cost. Therefore,' it is triumphantly added, 'the inhabitants at York erect a very handsome church at a very little expense to themselves, for everyone may have his sub- scription money returned, or it may go towards payment of a pew; and, what is more, the persons who subscribed for the first church count the amount of their sub- 260 OF TORONTO OF OLD scription as part of the price of their new pews. This fair arrangement has been eminently successful, and gave great satis- faction.' " In 1830 a new church edifice of stone was erected, " and the same cool, secular ingen- uity was ag-ain displayed in the sêheme pro- posed." Its dimensions were one hundred by seventy-five feet, but it was never com- pleted so far as related to its tower, and was dpstroyed by fire in 1839, when another church was immediately built in its place. The first vestry Ineeting was held on Easter )[onday, Iareh 25th, 1842. The third building was destroyed by fire on April 7th, 1849. The prf'sent magnificpnt church was erectp(} and completed as far as the tower in lR32, from designs of )[essrs. Cumber- land and Ridout, at a eost of $94,000. The corner-stone of this building was laid on ovember 20th, 1850. The following is the inscription and srroII place<, at which a cOlllmittee was formed to carry out this desirablp object. The committee were thereby required to 263 RECOLLECTIONR AND RECORDS open negotiations with T. 'V. Benson for the purchase of his celebrated prize clock with Cambridge chimes, which we su('ceeded in securing through the kind exertions of C. E. Bowker, Esquire, of Finehley, England. "This beautiful and valuable piece of mechanism has afel y arrived and is now ready to start on its long journey, and we trust that it will be like the old flag of the Empire under which it was built-continue for a thousand years to be useful in record- ing the flight of time and for future genera- tions in this Dominion become an example of British manufacturing enterprise. In presenting to you the clock, the committee desires to express the approval of your lib- erality in co-operating with us in this under- taki:ag and fervently hopp that, at thi 'cheerful time of the year,' when we are reminded of Him who proclainwd ' Peace on earth and good will towarù men,' 11lutual charity may be enhanced and promoted by us in the accomplishlnent of thi:s pubJic improvement in the capital of Ontario. " On behalf of the subscribers. "ALEX.\NDER II.\ nLTO , Chairman. " JOII PATERSON, Treasurer. "JOHN LAIDLAW, Secretary. " Toronto, the 24th day of December, 1875." 2()-! UP TOROXTO OF OLD It may be interesting to state that the chairman was a Methodist, the treasurer a Baptist and the secretary a Presbyterian. )lr. Laidlaw, the secretary, perhaps did Inore than any other membpr of the com- mittee by his untiring efforts in securing funds for the clock. lIe Lad been a prom- inent merchant aud was in partnership with Ir. Janu's R ()tt under the firlll nanle of Scott and Laidlaw from 1850 till 18:55, when the partnership was di olved. He then went into husiness alone and went under during the great crash of 1857. He was a very genial, polite old gentleman and appeared to know everybody. He was a well-knuwn fif.?:ure as he walked about with Alowly measurpd step, with his plaid wrapped about him. :Xot heing in Imsi- ness at the tÏ1ue, he wa always ready for a g08sip, and hpfol'f' the conversation enùed hp was ahnost sure to say something regard- ing the Cathe(lral clock, the securing of which seemed to bc his chief mission. It was certainly a great joy to him when the' ohject of his lahors was secured. Thp following' is a list of the dergynlPll of thc church: The Yery Hcy. fteorgp O'Kill Stewart, LL.D., Dean of Ontario, first rec- tOI', 1 07-11; Right Rev. Bishop 8tracLan, D.D., LL.D., first Bishop of Toronto and 2()5 RECOLI.JECT10NS 6\ D RECORDS second rector, 1811; The Yery Rev. H. J. Grasett, D.D., first Dean of Toronto from 1836 till 1882 and third rector; John Philip Dumoulin, :\l.A., D.C.L., fourth rector, 1882- 1896, subsequently Bishop of Niagara; Right Rev. Edward Sullivan, D.D., D.C.L., Bishop of Algoma, 1882-96, and fifth rector, 1896-9; the Rev. Edward Ashurst Welsh, 1LA., D.C.L., sixth rector, 1899-1909; Rev. Henry Pemherton Plumptre, seventh rector, 1909. In 1913 in addition to the rector were the following clergy and officers: Assistant clergy, Rev. C. V. Pilcher, :\1....-\., D.D., and Rev. F. G. :L\loore, Parish House; deacon- psses, :\1iss Burpe anù :L\liss Boswell; organ- ist and choirmaster, Albert 1Iam; vestry clerk, T. E. Rawson; churchwardens-rec- tor's warden, Colonel H. Brock; people's warden, Dr. F. Le)I. Grasett; lay represen- tatives to the Diocesan Synod, Profes or l\I. Hutton, A. II. Campbell, Lieutenant-Colonel H. J. Grasett. The church has been very active and is doing a splendid wOl"k in what is known as the downtown section of the city. The Parish House, opened in 1909, has proved a great boon to young men and women who are far from home and friends. In connec- tion with the Parish House there are men's, 266 OP TORONTO OF OLD boys' and women's clubs, with a catering department. There is the Laymen's )lis- sionary Comnlittee, Brotherhood of St. Andrew, 'Yomen's Auxiliary (senior and young women's branches), )lothers' )1eet- ing, Girls' Friendly Society, )Ien's Bible Class and Cricket Club. Some time after our return to Toronto fronl Kingston in 1843 I joined the choir as one of the boy singers in the second St. James' Cathedral. The organist at that time was a )Irs. Gilkinson. Amongst the members whom I rememher were :Mr. George D. 'Yells, a prominent barrister, who had a very fine counter-tenor voice; Dr. Larratt ,Yo Rmith; )lr. David R. Ueid; )Ir. Lang, of tllP Upgistry Office, who had a splendid tenor voice; :Ur. :l\lills, of :Messrs. Owen, l\IilIer and :Uills, a basso-profundo; l\liss IIocken, the first soprano, and her sister, the principal alto; the former was a very diminutive, dainty lady, being only about four feet ten inches in height; he had a very fine soprano voice. The hoy f'ingers, with m .self, were John mall, the latp roIlector of Customs ; James malI, his cousin; Thoma:s II. Lee (who is still living), and another boy whose name I do not remember. Thpre being no organ at the time, a piano was used. l\lrs. Gilkinson was subject to 6'ì' RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS fain ting fits and occasionally had to be carried out of church. This at first caused a considerable commotion amongst the con- gregation, but after a tinle they got used to it. There were three high windows in the nave of the church, on each of which was a figure, I think, of one of the Apostles. There were two broad aisles in which were placed free seats with backs made of pine; and there were a number of square pews, some of them with curtains, where the occu- pants could shut themselves off from the other nlembers of the congregation and enjoy the serlnon, or possibly take a nap, without distraction. The Rev. H. J. Grasett at that time and for nlany years after was the rector of the church. Occa ionally we were favored with a discourse from the Bishop and other min- isters. I am sorry to say that then I did not pay much attention to the sermons of the various preachers, nor do I remember anything of their discourses, which were probably above my head. The Dean, during his long rectorship of St. James' Cathedral, was very highly esteemed and popular with the members of his congregation and the community. He read his sermons, as was then gPTIPrally the custom in the Anglican 268 OF TOROXTO OF OI D Church, and had an easy, flowing style. He was a rathf'r tall man and had a Rlight stoop. He died in 1882. I can well remember the Bishop as he used to walk up the pulpit-stairs followed by the verger. He had a rather harsh voice and H pronounced Scotch accent. He was in the habit of almost constantly whistling as he walked along the streets, and someone said he was heard whistling" Yankee-doodle" as he walked np the steps to the pulpit, but as to this I cannot vouch. "Te boys in the choir used to get considerable anlusement when the Bishop read thp Ten COInmand- ments in the comnlllnion service, as he always pronounced the words" the heavens above and the earth beneath," in the second commandment, "the heavens aboovf' and the airth beneath," at which we gave a sig- nificant look at each other. It is said that the Bishop, in giving advicf' to a young Scotch minister who came to this country. said, " )Iy good young man, you will n('ver do anything in this country until -ou get rid of your lJroad Scotch accent." "Oh, wad some power the giftie gie us, to Ree OUr8f'I'R as others see us!" Bishop Strachan was about five feet six inches in height, compactly built and erect. His featurf's were Atrongly marked, hiR 269 RECOLLECTIONS AND RErORDS expressioll stern and his look penetrating; his whole appearance was indicative of great firmness and strength of will and one of much more than ordinary calibre. He would attract notice anywhere. Of course his history is too well known for me to attempt any account of his long and varied career. I am simply speaking of him as I saw him. He was unquestionably one of the most prominent and forceful men in Upper Canada during the second quarter of the last century. Occasionally the Rev. Ir. "Tinstanley, of Scarboro, occupied the pulpit. IIe was a short and very stout man, weighing about four hundred pounds, and as the pulpit- door was rather narrow, the verger used to give him a "boost" in order to get him through. 270 I 1 I ! \, t , ''"I ,. t t i 1 U ! '.' ' M It } \ 1 ,I \ 't- r f J ,\'1. . j l L -ÎI " -f _ ==::J__ -/-jj;;j . '- ..., L- t ?t} , . \, · / i .+ -: " A í- r ( l-_\t:E. \ J , . '." , -.. }ÞOt I. \ . "I , I I' OF TOROXTO OF OLD CIL-\.PTER XXXV. OTHER CIIFRrITE8. IIOLY TRI ITY f'lHURCH. THE Church of the IIoly Trinity was built in the year 1845, the funds (fiyp thousand pounds sterling) for which were supplied by an English lady. The following is an açcount of thp origin and prection of thi church from thp ehl1relnnu.(lens' report for the year 1 3: " In the year ahove nmlled (1843) the sum of five tllOusand pounds sterling was placed in the hands of Doetor Lon ey, Bishop of Ripon at the time, and afterwards Arch- hishop of rantf'rbury, to bc delivered by him to thp Bishop of Toronto for the pur- po!'>e of founding and, so far as practicable, endowing a church in his diocese to be styled th Church of the Holy Trinity, and to be free for all wor hippers foreypr. Every pre- caution was at thf' time takpn that the incognito of the donor should be maintained. " The Bishop of Ripon hastened to inform thp Bi hop of Toronto of the nnexpectf'd boon; and on the actual receipt of the muni- 271 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS ficent gift (five thousand pounds sterling, as mentioned above), Dr. Strachan proceedefl with all promptitude to carry into effect the intentions of the anonymous benefaetor of his diocese. "It was decided that the new ehurch should be erected in the dty of Toronto, whpre at once the Honorable John SÎIncoe :Macauley, a retirpd rolonel of the Royal Engineers, residing at the tiIne in the place, made a donation to the Bishop of a valuable site, very eligibly situated. On the 1st July, 1846, the foundation stone of the church was laid, and by the autumn of 1847 thp sacred edifice was completed in all its pssen- tial parts, very much as it is seen now: and on the 27th October (the Eve of St. Simon and St. Jude) it was consecrated with aU due solenlnity and opened for divine service in perpetuity. "The Rev. Dr. Scadding was requested by the Bishop to act as the first incumbent, with the Rev. 'Yalter Stennett as assistant luinister, and through their exertions, under the immediate direction and supervision of Doctor Strachan himself, a considerable con- gregation was soon formed, gathered in from among the inhabitants of the sur- rounding neighborhood and other newly- organized and sparsely-peopled portions of 272 OF TORO TO OF OLD the city." (Both Doctor Scadcling and Rev. ,Yo Stennett retained their positions as mas- tel'S in the Gpper Canada College during their incumbencJ'; the latter gave his services gratuitously for a number of years.) Doctor Scadding was rector until 1875 and the Rev. 'Valter Stennett was assistant min- i ter until 1854. 1\11'. J. 'V. Brent (who was an uncle of Bishop Brent) was senior ehurchwarden from 1847 till 18:56, and ..\11'. Thomas rhampion junior churchwarden from 1847 till 1833. I attended the ehurch after the destruc- tion of St. James' Cathedral by fire in 1849 nntil lð:J:?, and after receiving instruction by Doctor Scaddillg, was confirmed by Doctor Strachan, the ni8hop of Toronto. Doctor Scadding was a very kind and delightful Ulan and not inelined to he too exacting when he put me through my exam- ination. As everyone know ; he was most indefatigahle in his l"psparchps into tll(' earlip}" history of Toronto, and his" Toronto of Old" is not only most int(>re ting but also of a high literarJ' order. The Doctor's sermons werp always good, bu1 to m(' hp dill not pem to be as good a preachpl' as he was a writer; he was sometimes quit p ner- YOu anll hC'sitating in his manner, espf'- l.in lIy wlwn giving out notices whil-h lIe hall 18 2'13 RECOLLECTIO S AND RECORDS not written down. Everybody who knew him admired this dear-H man. The nalue of the donor, which was )Irs. Swale, was not divulged until after her dea th. The following are the rectors after Doctor Scad ding: Rev. ,Yo S. Darling, 1875-86; Rev. John Pearson, D.r.L., 1886-1910; Rev. Der- win T. Owen, L.Th., 1910. Assistant minis- ters, 1913: Rev. John Hodgkinson and Rev. P. L. Berman. Churchwardens: )lessrs. J. L. Turquand and George P. Reid. Dele- gates to Synod: .Messrs. H. P. Blachfor(l, C. J. Agar and J. .A. "Torrell, I{.(1. Organ- ist: l\1r. G. IIolt. Sunday School Superin- tendent: )lr. Thonlas IIopkins. The church is doing a very pnergetic and important work in what iH now a downtown neighborhood, and anlongst other organiza- tions has a mission to the Jews under the charge of the Rev. Paul ßprman, one of thp assistant ministel's, and a staff of workers. THE PRnIITIYE )lETHODIST CHL'"RCH. The introduction of Primitive )[ethodislll into ranada originated with :Mr. 'Yilliam Lawson, who had hpf'n a 10l'al preacher, class-leader and stewarfl of a "T esleyall :Mcthodist ociet.y in Brampton, Curnbcr- 274 OF TORO TO OF OLD land, England, but had joined the Primitive l\Ietbodist Connexion prior to his departure for Canada. In a "Work on Primitive )Ieth- odism in Canada by )Irs. R. P. IIopper (for- Blerly )Iiss Agar), kindly loaned to me by l\lrs. Thomals Thompson, we learn that in 1829 he, with his wife and six l:hildren, accompanied hy )11'. Hobert 'Yalker, who learned hi tra(le with him, emigrated to Canada. They landed at Quehec on )[ay 29th and arl'Îved in York (Toronto) on .June 11th. llohprt 'Yalker remained a year in Quebcc and thpn jOÏ1wd the falllil T in .July. )11'. Lawson hl'gan preHehillg iu the \Iarket qual't., aud fiIHling a few Prilllitivp )fpth- mlÎsts from Y orkshirp, in\'Ïted thelll to his house and fOl.meù them into a c1as , being assisted hy I r8. La wsun at all the ser- viees. In Oetohpl' a hou ( was pcured on Duke Rtl'f'et-thp first Primitivp )[ethodist pl'eacbing-phwc in Canafla. This place being tuo small, :\rr. Thomas Thomp:son, Sr., fathcr of tIt(' late ..Hr. Thomas Thompson (one of Toronto's promÏ1H'nt dtizens, well known as thc prolH.ictor of thc )Iammoth Huu!';e dry guods pstabli hIllPllt) offered his schoolhol1!o;{, OIl )[plinùa Rtrl'Pt. The con- reg-atioll till growing, a hall was occupied on rolborlle Rtrpf't. )11'. T.awson, )11". Thomp:-\on, r., and )11'. Hobt>l't 'Valkl r 'ì5 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS were all local preachers and laid the foun- dation of the new society. The first minister of the church was the Rey. H. ""atkins, spnt out by the English Conference at the requeRt of )1r. Lawson. The menlbership on his arrival consisted of sixteen persons. These early Primitive :l\Iethodists did a grand work in Canada and were noted for their earnestness and self-sacrificing devotion, and anlongst their preachers were men of much ability and considerable learning. The first church was on the west side of Bay Street a few doors below King Street, and was opened for service on October 21st, 1832. 1\1rs. Hopper tells us that the chapel was of brick, thirty-six by forty-six feet and thirty-four feet in height, with a basement of stone; the gallery anù the middle of the church had pews and the rest was seated with benches. It would seat over five hun- dred people. In the basement was all excel- lent schoolroom and two" dwelling houses," one of which was occupied by the mission- ary. In his report he says" he was never better suited with a house, hcing warm in wintcr and cool in SUll1lller." The total cost of the building was only f740 ($2,960). The principal mcmbers of the church at this time were thp 'Yalker, Thompson, Lawson, rarhert, Agar, :Mnttol1, Bond, Hutchinson 276 ()11" TORONTO OF OLD and Sheard familit's, .Joseph IcCausland, Thomas Bell, John Bugg, Joseph Kent, Rob- ert Sargant, Jailles Carless, of the rpper Canada Bible and Tract Society, and a )11"13. Towler, a school teacher, a gifted aud spiri- tual woman of refinement and education, who sometimes gave public addresses. I remember going (from curiosity), with some other youths, into one of the prayer-meetings, when they held revival services in the schoolroom, and was much impressed and sobered by a prayer offered by II's. Towler. :Mr. Robert 'Valker (one of our ll1o!';t prominent merchants for many years, an excellent citizen and fine Chris- tian) who was there, called to see me the next lllorning aud gave me a "talking to " for my want of re, erel1ce and respect at thp meeting. l\frs. IIopper gives an interesting account of the choir and its leader, George )lcClus- key. She says: "He was an impetuous Irishman, warm, kindly and genial in his disposition. His soul was tuned to harmony, and he played the bass viol in the Bay Street choir, while Henry Harrison played the flute and Robert 'Yalk('r the nlelodeon. George )lcCluskey was never so happy as when praising God on 'strings and pipes' accom- panied by 'loud sounding cymbals.' The 277 RECOLLECTIONS A:ND RECORDS music book useù at that date was called 'The l\Illsical l\Ionitor,' a collection of nletres and anthems published in :New York in 1827, containing the' Hallelujah Chorus' from the ' :l\Iessiah,' and one my father used to sing and which I liked because there was so luuch go in it. The words were: Treble Solo. Strike the cymbal, roll the rtymbal- Let the trump of triumph sound. Chorus. Powerful slinging, headlong bringing, Proud Goliath to the ground. Treble Solo. From the river, rejecting quiver, Judah's hero takes the stone. Chorus. Spread your banner, shout hosannas, Battle is the Lord's alone. Musical Interlude. Solo. See advances, With songs and dances, Female Choir. All the band of Israel's daughters Catch the sound, ye hills and waters, etc." The oldtime l\Iethodists used to say that they did not believe in the devil having all 278 OF TOROXTO OF OLD the good tunes, and aaopteù some tunes from well-known secular songs-it must be said not always with the best judgment. For instance, I hearù at an anniversary service (I do not relllerubel' whether it was held by the Primitive. )Iethodists or not) an anthenl or h Yllln sung to the tune of the then weIl- known jovial (hOillking Rong: Here's to the health of all good lasses; Merrily, merrily, fill your glasses! There was ct'rtainly plenty of go to it, e pecially in the fugut' parts. In 1 jj a new church was built on Alice Sty.eeL This church wa burnt in 1873 and thf' services werp held in Shaftesbury Hall until the completion of the new church on Carlton treet in 1875. The principal Iuin- ister were the Rev. Drs. J. C. _\.ntliff, E. Barrass, Rohpl't Boyle, James Edgar, :M.D., and Rpys. H. Caùe, J. :Nattrass and John Da vid on. The Primitive )Iethodist, Episcopal and Bible Christian Churches were united with the Ieth()di t Church of Canada unùer the name of the )Iethodist Church on July 1st, 1884. 279 RECOLI,ECTIOXS A D RECOHlJ THE l\1ETHODIST NEW CONNEXIO CHURUH. The l\Iethodist Xpw Connexion Church was built on Temperance Street, next door to the Temperance I{all (now the Star Theatre), in the latter part of the forties. The principal ministers were the Revs. W. l\IcClure, David Savage, H. o. Crofts, J. H. Robinson and Thomas Goldsmith. Some of the prOlninent members and promoters of the church that I relucluber were 1Iessrs. Robert H. Brett, John Doel, James 'Yith- row, 'Yilliam Firsthrook, J ames Good, James Foster (father of l\Ir. W. A. Foster, the founder of the National Club), and later on :àlr. John J. and the Re,'. 'V. H. "ïthrow and l\Iessrs. )Iatthew Sweetnaul and Robert "Tilkes. This ChUl'('h and the 'Yesle yan l\Iethodist were unitC'G; .John Borland and [{ohert Fow- ler, )I.D., ]837; John Borland, John C. Ash and 'Yilliam If. Laird, 1838; J. Borland, \\ïlliam R. Parker and \Yilliam E. \Yalkf'r, 1 59; Henry '\Tilkinsou, \Yilliam E. '\Talker and 'Yilliam Briggs, 18ôO; Isaac B. How- ard, Cllas. I.JayelI and ,YiIIialn Hall, B.A., 1861-2; Isaac B. Howard, "Tm. 'V. Clarkp and X. Bl1rwash, Bu\., 186 ; John \. '\TiI_ Iiams, W. \v. rlarke and N. Rurwash, B..\., 1864; John.A. "Tilliams anrlllugh .Johnston, B.A., ISH;); .John A. "'l11iam , Georgf' Rob- on and Of'ol"ge Bridgman, B...\., 1 ür.; 'ViI- Iiam Stl'ph{'n on and Gporge Bridgman, I.A., 18H7; \\Tilliam StepllPDson and .Jas. 1 lannon, lRf;R; \\Tilliam Htt'phenson, 18liÙ; Gl'orge rodlran, ] 7()-2 (both in( lusiYe). It will he noti' ef1 tlwt this list ('ontnins the llanleS of ISUllW of the most ahlp and 287 RECOLLECTIONS AND RErORDS prominent luinisters of the Methodist Church, and with a few exceptions all have passed <1 way. Fronl 1843 to 1837 the nlÍnisters alter- nated with the Y orkville Church, and from 1858 to 1864 also with Berkeley Street. Y orkville was set off as a separate charge in 1865 and Berkeley Street in 18G9. The Adelaide treet Chureh was dplnolished in 1870, when the congregation worshipped in thc tabernade erected on thc low ground on the southern end of the )letropolitan Sqnare until the letropolitan Church was opened in 1872. The lllcmbers of thc A{}claide treet Church whom I remember were the follow- ing: The Rev. Dr. Egerton Ryerson; the Rev. . Dr. Anson Green; the Rev. James Spencer, editor of The Christian G-Ilardian). J. R. Arlllstrong, fouIHlryman ; James Good, foundryulan ; John Eastwood, paper-maker; Thomas Storlll, builder; Dr. W. T. Aikins; Robert James, agent )lontreal City Bank; Richard Brewer, stationer; Robert lc- Phail, stationer; Peter )IePhail, stationl'r; 'Y1l1. Reynolds, baker (organist); Georgp Rowell, In'ewer; )Irs. . E. Taylor*; .John · Mrs. Taylor was a sister of Mayor Bowes. She resided on the north side of Richmond Street a little east of Victoria Strept, was noted for her piety and 288 OF TOROSTO OF OLD Rowland, tailor; Samuel Rogers. painter; )Irs. Sarah Reeve. EL:\I STREET CHL'RCH. Up to 1853 the Ri<'hmond Street Church had a mission and Runday school in a brick bui1ding on Duke Street ncar Berkeley, and the Adelaide Street Church had a building for similar purpo es on Teranlay Street. In the above year a change took place and Rich- mond Rtreet took charge of the Teraulay, and ...\rlelaifle of Duke Street. About this time, owing to the large increasc in thf! con- gregation and membership of the Richmond Street C'hurch through the preaching and re\Tival services held b T Re\T. JaIlleS Caughey, the congregation exceeded the capacity of thp building, which was frequently over- crowded, and the necessity for the erection of a new building became evident. A com- mittee consisting of some of the prominent benevolence, and had an almost seraphic appearance and a remarkable gift of prayer. Looking upon her death as the gateway to a brighter and better world she requested that there should be no mourning for her when she died, but that instead hymns of rejoic- Ing should be sung by those who followed her to her burial. This request was complied with and a large number (of whom I was one) followed in the fun- eral cortege from the house to the Adelaide Strept Methodist Church, singing hymns on the way. Prob- ably no other su('h funeral has taken place In Canada. frs. Taylor died on March 28th, 1859. 19 289 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS members of the church was appointed to organize and erect a new church, and in the meantime services were held in a school- house at. the corner of Teraulay and Edward Streets. After a time it was decided to build a church on Elm Street and the following trustees were a ppoin ted : Richard W oods- worth, Richard Yates, James Price, John Tyner, Richard Hastings, John Eastwood, John Iacdonald and Richard Score. Under their direction a large roughcast building with a dome was buil t in 1854-5. A number of the pl'ominf'nt nlenlbers left the Richmond Street Church and connected themselves with the Elm Street Church, amongst whom were the Brown family, Doc- tor Robinson, Jame8 Price, " m. T., Alfred and T. G. l\1ason, James Jennings, T. Aikenhead, Edward Stephenson and James Patton. On Sunday, October 27th, 1861, the church was destroyed by fire. There was an insur- ance on the builòing which formed the nucleus of a fund for the building of a new church, which it was decided to erect. It was determined that the building should bf' of brick. The corner-stone was laid on thf' Queen's Birthday, 1862, hy the Rf'v. Dr. Enoch 'Yood, who haò preached at the open- 290 OF TORO TO OF OLD ing of the church some seven years previ- ously. Until the completion of the new church the congregation occupied a small church on Elizabeth Street, and subse- quently occupied a temporary building erected for their use on Elm Street. The second huilding was of a very plain char- acter and entirel y devoid of architectural ornamen t. Up till 1865 Elm Street formed a portion of the Toronto "... est rircuit and the minis- ters preached alternately in the Richmond, Queen and Elm Street Churches. Elm Street Church was set off in 186:5, and is now known as Toronto third. The Ininis- ters of the church since that time until 1880 were the Revs. Edward Hartley Dewart, James Henry Bishop, 'YiIIiaul Smith Grif- fin, "T. ".... CaI'son, Edward F. ßoff, George H. Bridgman, Samuel J. Hunter, IsaaC' Tovell, John Potts and Thonla 'Y. Jeffrey. In 1876, when Dr. Potts becanw pastor, the growth of the congregation became so great that it becam necessary to enlarge the buildin , whieh wa done at the cost of $39,000. The width of the church, the dimensions of which had originally been fifty-four by eighty-four feet, was increased to ninet '-se'.en feet, and at the aU1e time a schoolroom was erected. The building has 291 '- RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS a tower seventy-six feet in height and a graceful spire with an altitude of one hundred and thirty-six feet. For a long time the Elm Street Church was an influential one, with a strong official board. Owing to the great change which has taken place in the neighborhood during the past few years its services have neces- sarily partaken more of a missionary char- acter, and under the effective ministrations of its present pastor, the Rev. W. F. "Tilson, an important work is being done. THE QUEEN STREET )IETHODIST CHrRCH. Original1y the Queen Street Church was a small old-fashioned building with a cot- tage roof and with a seating capacity for about four hundred people. It was started as a mission by the membership of the old George Street Church about the ypar 1841, and until 1845 the pulpit was supplied by ministers connected with the former church, amongst whom were the Revs. J. P. Hether- ington, John G. )lanly and John B. Selley, and by nlinisters fronl the Richmond Street Church until 1847. From 1847 until 1871, when the Rev. Hugh Johnston, l\I.A., became pa tor, Queen Street Church formed part of Toronto West Circuit. Up tin 18f)E), when 292 OF TORO TO OF OI..D the Elm Street Church was set off as a separate church, known as Toronto 'fhird, this church, Richmond and Elm Street were supplied by the same ministers, and until 1871, in which year the Queen Street Church was set off and known as Toronto Fifth, the same Ininisters alternated between it and Richmond Street. For a considerable time the basement was used on week days as a private school taught by a :Mr. Darby. In 1856 the present church was erected at a cost of f2,653, equivalent to $10,612, the congregation worshipping in the Temper- ance Hall on the west side of Brock Street during its erection. The church was dedi- cated in January, 1857, thc opening services being conducted by the Rev. Enoch 'V ood. The original trustees were )Iessrs. Thomas 1\Iara, agent; Abcl "Tilcock, builder; .Alex- ander Sutherland, tallow chandler; John Kidney, florist; Henry I..eadle.r, hide Iller- chant; Theophilus Earl, dry goods mer- chan t ; James Pl'ettic; 'Yilliam Briscoe, wagon builder; John ('relock, butcher; Aiderlllan John Baxter; 'V. J. Turner, saddler; Isaac Clare, blacksmith. In 1871, under the pastorate of thc Rev. IIug-h Johnston, an addition of thirty feet, costing $3,289, wa.s erectf'd at the f'outh end of tlw church. increasing the seating capa- 293 RECOLI.JECTIONS AND RECORDS city from one thousand to fifteen hundred. It was in Queen Street Church that Dr. }Ior- ley Punshon delivered his :first lecture in Canada on lay 29th, 1868. The superintendents of the Sunday school were :\Iessrs. Henry Leadley, Samuel Shaw, John Crossley, A. Sutherland, ,Yo Keighley, :Mr. Lawrence, 1\lr. l\lcCarthy, l\lr. Cox, James L. Hughes, Dr. J. B. Willmott, Edward Tyner, J. B. Brine, John Earls, Clemett P. Paun and ...\lbert Ogden. The choir was a prominent feature in this church. In addition to the organ several instruments were used. The leader was ...\lderman Baxter, who was noted for his fine counter-tenor yoice. 294 OF TOROXTO OF OLD CH \rTER XXXVII. JL-tRf'll STREET H..lPTTST CHURCH. FRO)[ an address delivered by the late Rev. R. ...\. Fyfe, D.D., Principal of the 'Yoodstock rollegiate Institute, we learn that the fir t Baptist chapel was built on what was th('n known as l\Iarch Street. " \t the timl (1832) the street had been laid out, hut therp w re scarcely any build- ings on it, and no one could predict that it would not beconw one of the very best stre('ts in the city. Th chapel itself was very far from being attractive to look at, besides heing very small. It could not seat cOlnfortably more than Ull(> hundred and sixty lwoplp. )IisPl'ahle hou eH sprang up all arouud it, awl, what wm still worse, many of thenl were i Ilhaùited by the most vicious and mÎ!s rahle kind of people, so that fhp whole street oon bccanw extrcmely UllSaYOry ill every pn e of the term. " For sixteen long years the outward con- dition of th( Raptists of this city might b<<-' eomparNl to that of those unhappy crim- ina Is who were hy their Tuscan tyrants tied 295 RECOLLECTIO:SS A D RECORDS hand to hand and fare to face with the rot- ting dead. The surroundings of the eh urch were constantly growing worse, and thus the last part of their sojourn there was worse than the first. Often on Sunday evenings a policeman was secured to patrol the side- walk in front of )Iarch Street Church to keep down the uproar which children and others would thoughtlessly or wilfull,v 11lake in the neighborhood. " The first pastor was the Rev. A. 8tewart, who seems to have lllet with SOllIe difficulties as pastor, anù he resigned his office in 1836. The members were not homogeneous, and the three pastors who were stationed in 18-10--1, namely, Rey. :l\Iessrs. ,Yo H. Coombes* (who was sent out frOlll England by the Colonial Baptist !\Iissionary Society of Eng- land in 18-10 at the request of the church), Tapscott and Campbell, were unable to weld or work them together, so in 1844 a large portion of the membership and one-half of the wealth were scattered, never again to be ga thered. " In the last nalned year there were sixty- foul' members on the books. These could not all be found, and they were scarcely * I attended the school of Mr. Coombes in Kingston in 1842-3, and have a book presented to me by him. He was an excellent teacher. 296 OF TOROXTO OF OLD able to raise 400 for the new pastor's sal- ary. This was not a very cheering exhibit after fift en years' work." Doctor Fyfe was called to the pastorate in Septeluber. 1844, and resigned in 1818, in which year thp Bond Street Church was opened for public worship. Up to this date all Inemhers who l.eceived baptism were immersed either in the Toronto bay, at the foot of Bay Street, or at York Iills. Doctor Fyfe was ue(' eded by Doctor Pyper, who continued as minister until 1855. When Doctor Pyppr hecame pastor there were not quite one hundred members, and at the oncIusioll of his Dlinistration they had increased to two hundred and forty-nine. In 1855 Doctor Fyfe again became pastor, and about th cIOH of 1860 the late Doctor raldicott became its pastor until his death in 18H9. He was succeeded by the Rev. ,"'. Stewart, who, owing to his ill-health, resigned his pastorate in Iay, 1872. (Dur- ing his pastorate both Y orkville and Parlia- ment Street Churches were organized.) In the following February he was succeeded by the Hev. Dr. J. II. Castle. The church grew so rapidly that it resulted in the building of the church at the corner of Jarvis and Gerrard StreetR at the cust uf $103,000. The 2 17 RECOLLECTIOXS \ND RECORDS last services in the Bond Street Church were held on the last Sunday in November, 1875. In 1881 the Beverley Street :l\Iission Hall was built. Doctor Castle resigned his posi- tion to accept the principalship of 1\1(' )Iastel' University in April, 1881, which position Le resigned from ill-health in 1889. During an interval of eighteen Illonths the pulpit was supplied hy various preachers and in Octo- ber, 1882, the Rev. Dr. B. D. ThOlnas was called to the pastorate. He resigned in July, 1903, and was succeeded by the Rev. H. F. Perry, D.D., who continued as pastor until 1909, and in )Iay, 1910, the present pastor, the Rev. T. T. Shields, was appointed. Amongst the lllembers of the church in 1840-3 ,vere )lessrs. Robert Cathcart, dry goods luerchant; David .Maitland, baker; Robert Love, druggist; Peter Paterson, Sr., hardware luerchant; John Rose, druggist; 'v. Langley, boot and shoe maker, and Thomas Lailey, Sr. The officers of the church for 1856, which is the earliest record I can obtain, were the following: Pastor, Rev. R. A. Fyfe; deacons, 'YiHhun l\IcMaster, A. T. :McCord, S. Dad- son, Sr., D. Paterson and B. )1. Clarke; treasurer, D. Paterson; assistant treasurer, ,Yo Langley, Sr.; clerk, George Longman; trustees, William l\lc1\1aster, T. Lailey, Jr., 298 OF TORONTO OF OT..D George H. Chene ' and D. Buchan. Nearly all of the above were prominent citizenR. The present trustees (1913) are )Ies rs. George Lugsdin, J. G. Scott, K.C., D. E. Thomson, K.r., LL.D., C. .J. Hohnan, K.C., LL.D., .J. Short Ic)Iaster, R. 8. Hudson, .J ames C. Scott and Thomas ,rilkins; clerk, Rob('rt Lawson.* (The pews in the Jarvis Rtreet Baptist Church ar(' all free.) From the ver ' ma 11 1Je innings in the ehapel on )Iarch Street in 1832, with only ahout six(y-four lHpmbers, the growth of the dellonlination, e p('eiany in r('cent years, has been very rapid, there being now twenty- pight churches and three missions within tllP Jimits of tllP tity awl one in Eglinton, with a total lllelllbl'l' hip of 9,779. * Mr. Lawson has served the church, either as treasurer, deacon, clerk, etc., for the past fifty-four years. A portion of the information given in the above account has been derived from a historical sketch written by him in 1888, largely from personal knowledge. 299 RErOLLECTIO S A D RECORDS CHAPTER XXXVIII. rpHE RICHJIOND STREET lrESLEY AN JIETHODIST CHURCH. THE Richmond Street Church, situated on the south side of Richmond Street midway between Yonge and Bay Streets, on the site now occupied by the )Iethodist Book and Publishing IIonse, to which establishment the property was sold, was, with perhaps the exception of the St. James Street, :Montreal, the largest and nlost influential 'Yesleyan :l\Iethodist church in Canada. It had the largest membership, and indeed often was called the" Cathedral of )Iethodism." Its Sunday school for a number of years was tlw largest :l\lethodist Sunday school in Canada. Though not a handsOlne building it was substantially built, with a portico of four Doric columns, and had a seating capacity for about eighteen hundred, and as many as two thousand have been crowded into the church. In the centre of the church there were a number of square family pews-a most awkward arrangement. It had a very large gallery seating nearly as many as the 300 ..r.. .. . -- -- -=- - .- ... - - 4;, , - ...-- - -- -- :1 I .! , t. . I · ..:- . f. , ,,-- - - I I - .. ,I I I -....;.1 ,;. ., II . :illil lilll!IIIIIIII liiil il mlll ll liliiil;;:illIlIlIlI! lII ' m ! L----- J: J(' II "II '\ II ....1'1: E 1:1' .\11,:1' 110111....1' (' II II:!' II . Ert'dl'd Ix 1-1. tI .......... ,... t j) ', . i '-It" , " 1 C, , -- I!. :-r-i . . f"" I ;r' r : iJ . ff .. J - - - - -...-....... -.-. - - I =1 ....- -& . .. . . I \111-:1. \lIIF :-;I'HEEI' \rETI10IJIST ('" ITIWII. Erp('jptl 1 . OF TORO:STO OF OLD body of the church. I can well remember when a boy going through the church during the time of its construction and being impressed with its-to me-immense size. As there was not a large hall in the city at the time, nearly all the important public religious meetings, inc1 neling those of the Bible Society, were held there. A bequest of all his property, about fl,600, by 1\11'. Thomas Clarke, the hatter (who had been a class-leader and a local preacher, and who carried on business on King near Y onge Street and died in 1843) led to the erection of the church. The lot (100 by 175 feet) upon which the church was huilt was pur- chased from Jesse Ketchum for f862 cur- rency, equivalent to $3,450. The following copy of the inscription of the scroll placed in the corner-stone has been kindly furnished by Irs. C. C. Taylor: "In the name of the e,er blessed Trini t ., this corner- tone was laid by the Rev. )[at- thew Richey, A.:'U., chairman of the 'Yest- ern Canada District, and the Rev. E. Evans, secretary in connection with the British "'? esleyan Conference, on the 20th day of August in the eighth year of the reign of Victoria, A.D. 1844. The Rev. J. P. Hether- ington and the Rev. J. B. Selley being re i- dent minist('rs; l\lesRrF!. .Joseph 'Yilson, J. G. ;101 RECOLLECTIONS A:XD RECORDS Bowes, Thomas Storm, ",Yilliam Osborne, Thomas 'V heeler, Alexander Hamilton, Richard "Toodsworth, Samuel Shaw, John Sterling, Q. and "T. " alker, trustees for this chapel; Richard 'Y oodsworth, builder." The dedication of the church took place on June 29th, 1845, thp Rev. )latthew Richey officiating. Richmond Street Church contained a large body of earnest and devoted Christian workers who gave their tinle and means unstintedly for the prOlllotion of the work of God, and wh08e names are given in the accompanying list. Prayer-meetings under the charge of prayer-leaders were estab- lished in private houses in various sections of the city, and nluch good was accOlllplished in that way. There were no less than twelve class-leaders, sonle of whose classes met in private houses, and fourteen local preachers who worked under a local preacher's plan, and who performed a grand work for the Church, preaching not only in various parts of the city but in the country and some of the neigh boring towns and villages, and occasionally in the city churches. The church had under its charge the con- grega tion worshipping in a small wooden building on the north sid of Richmond Street, west of York Rtreet, called" Rich. 302 OF TOROXTO OF OLD mond Second," in which the colored people held their llleetings. I t will be noticed from the accompanying list that there were several colored local preachers. One of these, Thomas Smallwood, a luan of much earnestness and considerable ability, was most reverential in his manner and had a remarkable gift of prayer. The services of the church were generall;r of much interest, special services were fre- quently held, and there were many conyer- sions under the preaching of th(' nlÎnistel's of the church. Sometimes these were sea- sons of great piritual awakening, and under the ministration of the Rev. James Caughey there was a great revival. \lr. Caughey was a nath'e of Ireland who emigrated to the United 8tate!S. IIe was converted when a young man and ordained a minister of the l\Iethodist Episcopal Church in 1834, when he was about 23 .ears old. This remark- able man did not have a college education but was a diligent student and an extensive reader, and his mind was well stored with the thoughts of the best English writer . His first labors were not attended by any uncommon results. He r('('ords that while stationed aR a mini t{>r at "l'bitehall, New York, in 1839, he was fa'Vored with OH1P rPHwrkahle 303 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS Divine manifestations and received a great spiritual uplift and a commission to go as an evangelist to England, after having first visited Canada. His way having been opened up, he obeyed this call, and in 1840 went to Canada and conducted services in Iontreal and Quebec, where an extraor- dinary influence attended his preaching and there were many conversions. He then crossed to England, visited Ireland, and preached in many cities and towns in both countries, in all of which his labors were crowned with great success, nearly thirty- two thousand having professed conversion under his immediate. labors during seven years. He returned to America in 1847, and spent his summers in literary labors at his residence in Burlington, Vermont, and in the winter months preached in many of the cities in the United States, in some of which he was singularly successful. In November, 1851, he visited Toronto and preached in the Richmond Street and other )Iethodist churches. :\Iany hundreds of conversions took place, numbers were added to the churches, and much interest was created throughout the citJ. He remained in Toronto seven months. The sernçes throughout thp whole period Wf'fr 304 OF TORO TO OF OLD enerally crowded, many coming in from the country and neighboring towns to hear the notable preacher. Ir. Caughey was a many-sided man and a proJific writer. He published several books-three of which I have-containing sernlOns, exp(,l'iences and reflections, with ome ver - fine descriptive passages, all most interesting and inspiring reading. Some of his hooks had an iInmense sale. IIis pu}1- li hers say that ahout seventy thousand of his work were solei in six years. In some respects he was unique. lIe revisited Toronto in 18G8, and continued to lahor in other plaf'es for some time longer. He pent hi last years at X ew Bruns- wick, Sew .Jer e \ anfl died January 30th, ]891, at the age of eighty years. Sunday was a Aomewhat strenuous da;v for some of the members of the church, with class-meeting or morning- Sunday Rc11001 at !) or 9.30; preaf'hing servicp frOlI1 11 tin 12.30; Runday school, 2 to 4:; young men's prayer-meeting- from 4 to 4.30; preaching- sl'rvices from () to 7.30; prayer-meeting, 7.30 to ahout 8.30. "[ might say this was my usual Sunday routine for a numhpr of years. (There was a morning Sunday school until 1880, of whkh rr. )Iarm:uluke Pparson was superinteneient. ) 20 305 RECOLLECTIONS AXD RErORDS The closing and valedictory services of the Sunday school. which were held on Iarch 18th, 1888, were of such an interesting char- acter that I consider them worthy of record. The following extracts from a report in The 1T'" orld of l\Iarch 19th, 1888, will give a fairly good idea of the meeting: "The time-honored pulpit of the Richmond Street :1\Iethodist Church yesterda T gave place to a large platform banked in front with numerous plants and flowers. The occasion was the valedictory in connection with the Sabbath school, and it is almost needless to say that this will long be pleas- urably reluembered by those who were pres- ent. . At two-thirty in the afternoon the sacred edifice was filled to overflowing; th galleries were reserved for the scholars of the Sunday school and their teachcrs and friends, and as one looked up from the reporters' table at the tier on tier of glad, smiling faces, it was plain to be seen that the event being celebrated was a great one in the history of the church and its Sabbath school. In the body of the sacred edifice were a number of citizens, former scholars, and their wives, sons and daughters, amongst whom were John J. 'Yithrow, Aldermen Iillichamp, Gill and Downey, Iessrs. Frank Reynolds, Geo. J. Blackwell, 306 OF TORO TO OF OLD w. F. :l\Iountain, labor reformer A. )lcCor- mick, Alfred Coyel, \.. Hewitt, ".,.. J. Ham- nlond, and Chief of the Fire Department Ashfield. On the platform the following faIlliliar faces were noticed surrounding the chairman: the superintendent of the Sab- bath school, W. H. Pearson; Revs. Dr. 'Vith- row, E. A. Stafford, Hugh Johnston, TholllaR Cullen; ,Yo 'Y. Edwards, Dorchester; )1essrs. 'Yilliam Gooderham, .John Dillon, )fontreal; James Jennings; Richard Brown, superin- tendent of the Sherbourne Street )lethodist Sunday school; Rev. .John Pickering, pastor of the church; Rev. Dr. A. Sutherland; Rev. John ...\.. 'Yilliams, General Superintendent of the Conference; Rpv. "Tilliam Briggs; Alderman Baxter; rp8 rs. H. Turner, Rich- ard Clark, E. )lorphy, Alexandf'r Brown, Thomas G. lason, IIenry E. Clarke, )LP.P. "The admission to tlw afternoon meeting was by ticket only, and it was claimed that fully twelve hundred people, pupils and ex-pupils and teachers of the s("hool, were present. Thp proceedings weI.e opened with prayer hy the llf'v. Thomas CulJpn, a former pastor of the church, which was followed hy a h)'mn. Then thf' chairman, lr. Pearson, arose and on his own hehal f and on behalf of the officers, teachers anò scholars of the Rahh: th school. weleomeò the large audienct:' :307 RECOLLECTIO S AXD RECORDS to the Richmond Street Church. He then gave a ver v interesting history of the Sab- bath school; of the difficulties that had to be met with; of the fightings without and within that had to be contended against and of the ultimate and lasting success of the school. He pointerl with pride to the fact that no less than twenty-four ministers of the Go pel had formerl T been Inembers of the Sabhath school, while to its influences for good are traceable the conversion of many hundreds. " \fter the address of welcome by the superintendent the service partook of the character of an experience meeting, many bearing testimony to thp benefit theJT had derived from the school. while others gave most interesting and touching reminiscences. " \.mongF;t those present were a number of nlinisters and some former pupils and teachers, who came from various places out- side of the city, one as far as from .Montreal. Amongst those who took part were: :l\lessrs. TVilliam Gooderham, who was secretary of the George Street school in 1843; Richard Clark, who had been a teacher in the school for thirty-seven years; John Dillon, of :Mont- real. formerly of the firm of Reford and Dillon, a former secretary of the school and who had seen the corner-stone laid in 1844; 308 OF TOROXTO OF OLD Richard Brown, superintendent of the Sher- hourne Street Sunday school; Edward )Iorphy, the well-known watchmaker; and Alderman John Baxter, so well known at the time. He confessed to mingled feelings of gladness and sadness as he looked down on the' vast lllul titude.' The worthy repre- sentative of St. Patrick's ".,. ard spoke very tenderly of old days in George Street Church anù of its silver-tongued preacher, the Rev. )Iatthew Richf'Y, awl f'topped to wipe away tears as he mentioned the name of his mother. . . . IIe had been greatly benefiteù by his attendance at the Sabbath school and church. )lr. Richard Brown, superintendent of the Sh rhournp Street Sabbath school, said he had attendeò the old Richmond Strf'f't Sunday H('hool and had found much that was good, inclu(ling his wife. Short addresses were also deliv- f'red hy :\11'. Al( xand( r Brown, who ath'nde(l the Sunday Hchool for thirty-two years; [r. James Jennings, who' stood up' with )1r. Pearson wh('n that gentleman was married, and )11'. Edward )Iorphy, to who (> soul in that church thirty-seven years ago nod had spoken peace. "Letters of apologJ for non-attendance were read from :Mayor Clarke, )[1'. G. S. Bowes, Rev. Dr. Alexander Burns, Rev. 309 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS John B. Clarkson, James KeHler, former members of the school. During the meeting the superintendent was presented with a handsomely - framed ill ulninated address. "In the evening the church was again crowded. The speakers were the Rev. Thomas Cullen, Ir. Thomas G. lason, Rev. 1Vm. Briggs, General Superintendent 1Villiams, Rev. Dr. Sutherland, Rev. John Tamblyn, Rev. )larmaduke Pearson, )lr. "Tilliam Edwards and the pastor, Rev. John Pickering. At the conclusion an old-time Love Feast was held, at which a number stood up and told of their conversions and how these were brought aùout in the Sabbath school of the Richmond Street Church." The change in the character of the neigh- horhood from a residential to a business sec- tion, and especially the opening of the )Ietropolitan Church in 1872, with which a large number of the members of the Rich- mond Street Church connected themselves, caused the rellloval of a very large portion of its congregation and melubership, and in 1888 the church property was disposed of and soon after a portion of the congregation removed to the new church on )[cCaul Street. 310 OF TOROXTO OF OI D And thus this old historic church in which multitudes had worshipped, where so man:r faithful and able ministers had proclaimed the Gospel, and regarding which many still retain pleasant and grateful memories, having fulfilled its mis .;ion, came to a close. Commencing in 1852, the following werc the pastors, first of thp circuit comprising Richmond and Queen Street Churches, and later on with Elm Street in<"lllde(l, and after- wards of the church alone: Ilenry 'Yilkiu- son and John Douse, 1 32-3; Ephraim R. Harpel', )1. \., 1833-4; ('harlps Lavell, )1..-\., 1854-5; John Borland, 1854-G; John Lea- royd, 183G-7; .J ames H. Bishop, 1856-8; "T. R. Parker, 1838; George Douglas, LL.D., D.D., 1857-9; \\Y m . cott, 1839; Charles Fish, 1839-G1; J alUes Elliott, 1tH;O-G2; "TIll. Briggs, D.D., 18():!-3; Gitford Dorey, 1 GO-2; 'Vm. Pollard, 1 ()3-:>; \\Y m . 8tephenson, 18G5-6; George Young, D.D., 1 (){)-7; Georgp Cochran, D.D., 1 ü8-9; ,V In. J. Hunter, D.D., 18H8-9; Alexander Sutherland, D.D., 1870-2; T. "Y. Jeffery, 1873-;5; George Young, D.D., 1 7(;-8; I .;aa(" rfovell, D.D., 1879-8]; Thomas Cullen, 1882-4; John Pickering, 1885-7. Thp following were the superintendents of 311 RECOLLECTIONS A:ND RECORDS the Sunday school: George Bilton, * 1840-1 ; .Alexander Hamilton,t 1842-52, inclusive; John )Iacdonald, 1852-3; John Holland, 1854-6, inclush'e; John Iacdonald, 1857; 'Y. H. Pearson, 1858-88. 1\Iinisters of the Go:spd who were mem- bers of the Sunday schoo]: Henry ,Yo P. Allen, George I. Brown, Alex. Burns, D.D., I..IL.D., Thos. ,Yo Campbell, B.D., David C. Clapison,* SolOlllon Cleaver, :U.A., D.D., Richard Clarke, John S. Clarke, .J ohn B. Clarkson, l\l.A., "Till. Codville, D.D., Daniel Connoly, George H. Cornish, LL.D., ,Yo H. Crossley, Alex. Drennan, .Tames E. Dyer, S. A. Dyke, 'Ym. ,Yo Edwards, H. Fisburn, "T!ll. Hawke, John IIough, Luther Hough- ton, Hugh Johnston, 1\1.A., B.D., Jabez B. Keough, Thomas S. Keough, Chas. Lang- ford, - Leach, Andrew )Iilliken, 'Y m. IcDonough, :l\Iarmaduke L. Pearson, Samuel Sing, Oeo. aYf'rs, Enoch ,Yo Skin- ner, "Tm. 'Yood Squire, B.A., l\Iatthew Swann: John Tamblyn, James 'Voods- worth, D.D., R. 'V. ",. oodsworth. A pal.tia] li:st from melllor ' of thosp who were pewholders in the Richmond Street * George Street chapel. t George Street tm 1844. 312 OF TORONTO OF OLD Church is given: 'Vilson R. Abbott (col- ored); l\lrs. Adams, millinery establish- ment; James Aikenhead, hardware mer- chant; "Tillis Addison,t plasterer (colored) ; James .Ashfield, gunsmith; J alnes Austin, grocer; Thomas Bilton, merchant tailor; George Bilton, merchant tailor; Thomas Brown, bookbinder, and his seven sons- Thomas, Robert, John, Richard, ",,'ïlliam, George and Charles; .J. G. Bowes, wholesale dry goods merchant; .J ames Burns, grocer; Ephraim Butt, * carriage builder; James Butt, hlacksmith; Donald Cameron, tailor; Jeremiah f1arty, chandler; Richard Clarke, tailor; ,Yo Boone Clarke, tailor; Henry E. Clarke, trunkmaker; George rline, * leather merchant; John Cornish, hoot and shoe store; Samuel Creighton, turner; R. S. Cuthhertson, confectioner; Georgf' DiHon, accountant; ""Tillimll Edwards, saddler; RoLert Edwards, saddler ; John Eastwuud, dry goods merchant; Jamc!' E. EHis, jewel- leI'; )[I's. Forbes; IIetherington Foster, col- lector and sexton; Alexander IIamilton,*t painter; Richard Hastings,. dry guods Jner- chant; John Higginhotham, boot and shop * t Class-leaders are indicated by a (*) and local preachers by a (t). There was also a women's class led by Mrs. (Dr.) Robinson, and another, the name of whose leader I do not retpember. 313 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS store; Joseph Riggin botham, boot and shoe store; J ames Jennings, dry goods mer- chant; James Keiller, accountant; Jabez B. Keough,t carpenter; Thomas S. Keough,t accountant; George :\Iatthews, shoemaker; Thomas 1Iason and his sons (Wnl. T.,t J. Herbert, Alfred and Thomas G.), account- ants ; John :l\Iacdonald, t wholesalc dry goods merchant; - :l\IcKenzie, grocer; Andrew :Milliken, t shoemaker; Peter 1\IiI ton, tailor; James l\Iink, hotel and livery stable keeper (colored) ; James Patton,. chinaware mer- chant; James Price,* builder; \Yilliam Osborne, N.P., land agent; T. C. Orchard, agent British Oolonist . Iarmaduke Pear- son, dry goods merchant; Robert Phillips, t plasterer (colored); John Purkiss, ship- builder; Charles Rea, shoemaker; Dr. Sladc Robinson;* 'Yilliam Robinson, accountant; John Rogers,tchinaware merchant; James Rooney, grocer; Thonlas Smallwood,t saw sharpener (colored); Richard Score, lller- chant tailor; :Miss Shaw; Samuel Shaw, axe and edge tool factory; David Sleeth, prin- ter; Henry Stephens,t printer; James Ste- phens,t printer; John SterIing,*t boot and shoe store; 'Villiam Steward, * saddler; "'l11iam Tamblyn, carpenter; James Taafe, tailor; Joseph Toye, cabinetmaker; John Tyner, t boot and shoe store; Thomas 314 OF TORONTO OF OLD Vaux, (,lerk, Legislative Assembly; Charles "T alker, nlcrchan t tailor; Charles ,V alker, * salef:;lllan; 'Yilliaul 'Yalker, merchant tailor; John 'Yalker, hook-keeper; Richard 'Yatson, tinslllith; Bcnjamin 'Yalton, stonecutter; \Yilliam 'Yharin, watchlllaker; S. 'Yatson, merchant tailor; Thomas 'Yheeler, watch- 11laker; "-ïlliaul "Tilkim;:, grocer; Richard Yates, * grocer. The organist of the church in 185 was l\liss lIigg-inbotham; Hh(> was followed by )11'. Edward I{a tings, who was organist for many )Tears, anù who was succeeùed by 1frs. Howson. TllP following wcre the trustees at the timc the property waf:; f:;old to the.> )fethodiRt Book ånd Pu bUshing Ilousc in 18g7 : John East" ooù, Ilc.>nry Edwar(l Clarke, John Jacob "Tithrow, '\Tilliam Hc.'nry Pearson, Edward 31. )Iorphy, 'Yillialll Eùwards, Richard Philp, James .Ashfield, Joscph Pat- ter on; 0<:>0. .J. Blat:kwclI, "Tillialll Dever, Thomas Tn hin ham, ....\. )IcCormick, .James IIoblJs, .James BI'in, "Tnl. 'Vharin, 3fark E. Snider. 315 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS .CHAPTER XXXIX. 'PRE REY. ,JAJIES CAUGHEY-AN .L4PPRECIATION. IN Sovember, 1851, in compliance with an in,.itation from the joint quarterly board and the nlinistel's of the Richmond and Queen Street 3Iethodist Churches, the Rev. J aInes Caughey CaIne to Toronto to conduct a series of services for the promotion of a revival in these churches. l\Ir. Caughey was a native of Ireland who emigrated to the United States and was convertèa when a young man and ordained a minister of the Episcopal Iethodist Church in 1834, when he was about twenty-three years old. This remarkable nlan had not a college educa- tion but was a diligent student and exten- sive reader, and his mind was richly stored with t.houghts from the belSt Eng'lish writel':-;. His first labors were not distinguished by any uncommon results. The passage from the writings of Dr. Adam Clarke, the com- mentator, urging that the light and influ- ence of the Holy Spirit were absolutely essential to inlpart power, efficacy and suc- 316 1:1:\, .I\"F:-: ('\I-(;Hn. OF TOROXTO OF OI..D cess to the preaching of the Gospel, led him to a renewed consecration of hhnself and all his powers of service to God and from this time his labors were crowned with much greater success. In 1839, shortly after he was appointed to "\YhitehalI, :K ew York, he contemplated mar- riage, but it became evident to him that it was not the will of God, as he says hp lo t all senH(' of the favor of Ood and his dis- tress and gloom becanle so great that hp could not unpack his library or arrange his study. lIe then earnestly sought dirpt'tioll from God, which was conveyed to him in a remarkablp manner. Quoting fro III his jour- nal: " This was on the 19th J ul ., 183f). The same evening ahout twilight-eternal glory he to God-when reading in the HIlWI1 rOOlll adjoining my study, a light, as I conceived from heaven, reached me; my soul was sin- gularl)'" cahneù and warmed by a strange visitation, and in a mOIl1f'nt r recogllÏí pd the change. The following in substance was spoken to me, but with a manncr and rapidity I cannot pOl'isihly dpscrihe. l vel'Y ray of divinp glory s('('lllpd to b(' a word that the f'ye of my soul could read and something which IllY judgment could IWrceiye and understand. 'The ' matters whkh trouble thee, must be left enti1'ply alone. The will 317 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS of God is that thou shouldst visit Europe. He shall be with thee there and gi \.e thee many seals to thy ministry. He has pro- vided thee with funds. :l\Iake thy arrange- ments accordingly, and next Conference ask liberty fronl the proper authorities and it shall be granted thee. Visit Canada first. 'Yhen this is done, sail for England. (1od shall be with thee there and thou shalt have no want in all thy journeJings, and thou shalt be brought back in safety again to America.' " Like St. Paul, )[r. Canghe v " was not dis- obedient unto the heavenly yision." He asked and obtained permission frOln his Conference in 1840 to visit Europe. Before setting out, however, he visited Canada, where an extraordinary influence attended his preaching, particularly in Quebec and ":!\1ontreal. !1"h.e hundred persons were con- verted under his labors at these places in a few nlonths. Thus encouraged, he set out for England by way of Halifax. IIe landed at Liverpool on July 29th, 1841. After visiting thp 'Yeslcyan Conference then in session at 1Ianchester, and being cordially invited by the Rev. Thonlas ""'augh, a prOlllinent fethodist minister, to visit Ireland, he re-plllhal'kpd at Lh'er- pool and sailed to Dublin, where he opened 318 01<" TORO TO OF OLD his ministry. His first sermon aroused great interest and caused considerable excitelnent and led to his being invited to again preach at night. The services in the chapel were continued for weeks and resulted in thp eon- version of a great many. His success fl.Olll thenceforth was wonderful, almost heyowl precedent. He lahored in Duhlin, Limerick, Cork and Brandon in Ireland, and, l"eCl"u:-;s- ing the chanlwl, held meetings in Liverpool, Leeds, Hull, Sheffield, Huddersfield, York, Birmingham, otting-ham, Lincoln, Roston, Sunderland, Oateshead, Scarhoro, Chester- field, Doncaster, )[aedesfield, "Takefield, and sonlP otlll'r minor towns, until 18-17, when he considered it his duty to return to America. During the f';eypn years of his stay in England and Ireland nearly thirty- two thousand prufessed conversion under his immediate lahm's. After his return )11'. ('a ughe.>y spent his summprH in litpl'aJ.Y lahors at his r(>sidellce in Burlington, Vermont, and during tll(' winter lllonth be.} preadwd succes h.el)' in New York, ...\I1>an ., Providpw'p, Lowell, Pall River, "THrrpll and Cincinnati. In some of these places he was singularly SlH'('cssful. and in all of thenl larg-e nl1mlwl's wpre added to the Church. Then, as stated, he t"arne to 319 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS Toronto in 1851 and commenced his labors in the Richmond Street :l\Iethodist Church. In January, 1852, at the request of some of my l\lethodist friends, I went to hear him preach and was not at all favorably impressed. He actually wept when preach- ing! I therefore concluded that he must be a hypocrite and went awa T considerably disgusted. However, something drew me to the church again, and thi time" the Word was sharper than a two-edged sword," and I became convicted of my sinful condition and the need of at once seeking forgiveness, and when the invitation was given for an who felt their need of salvation to go down to the basement of the church, I, with trem b- ling, found my way there and went forwarrl and knelt at the penitent bench. Yes, I, a member of the Church of England, found myself a penitent at a l\lethodist prayer- meeting and amongRt the people whom hitherto I had not held in much respect. I remained for some time in much darkness and distress, but at last the light broke in and I was able to rejoice in thf' full con- sciousness of forgiveness. After careful consideration, and having read the rules of the )Iethodist Church and attended some of the meetings, I considered it to be my duty to become a member of that 320 OF TORO TO OF OLD Church, where I felt I could receive that help, counsel and sympathy which I could not then look for in thp Church of England. I immediately joined the Sunday school and on February 19th, 1853, was elected a tpaehf'r with three other young men who had united with the church at the same tÍIne as myself (one of whom, :Mr. George Bowes, of :l\Iilton, is living and a few Inonths since was still tpaehing a Bible elm s). I continued as a teacher until December, 1858, and then, when twenty-six years of age, was appointed superintendent and retained that position until l\Iarch, 1888, when the church was clospd. I estimate that over six thousand passed through this school during my super- intendency. I then joined the 1etropolitan Church, where I taught a Bihle clm s for twenty-four yean;, and in 1912 resigned after sixty yevrs' continuous service in thp Sunday school. In April, 1853, I became a class-leader and organized a <.:lass of thirty- five boys, and have led a class continllollsl.v up to the present time. )11'. Caughey carried on his services in Toronto for seycn months (frUIn Sovember, 1851, to the end of J unp, 1852) in thl Rich- mond, Adelaide and Queen Street )Iethodist Churches-principally in the Richulond Street Church, it being the largest. He 21 321 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS preached seven times a week and usually conducted an afternoon meeting on five days during the week. His sermons on Friday nights were on holiness and were almost exclusively addressed to 0hristians. Great interest was crpatpò throughout the city, and the servicps during the whole period were generally crowòed, quite as much so in the dosing weeks as at the hf'ginning-many people coming in from the l'ountry and the neighboring townf': to hear the notable Twpacher. . I was so young at the time that I was not qlia1ified to fully appreciate the merits of Ir. Caughey's òhwourses, but I was f)lways interesteò. henefitpò anò stimnlateò. and I might say sometin1Ps completely carried away hy them. :\lr. raughe:v's appearance as he entered the pulpit always impressed me. It seemed as if hf' had come from the very presence of God, so radiant was his face. He always praYf'd like one who had direct access to the throne of grace, anò sometimes a wonderful inflnencp restpò on the peoplf' while he supplicated God on their hf'half. He was not "That might be called a handsome man; he was dark complexioned. his features regular and his face indicated great strength of character and when in repose was rather stern. His voice was not 322 OF TORONTO OF OLD exactly lllusical but nlost pleasing and of great compass and his enunciation very itis- tinct, so that even when hf' lowered his voke to almost a whisper he could be heard thronghout the whole church. His sermons were gf'nera 11y colloquial and aboundf'il with apt il111 tratjons from many SOllT'Cf'S. TIe spok( with such a kind pf'T'Sl13Sivf'Jlf'sS whf'n pleadin with sinnprs that it seemf'(l to Jue]t f'very Ileart. but at times his denunciations of sin werf' ter- rific as lw pif'tured tlw awful doom that awaiteò thf' impenitf'Jlt. Hf' bplieveò in and preached a matf'rial hell; hf' insisted on T'N:;titution l}eing made by those who had wronged or ilf'frauiled othf'rs, as well as con- ff's!'ion for wrongiloing. Sonwtimf's he was intf'nsely personal an(l wonld address a single indh-idnal in the audif'nce and reff'r to him as "that Ulan who is sitting untler thf' gallf'ry," and apparently f'nòowf'd with prophetic insight he would most graphica11 ' pictnrf' his conòition, without ever having l'f'f'eivf'd any information rf'g'arding him, and not a fpw confe sf'd afterwardR that their casf'S Wf're accnrately descrihf'd. Thp f'fff'ct of his prf'aching was Vf'T'Y remarkahlf'. Oftf'n pf'l'!':ons wonlò make restitution of what tbf' ' had dishonestly taken; others woulcl :H k forgiveness from 323 - RECOLLECTIO:K8 \ D RECORDS those whom they had wronged, and he received numerous letters (some of which he read fronl the pulpit) fronl others whose lives he had described with so much minute- ness, asserting that he had been told all about them and was betraying confidence, which, of course, was not the case. Naturally he raised considerable opposition, was severely criticized and In aligned, and charged with 130 terrifying people that they became insane. l\1r. Caughey, however, was well able to suc- cessfully defend himself against the charges of his detractors. He was a powerful and skilful controversialist and gave his oppon- ent some hard knocks. There was nluch of the militant in his composition, and he was absolutely uncompromising. Occasionally there were extraordinary manifestations of feeling under his preach- ing. Sometimes the whole congregation would be swept as by a lllighty wind, and here and there cries would arise frOlll those in the agony of conviction. And here it may be added that such manifestations were by no means uncommon under the preaching of the Wesleys, Finney and a number of others. 1\11'. Caughey's sound judgment and com- mon sense always enabled him to repress any manifestations of wildfire. 3Ieetings so controlled always resulted in great good to 324 OF TORONTO OF OLD many, thus showing that the manifestations were not those of mere excitement but were the result of divine influence. 1\11'. Caughey, IJ08sessing a cultured and well-stored mind, brought from that treas- ury "things new and old." Sonle of the passages in his sermons were truly eloquent, and he was gifted with a vivid imagination which sometimefo; led him to soar into the regions of fancy. The following passage from one of his stenographically report('d sermons, frOlU the text, " Rejoice evermore, IJray without ceasing, in everything give thanks," 1 Thess. 5: 16-18, is an illustration: "'Yere we called upon to embody and delineate the spirit of the Gospel, we would not dip our penril in the black dye of nwlan- choly, to paint a dark and dismal figure, with cloudy countenance and dismal brow, eIothed in sable, and heaving sighs, with a downcal'it look and a mournful step, as if the world were one wide burial -ground and her pathway was continually among graves; and the only light that gleamed upon that path was the ghastly light that glimmered in n charnel-house; anù the only sound that lllet her ear was the shriek of the death Rtrugg'le and the chant of the funeral dirge. :No; I would dip my pencil in the loveliest hues of h('aVeIl, to paint a bri ht aud beautiful spirit 325 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDA from the skies, with the love of God spark- ling on her countenance and the glory of God beaming on her brow; clothed with gar- ments of light and crowned with a wreath of amaranth; with a smile of such sweet serenity as would tell that all within was peace-the peace of God; and an aspect of holy gladness caught from every sight of beauty Rnd every sound of melody; with a buoyant step becoming a traveller to the skies, and an upward look raised rejoicingly to IIim who is her hope and happiness, and to that heaven from which she came and to which she is returning; walking amidst earth's snares with white robes unspotted by its defilements, or descending from her high and holy communing with God to min- ister to luan's welfare as heaven's minister- ing spirit of mercy; entering the abodes of misery and making the broken heart to sing for joy; visiting the dwellings of rejoicing and hallowing all their happiness with the smile of God." :Mr. Caughey was quite a prolific writer and pu bUshed several books (four at least, three of which I have) containing sermons, experiences and reflections, with some very fine descriptive passages, all lnost interest- ing and inspiring reading. Eleven hundred of his" Revival :MisceUanies" were sold in 326 OF TORO TO OF OLD one week and over ten thousand in about one year. In my copy of his book, "Showers of Blessing," which is the sixth edition, the editor says: "About seventy thousand of Ir. Caughey's works were sold in six years." Regarding one of these volumes the Rev. J. H. Jowett, the well-known pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York, writes in his book, "The Passion for Souls": "I frequently consult a book given to rue many years ago and now out of print (' Earnest Christianity'), an account of the life and journal of the Rev. Janles Caughey. There is much in that journal that relninds one of David Brainard and John Wesley." He had a keen appreciation and enjoy- Inpnt of the beautiful in nature and art, and in parts of his works gives graphic anò eloquent descriptions of scenery and build- ings, including sonle of the old castles in England. His writings contain nlany classi- cal allusions, poetical quotations, and much fine word-painting. In preaching he had the faculty of making scenes and events which he depicted live before you. He was -what might surprise some--a most prac- tical man. IIe insisted on the names and addresses of all professed converts being kept on record, in view of their being looked after, and }l(> pxercised a very careful snppr- 327 RECOLLECTIO S A D RE('ORDS vision oyer this part of the work. He insisted that the church should be properly heated and ventilated and would sOllletimes stop in the middle of a sermon and have the windows drawn down. An article of his on church architecture in an appendix to his "Earnest Christianity" is well worthy of consideration. 1r. Caughey was unique. He copied no one and could not be copied, and certainly must be ranked as one of the three greatest revivalists of the last three-quarters of the past century, and I think the most pictur- esque of them all. Finney's* labors extended over a longer period, but probably his minis- trations did not reach a greater number, while there were more extraordinary man i- fe tations under his ministry and less of human agency-whole communities being swept as by a tornado, sOllletimes even when he was not personally present. And while he had a logical mind and was a profound thinker, he does not appear to me as being anything like as versatile a .Ur. Caughey. We nearly all know 80methillg of :l\Ioody and his wonderful work-a plain, uneducated ., Charles G. Finney, 1792-1875, was first a Presby- terian and afterwards a Congregational minister. He was President of Oberlin College, Ohio, and the author of a number of works, chiefly theological. ;32 OF TOROXTO OF OLD man with great faith in God-his resource- fulness, forcefulness, common sense indom- itable perseverance, fearlessness and entire consecra tion. 'Yhile in Toronto )11'. Caughey was the guest of )Ir. Uicharù Yates, a class-Icader in tbe Richmond Htreet f'hurch (then a direc- tor anù afterwards President of the Gas Conlpany), who guarded him from all "intruders" with watchful care. Naturally there were many who wanted to see and con- verse with :Ur. Caughey, and the house was he sieged by numerous visitors who wanted inh>rviews, hut )Ir. Yates stood guard like a watchdog, and there was" no a"-lmittance" to anyone but the cf':pecially favored or urgent ca e . )11'. Caughey was escorted from the hon e to the church by l\Ir. Yates as if to keep guard over hilll and as they walked soberly and sedately togcther, arlll in arm, it was a picturesque sight. Both werc tall and as )11'. Caughey always wore a cloak it reminded one of the long ago. 'Vhile in Toronto he was almost a recluse, seldon. visiting anyone. I have a ,'olumc of .Mr. Caughey's "Rpvival Iis('ellanies," presPlltcd hy him to )11". Yates, anù which was given to me by onf' of the latter's rclatives, containing the following inscription: 329 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS To Richard Yates, Esq. In presenting this volume to my dear friend, Mr. Yates, a tide of g1'atitude passes over my soul. Never shall I forget the happy months-more than seven of them I have spent under your hospitable roof. Months of mercies from my God and uninterrupted kindness from my friend! 0 may my good and gra- cious Lord lavish his Zoving kindness upon you, as you have upon your grateful guest and brother in our Lord Jesus Christ. JAMES CAUGHEY. Toronto, July 2nd, 1852. The ministers of the circuit, the Revs. Henry -nTilkinson and John Douse, worked in harmony with 1\11'. Caughey, with the cor- dial co-operation of the members of the quar- terly board. 1\lany hundreds professed con- version and united with the church, amongst whom were some who had been noted for their open profligacy and whose Christian lives afterwards showed the reality of the change. The churches were greatly quick- ened and the influence of 1\lr. Caughey's labors widespread, extending beyond the lethodist Church and the city. In 1853 and 1854 Ir. Caughey conducted a series of meetings at Hamilton and Lon- don and in 1868 revisited Toronto. He seemed to have aged very much since his first visit and appeared to be very nervous and somewhat irritable, and, although there 330 OF TORONTO OF OT D were a number of conversions, his sermons were not attended with as much power as at his first visit. lle had in the interval made an unsuitable marriage, which I think ham- pered him in his work. I have had no infor- mation regarding his labors after his depart- ure from Toronto. He spent his last years at New Brunswick, in :Xew Jersey, and it is said that his wife kept so close a watch over him that very few of his numerous friends who called were allowed to see him. He died of heart failure on January 30th, 1891, a t the age of eighty years. It was not my intention to write a biography of the Hey. James Caughey, and I have written this verJ imperfect sketch of him in order that thp pre ent generation Inay have some information regarding a most remarkable man, whose labors in the city resulted in so much spiritual good to the community, the effects of which have been continued down to the present time, and to help to keep green the 1lll'lllory of one to whom under God I owe so much and towards whom I entertained a sincere affec- tion. Perhaps some of IllY readers may think I have said too much and that it is out of place in what purports to be " recol- lections." However, :Mr. Caughey is one of Ill." l'('('oll('('tions. Some of my :Methodist 331 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS friends, and perhaps others, may be pleased to haye this account from one of the few who are left who had the privilege of attending his ministry; and here I might say tha t I think it would be a good thing were sonle publishing house to print another edition of one of :Mr. Caughey's works, say, "Revival 31iscellallies" or "Showers of Blessing." Both are most interesting reading, and I am sure the publication would prove helpful to anyone interested in the work of God, whether in the :Methodist or any other Churt:h. 3; OF TORO TO OF OLD CHAPTER XL. THE REV. DR. DOUGLAS-A_")' APPREOIATION. IT will be seen that the list of ministers of the Richmond Street Church, previously referred to, contains the naInes of some of the most prominent and able ministers of the )Iethodist Church-men who have occu- pied some of the lllost honorable and impor- tant positions in the gift of the Church and which they have filled with great credit to themselves and much benefit to the com- nlunity and whose nanles are as "household words." It would not be desirable to attempt a biographical sketch of any num- ber of thesp excellent men, as it would extpnd theHc recollections be .ond a reason- able length, but I have thought that a brief and necessarily very inadequate tribute to one whose memory is held in affection and adnliration by aU who knew hiIll would be appreciated. I refer to the Rev. George Douglas, LL.D., D.D., who was the superintendent minister of the Toronto West circuit (Richmond, 333 RECOLLECTIONS A D RECORDS Queen and Elm Street Churches) in 1857-9. Dr. Douglas was born in 1825 at Ashkirk, Roxburghshire, Scotland. His parents were PreRbyterians. The family emigrated from Scotland to Canada in 1832 anrl settled in the city of Iontreal. Dr. Douglas' early education was limited. On Ipaving school he was employed as an assistant in a -:\Iont- rpal hool\:store, after whirh hp was an apprentÏ('e to the trade of a hlackRmith. anrl then pntprerl into partnpJ'l'Ihip with hil'l pliJpst brother .Tames, who waR a rarpentpJ' and huilder. Onotin from Dent's" ranaòian Portrait Oanery ": "l\feanwhile hp haò lwrome an insatiablp rpaòpr anò òevonrprl with eager- ness whatever bookl'l ramp in his way. Hi 1'1 facu1tiel'l spemeò to havp òpvplopp(l some- what l::ttp, but before he haò reaf'hpò man- hoorl his friends anò arquaintanf'e hegan to rpf'ognize thp fact that he wal'l eudoweò with nnul'lual powprs of minrl. Upon any snhjPct which el'lppcially attraf'tpò his atten- tion be was wont to express himl'lelf with an eloquence and a wpaltb of i1Jul'ltrntion 81Wh as is not often hearò from a youth imppr- fpctly eònrateò anò who has not enjoyed the aòvantage of association with cultureò minds." 334 OF TORONTO OF OLD He and his two hrothers, James and John, wprp invitpà to nttpni1 n 1\ff'tboòist Snnàay school, and eventually thp whole family òrifted into the )fpthoi1ist folà. During a great revival in the olà St. James' Street rburch in 1843 thp three boys were con- vprted nnàpr thp prf'nrhing of thp Rpv. ""'il- linm Rqnirp nnrl joinpi1 the chnrrh. (}porge Douglas then becanw a <'lass-lender. In process of time he bpcamp a loral prearhpr, and having passed his thpologiral examina- tions in 1848, when in his twenty-third ypar, he wa received as a prohationpr for thp ministry. "Tn 18-H) IlP was rpromnwnòpò by tIle T owpr ranaòa Distrirt to attpnà thp ,"Yps- leyan Thpologirnl Institnte at Rirhmonà, in Englnnrl," hnt tllp miRRionary RPrrptnrips wnntpà hplp for Bprmnrla anà he was Spf'- ('ia By ori1ainpd in 1farrh. 184!). anà spnt there aA a miAsionary. Thprp IlP lahorpd with grpat arrpptanre at Rt. (}porgp's, Rt. Da,ià's, anà Hamilton (Rpv. Dr. Hugh .T ohnston, who snent some WPf'l\:s in TIpI'- mnrla four years ago, statps thnt nftpr shty ypars thp name of (}poI'gf' Dong-las wns still as "ointment ponrpò forth"). hnt nftpr about two ypars' lahor hp wns spizpò with malarial fp,pI' Hnrl hæmoptysis (or hloorl spitting) nnd wns oh1igprl to return home 335 RECOLLECTIO S ...\XD RECORDS to Iontreal, assured by his physician that he would not be able to preach. The next fall he entered the fcGill :i\Iedical College, but after two winters, finding his health improved, he returned to his loved work of preaching and supplied the East End church, :Montreal. In June, 1854, he was appointed to Kingston, where he remained until 1856, and during his ministry there was united in lllarriage to l\Iiss )Iaria Pearson. He was then, in 1857, when but thirty-two years of age, appointed superintendent minister of t.he Toronto west circuit, then the most important one in the :Methodist connexion, comprising the Richmond, Queen and Elm Street Churches, where he spent three years. He had already established a reputation as a powerful and eloquent preacher, which he more than maintained, and the church in which it was his turn to preach was almost always fiUed. He was taU and of COllll11and- ing appearance. He had dark hair, a fine head and his face indicated the nobility of his character. He had a marvellous voice-such a one as at once COlllluanded attention. I do not remember having ever heard one to equal it. It was full, rich, resonant and yet most melodious and of great compass, and when pleading with men it was soft and full of pathos. 336 OF TORO TO OF OLD He had a most attractive personality and great personal magnetism. His naturally highly-elHlowed mind was storpd with treas- ures from nlany sources. His lofty flights of oratory were almost sublhlle. Sometimes he poured forth a torrent of eloquence that stirred the souls of his audience to their very depths. 'Yhat he said was always ele- vating and calculated to bring out what was best in those who hpard him. Though his sermons oftpn contained references which evidenced that he was a widely-read man and had" intermeddled with all wisdom," he was never pedantic. TIp was a close reasoner and could demolish the strongholds of infidelity. II p had a wonderful conception of the majesty of the Divine Being and of the grand and beautiful, and had in the highest degree the quality which the phrenologists call" sublimity." IIp was always interest- ing and never commonplace, hut it was hh; qualities as a man and his dcyotion as a Christian and a Christian minister that called forth my highPHt admiration. It was impossihk to ('oncpin' of George Douglas condescending to anything that was not high or noble. UP wa always aboveboard and hated shams, and would administer wathing l'phukes to tho e who wert> guilty 22 :33'1 RECOLLECTIO S AKD RECORDS of dec ption or trickery; but he was most sympathetic toward those who were in trouble or distress, and was humble-minded notwithstanding his great popularity, never thrusting himself forward. He had a sense of humor, but I never heard him joke; as for trifling, that was impossible for him. I han:} heard Dr. Pun- shon lecture and preach, but, eminent as he was both as a lectul' r and prpacher, and though I was profoundly impressed, edified and charmed by his dis{,ollr e , in my humble judgment his eloquence did not reach th heights of that of Doctor Douglas, nor had he his magnificent voice. Doctor Douglas held the highest offices within the gift of the Church-President of thp )fontreal Conference in 1877 and of the G nera] Conference in 1878. The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by the IcGill University of "l\Iontreal in 1870. He had an international reputation and had been deputed to represent tlw Church at th(' g-reat ecclesiastical g-athering-F; of Ohristen- dom, amongst the e the Young )Ien's Chris- tian Association International ronv('ntions at "\"Yashington, Philadelphia, Indianapolis and Chicago; at the Evangplical ...\1liancp anò at the General Conference of the Ieth- 338 OF TORO TO OF OLD odist Episcopal Church in the southern States. I twas while in Toronto tha t the dire effects of the 11lalarial poi on began to nmni- fp t themselve , cau ing atrophy of the nerves and musdes and dp troying pnsation and the power to use the pen with his right hand. He then learned to write with his left hand, and W]lPn this too lost its cunning he f'lllployed an ingeniously ('on tructed writ- ing-machinp. Quoting from a letter received from the Rev. Dr. Hugh Johnston (now of Baltimore), who wa his junior colleague in the Griffintown Church, )Iontreal, and who ever after was a close personal friend: " ..It this tinw he was told by Do('tol' Brown- Sequard, the great nervp specialist, what was before him, not immediate death hut ever-growing infiJ.mity. He fillpd out his thrpp years in IIamilton, and aftpr a year of ret.irement was appointed to Griffintown Church, [ontrea1. " .A fter thrpc years he wa called, in 18(\7, to the great St. James Strppt rhurch (:\[ont- real) . " In 1870-3 he had charge of the DOIuinion Rqnarp and Rt. Jospph Strpet f1hurches, when he was calIp(] to the newly-(' tahlishpd ""'esleyan Theolog:ieal College of :l\Tontreal. ..\hont thi time the dpppp t of 3:39 RECOLT..ECTIONS AND REflORDS shadows fell upon binl-the dreadful disease which had deprived him of sen ation in his limbs and made it difficult for him to get ahout now invaded his sight. Crushed and broken, he was not forsaken, but was able to accept the Divine will. "Removed from the outer world, he had rich visions of the unseen and eternal, and his patience and resignation of spirit were complete. Thus he lived and lahored and suffered, and perhaps exerted the greatest, deepest, most beneficial, most abiding influ- ence on the Church when responding to the calls for service, his devoted wife heing ever at his side and his daughters being eyes and hands to him in the library and in the hOlne. " A great sorrow fell upon the ...Uethodist world and upon the Church of God on earth wben on February 10th, 1894, be passed from us. But for him the veil was rent asunder and he saw with undimmed vision 'the .King in His beauty' and heard 'the bells of the Holy City-the chinws of eternal peace.' " Doctor Douglas preached on the evening of J unc 11th, 1893, in the l\fetropolitan Church, when I had the privilege of being present. His text was Roman 13: 30: " Now I beseech you, brethren, for the l..ord J esu Christ's sake, and for the love of the 340 OF TOROXTO OF OLD Spirit, that ye strive together with me in your prayers to God for nle." One of his hymns was the 470th, beginning with the words, "Oh, for a faith that will not shrink." He was truly a pathetic, yet a heroic figure. Totally blind, he had to be helped to the platform. One arm was ban- daged and useless. His imperial intellect was as clear as ever and there was not much change in his voice, though his utterances were sometimes a little thick, but his elo- quence held the congregation spellbound. It was a heroic and magnificent effort and his last nlessage to that congregation, and produced a profound impression. After the service his friends pressed around to greet him, and when I shook his hand and gave him my namc I shall never forget the kindly, affectionate tonc with which he greeted me and his apparent utter self-forgetfulne::;s. :Kinc l1lUnth after thi he pa :scu a way to his reward. The words of Antony regarding Brutus can be appropri- ately applied to him: " Ilis life was gentle; and the dements bO mixed in him, that nature might talld up and say to all the world, , ThiH was a man!'" Still better than this, " lIe was a Christian.') 3.11 RECOLLECTION A .\. D RECORDS CHAPTER XLI. THE JIE:PROPOLITA V C/lUllCH. IT was not my intention to carry my recol- lections later on than fifty years ago, except- ing by very brief referenc s, but as the :Metropo1itan lethodist Church is the suc- cessor of the Adelaide Street Church, which was the successor of the old King Street Church, built in 1818 (the oldest )lethodist Church in Torunto), anù as the building of the :Metropolitan was quite an epoch in Canadian lethodism, I have considered that I should make an exception with regard to it. The origin of the undertaking is very interesting. The idea of purchasing the lcGill Square for the purpose of building a church thereon originated in the luind of the late Rev. Dr. Anson Green. The Bank of l\lontreal held a mortgage of $25,000 on the propert.y and had taken possession of it and offered to dis}Jus of it to the city for a city hall for the aillount of the mortgage. 'The council, thinking that the bank wanted to "unload on them," held back their accep- 342 OF TORO TO OF OLD tance, and made some reflections upon the General l\lanager, 1r. King, who, being incensed at their conduct, withdrew the offer and declined having any further nego- tiations with them. Doctor Green had seen the account of this decision in a morning paper, and when walking down Church Street past the property, the thought sud- denly struck him, "\V ould not this be a splendid property on which to builù a :l\Iethodist church?" The more hp thought about it the more the impression took hold of him. l\leeting l\lr. Benjamin \Valton, the builder, he Inentioned th( matter to him, and l\lr. \Yalton was so favorably impressed with the idea that he told Doctor Green that he might put his name down for a subscription of $1,000. A little further on the Doctor met 1r. David Thurston, the then United States Consul, and mentioned the matter to him, and he too offered a sub- scription of the same amount. Doctor Green then consulted Doctor Ryerson, who at once became favorably impressed, and together thpy caIled on Rev. lorley Pun- shon, anù the project reccived his imnlediate approval. A meeting of a number of the pJ"on1Ïn- ('nt )IethodistlS belonging to the various churches was caIlcd and thp mnttpl" laid 343 RECOLLECTIO S ..\.SD HECORDS before thelll and enthusiastically received. Other subscriptions were offered and a deci- sion arrived at to purchase the property. Negotiations were entered into with the manager of the Toronto bralich of the bank, l\lr. Yarker, and an option given to purchase the property for the amount of the nlort- gage. On September 16th, 1868, the day the option expired, the Rev. Dr. Ryerson and 1\11'. A. T\'". Lauder called upon the Inanager and asked for an extension of time but were informed that unless the offer was at once accepted and an instalment of $5,000 paid, it would be withdrawn, as there were others ready to purchase the property at an advanced price. Finding a postponement beyond that day (Saturday, one o'clock) could not be obtained, these two gentlemen then gave their personal cheques for $2,500 each, and the transaction was closed forth- with, the deed being made to the Rev. Dr. Lachlan Taylor. (I am indebted to l\lr. T. G. )lason for most of the above informa- tion. ) As a llla tter of course, a very large amount of work and responsibility rested upon the cOl1ul1ittcp, of which the Reverend :Morley Punshon was chairman and )11'. W. T. "l\Iason became e('retary-trpasllrer, and it must be said that both of th(' e gentlemen 34-1: OIi TOHO TO Ol OLD went most enthusiastically into the work, involving so much laùor and executive ability, and to them in a large degree is due the successful carrying out and conl- plction of this great undertaking. The hardest part of the work, involving the supervision of the building operations and the various payments in connection wi th th construction of the building, devolved u pon lr. lason, to whom the church is greatly indebted. De igns for this new church were 1llver- tiseù for, and finally those prepared by )11'. Henry Langley were adopted and the I urn p tender of $G9,000 of )lr. Jospph Geilring accepted. Later on, however, it was founù necessary to add an additional 8,OOO to complete the building. The ,.ldelaide Street property had been sold for $1:>,000, and at the time of the laying of the corner-stone $27,000 had been 8ubscribpd. The corner- stone was laid by the Rev. Dr. Ryerson on August 21th, 1870, with appropriate cere- monies before a large concourse of people, amongst whom were the Revs. .:\Iorlcy Pun- shon, Evan!':, Green, Ryerson, "? ood and Dr. Jennings (of the United Presbyterian Church), and Revs. le srs. Rose, Huther- land, Cochran, Dewart, Barrass and F. H. l\Iarling (of the Congregational Church), :3t.j RECOLLECTIONS .AND RECORDS and 'v. ,v. Ross, and :Messrs. "T. T. l\Iason, Judge Duggan, A. W. Lauder and A. H. Dymond. Pending the conlpletion of the building, the .Adelaide Street Church having been disposed of, the congregation wor- shipped in a large wooden tabernacle erected on the southern end of the lot near Queen Street. The following is the inscription on the scroll in the urn placed in a cavity of the corner-stone: GLORIA IN EXCELSIS DEo. On this, the twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, being the thirty-third year of the reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, the cor- ner-stone of this edifice, to be used for the worship of Almighty God, and known as the "Metropolitan Wesleyan Methodist Church," McGill Square, Toronto, was laid in the name of the Holy Trinity, with due sOlemnity and with appropriate religious services by the Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D.D., LL.D., Chief Super- intendent of Education for the Province of Ontario. OFFICERS OF THE CONFERENCE. Rev. W. Morley Punshon, M.A., President of the Conference. Rev. Ephraim Evans, D.D., Co-Delegate. Rev. Alexander Sutherland, Secretary of the Confer- ence. Rev. Samuel Rose, Book Steward. Rev. Edward Hartley Dewart, Editor. Rev. Enoch Wood, D.D. Rev. Lachlan Taylor, D.D. Secretaries of Missions. 346 OF TOROXTO OF OLD RESIDEXT MINISTERS OF TOROXTO. Rev. George Cochran (Toronto East), Rev. Alexander Sutherland (Toronto West). Rev. Hugh Johnston, M.A. (Toronto West). Rev. W. Smith Griffin (Toronto North). Rev. E. Evans, D.D. (Yorkville). Rev. W. W. Ross (Berkeley Street). Rev. E. Evans, D.D., Chairman of Toronto District. Rev. George Cochran, Financial Secretary. TRUSTEES. OF THE CHURCH. Rev. W. Morley Punshon, M.A. Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D.D. Rev. Anson Green, D.D. Rev. Enoch Wood, D.D. Rev. Lachlan Taylor, D.D. Rev. Samuel Rose. John Macdonald. Abram W. Lauder, M.P.P. William T. Aikins, M.D. William T. Mason. John Charlesworth. ARCHITECT. Mr. Henry Langley. Charles Moore. John Morphy. John Rowland. George Flint. John Segsworth. .J ohn Garvin. James Myles. J ames Paterson. Thomas G. Mason. Edward Leadley. Rev. George Cochran, as superintendent min- Ister of the Toronto East Circuit. CO TRACTOU. Mr. .Joseph Gearing. GOVERXOR-GE:VERAL OF THE DOMI IO OF CANAD \. His Excellency Sir .John Young, Bart., K.C.B. LIEUTENANT-GOVER OR OF ONTARIO. Hon. William Pierce Howland. MAYOR OF TORONTO. Samuel Bickerton Harman, Esquire. · Of the above named Mr. T. G. Mason Is now (1914) the only survivor. 347 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS The following is from a very full report of the impressive dedicatory services held on April 4th, 1872, pubJished in the Mail of the 5th of that month: The church was crowded "in every cor- ner." The Rev. Mr. Punshon entered the church, accompanied by the Rev. Dr. Tif- fany, of Newark, N.J.; the Rev. Enoch Wood, Secretary of the :Missionary Society; the Rev. Dr. Ryerson, Chief Superintendent of Education; the Rev. Dr. Green, the Rev. Dr. Taylor and the Rev. l\lr. Cochran, minister of the l'tfetropolitan Church, witb several others, clergymen and laymen. The Rev. }1essrs. Punshon, Tiffany and "r ood took seats upon the platform, while the others occupied places within the altar rail. The Rev. l\lr. Punshon opened the dédica- tory services according to the prescribed form. After the singing of a hymn an extempore prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. 'Yood. After the singing of another hymn the sermon was delivered by the Rev. Dr. Tiffany. On the conclusion of the sermon, prayer was offered by l\fr. Punshon. A collection was then taken up, under- stood to be $360. 348 OF TOROXTO OF OLD Ir. Punshon then made a further and spe- cial appeal to the congregation; he stated "that the entire edifice, together with the ground it stood upon, had cost $133,000, and that $60,000 of that amount had already been provided for, leaving $72,000 or $73,000 yet to be raised. Supposing it possible to carryon the services of the church with a debt of $50,000, that would leave $22,000 or $23,000 to be obtained to-day," and he expressed the belief that with God's aid they would be able to get the anlount required. :)Ir. David Preston, of Detroit, was intro- duced and made a stirring appeal to the assemblage to raise SOlne $24,000 before leaving the building, and by two o'clock $21,000 had been subscrihed. Another crowded meeting was held in the evening, when further contributions of 5,150 were received, which, adfled to the $21,] 00 taken up in the morning; $360 in the morning open collection; $1,000, the esti- mated proceeds of the sale of tickets; and $;)00, the estimated returns of the bazaar Rales, hrought up the total contributions of the day to the princely sum of $ 8,110. Subsequently, contributions hrought up tlw amount to $32,000. At this meeting the chair was taken by Ir. John :Macdonald, who delivered an addres , as did also )Ir. i RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS Punshon, who said that of the $60,000 paid prior to the dedication services, only $3,000 had been subscribed by outsiders. There was 3 grand musical s('rvice, and tlwse not- able meeting's wpre hrought to a close by singing the National Anthem. Here, it may be mentioned that the Young :){en's :McGiIl Square Association undertook to provide the organ, then one of the largest in Ontario. Since the erection of the church the build- ing containing the lecture-room and parlors has been greatly enlarg('d, important altera- tions have been made to the interior of the church including the building of a magnifi- cent new organ (the ift of }lrs. 1\f assey- Treble), thp wholp of thesp alterations together involving an expense of tens of thousands of dollars. In addition a hanfl- some and COlllmodious parsonage, com- pletely furni hed, the gift of ::\Ir. Chester ::\[assey, has he en erected within the church grounds. The church, situated in the centre of a magnificent square of nearly three acres, is, with perhaps the exception of th(' St. James Church in Jlontreal, the largest and finest :l\Iethodist church in the world, and is one of the nlost prominent architec- tural objects in thp city. The building of th(' church has exerted a wide influence towards the improvement of oth('r church :350 OF TOROSTO OF OLD edifices, not only in the city but throughout the country. It has had a succession of eminent mini!'ters, who have proclaimed the truths of the Gospel with faithfulness and power, and great good has resulted from their ministration!'t The church has exerted a great moral and spiritual influence upon the surrounding neig'hborhood, and while most of its original llwmbers have passed away and a number of its strong-est sup- porters have removed from the 10l'ality, the church, which nlay now be caned a " down- town" church, has a great mission and is now doing a mo!'t important work in the neighborhood. ""'hile the morning congre- gation is largely composed of melnbers of th church, the evening Rervices are crowded by many who would probahly not otherwise have heard the Oospel, including a great number of young men. The church is entirely free frorH debt and there is douht- less before it a great future in many flirec- tions, especially in carrying on institutional work. The following is a list of tlw pastors of tlw church: George rOl'hran, 1870; John Potts, D.D., 1873; "Tilliam nrigg , D.D., 187(;; John Potts, D.D., 187!}; ITugh .Johnston, )I.A., B.D., 1882; E7.1.a A. Rtafforò, )LA., LL.B., 1883; Leroy IT ool\.pr, 1888; fJohn V. 351 RECOLLECTIO:NS AND RECORDS Smith, B.D., 1891; J mnes Allen, l\I.A., 1894; R. P. Bowles, 1\1.A., B.D., 1897; 'Yilliaul Sparling, B.A., B.D., 1901 ; Solomon Cleaver, l\I.A., B.D., 1905; 'V. L. Armstrong, B.A., D.D., 1909; J. 'V. Aikens, 1913. The following comprise the present board of trustees: T. G. l\Iason, Edward Gurney, Dr. E. J. Barrick, A. J. 1\Iason, Dr. J. B. ",,'ìlllllott, B. E. Bull, George Kerr, Hon. J. J. l\IacIaren, F. Roper, A. W. Carrick, C. D. l\Iassey, W. H. Pearson, G. H. Parkes, T. H. lason, A. R. Clarke, N. 'Y. Rowell, I{.C., H. C. Cox, ,Yo P. Gundy, W. G. Francis, C. Vincent l\lassey. Suppl'intendents of the Sunday School: ThOlnas Xixon, 1872; James Paterson, 1872; J. B. Boustead, 1879; Alexander l\Iills, 1891; A. ,Yo Carrick, 1894; H. S. Park, 1905; R. Burrow, 1911; H. S. Park, 1913. The organists of the church: - Turn>y, 1872; Dr. F. H. Torrington, 1873-1907; H. A. 1Yheeldon, )[us.Bac. (Can tab.), 1907- 1913; T. J. Pallllpr, A.R.C.O., 1913. Choirmaster: Â. L. E. Davies, 1910. 352 .l-; OF TOROST() () -, 01 n CHAPTEU XLII. THE YOUNG JlEN'S OHR1STIA"}' .tlSS00IA T10)l. As is generally knuwn, this important and valuable institution was formed by ir George ",\\Tilliams in London in 1844, and which frolll very 8mall beginnings has its ramifications through lliOst of the civilized countries in the world. The knowledge of this work came to .\nlerica in 1851 at three ditff'rent celltre -:Montreal, Boston ani) New York. To ..\lontreal helon s the honor of forlning the first Young )1 en's Christian AbsodatioD in Anlerica, the Rev. I.". H. Iar- lin b , the JniniHtpr of thp firHt rongl'egational CllUrdl in roronto, hping the chairman of the meeting for its organization. In IS=>3 1\11'. John II olland, who had hcell thp recol"llillg ccretary of the Nasmith Sodf'ty in )Iontrf'al (an a sociation of a somcwhat siIniIar charaèter to the Y ollng ?tIen's Christian .\ uciation, organizcd in :Muntreal by ::\lr. David Xasmith), rpmoved to Toronto and in December of that year organized a Young Men's rhristian \s ocia- 23 3153 UECOLl }1 CTIO\" AND HErORD tion and became its spcrptary. The lueeting for the organization was held in Ir. Hol- land's house on thl A north side of King Street, lwtween Church and Toronto h'eets, and regular nlCetingR were afterwards held in the :Meehanics. Institute, Court Strpct. ()lr. 1loUand was from 1854 to 18=:>6 super- intendent of the Riehmond Stl'Cpt l\fetbodist Sunday Rchool.) "'\Then several Toronto (.hurche organizeò their own Young )[en's ÂSBociations the movement languished, and after about four years the A\ssociation dis- banded. The work of the first Assol'iation was chiefly devotional and eY lngeIistic. The offif'ers of the Assoeia t.ion for 1855 were: President, John Holland; First Vice- President, :l\Iatthew Sweetnaln; Second Vice- Presidpnt, .J mnes Boyd; Treasurer, Alexander Christie; CorreSIJunding Secre- tary, Charles H. Brooke; Recoròing ecre- tary, "T. Russell Ross. Tlte committee was made up of the follow- ing: 1\le88r8. J. A. rreighton, James '''byte, G. H. Cornish, T. Sellar, Thomas Saunders, .John Forsyth, George Carey, R. Reynolds, "TiIIium Forest, J alnes Thom, Rohert \YiIkes, A. C. Srarth. From "The IIistorical Sketch" of the 'forouto Y onng j\I l1.s Christian A lSodation, 3õ4 OF TORO TO OF OJ..D just published, we learn that, according to an unpublished letter from )lr. F. W. King- stone, and fro III which most of the above information has been obtained, a Young Ien's r'hristian Association was first formed in connection with the St. James' Cathedral in 1861, the meetings of which were held in thc basement of the old Sunday school building at the corner of Adelaide and Church Streets. )Ir. Kingstone says: "l\Ir. Robert Bald- win (a son of the Honorable Robert Bald- win), with perhaps the assistance of one of the othcr members of the .Association, was in the habit of visiting the sailors of the dif- ferent vessels at Toronto on Sunday morn- ings and getting them to attend service on board onf' of the ships in the harbor, and occasionally he was able to get a clergyman to preach to them. Some of the other mem- bers, including Inyself, llsed to attend at thf' hospitals and read to the patients there on Sunday afternoons, and I think there were also some others who attendecl at thf' jail for the same purpose." Some time afterwards 1r. Baldwin went to Ir. Kingstone and told him that he had been talking to ROmf' othf'r young men belonging to other denominations with a 23a qð5 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS view to forming an undenominational y oung Ien's Christian Association. At l\lr. Baldwin's request 1tlr. Kingstone accom- panied him to the residence of Ir. James Campbell, a well-known bookseller, to dis- cuss the matter of the organization of an undenominational Young len's Christian Association. 1tfr. John Campbell (after- wards Professor Campbell, of Montreal) was present at this interview. " A constitution and by-laws were adopted at a later meeting. The first permanent officers of the Association, in 186-1, were: President, Robert Baldwin; First Vice- President, A. W. Lauder; Second Vice-Presi- dent, David Fotheringham; Secretary, John Campbell; Treasurer, A. Savage. The manag- ing committee: fessrs. Kingstone, Squire, Adams, :l\IcCord, 1\fcDonald and Bain. "About a dozen persons were present at this meeting, which was held in 1\11'. Camp- bell's home. Among them were :l\fessrs. Robert Baldwin, John Campbell, F. ".... Kingstone, barrister; lr. (afterwards Rev. ) George H. Squire, Iethodist minister; Ir. (afterwards Rev. Dr.) J. fonro Gibson, of London, England; and fr. David Fother- ingham, afterwards Inspector of Schools for North York. 356 OF TORO:NTO OF OLD "After securing information as to the working of similar associations elsewhere, a second meeting was held three weeks later at )Ir. Baldwin's residence, 65 Shuter Street. It was not considered advisable, however, to formally organize until a year later, prayer-meetings meanwhile being held in the hasement of Temperance Hall on Temperance Street. On the 18th February, 1864, the organization was formally com- pleted. The first annual 1JuRiness meeting was held on November 1st of that year, when Professor Daniel "Tilson was elected Presiden t." The first meetings of the Association were held in the Temperance Hall on Temperance Street in 18f)4, and in 1865 the .Association moved to rented rooms (151 Y onge Street), and in 1868 met at 34 King Street East. In the samc year the ..\ Ho('iation was incor- porated and in 1R69 the firRt Oenpral Secre- tary, l\Ir. Thomas t.T. "Tilkie, was appointed. In 1872 Shaftesbury Hall. at the north.east corncr of Queen and .J ames Rtrpet, was huilt. In 1882 the Wf'!-:t End hranch was formed. In 1887 the Young Ien's r'hristian Association Building' wa erpctf'd at the corner of Y ongp and '[cOill Rtreeb;;, and in 1913 thp plf'ndid npw rentral Branch huilding was opened. 357 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECORDS I relllem ber the heginning of the Young l\len's Christian Association in Toronto in 1853, and was personally acquainted with a number of thosp who took part in its organi- zation. I often met 3Ir. Robert Baldwin, whose self-sacrificing efforts and devotion won my admiration. a58 OF TORO:STO OF OLD CIL-\PTER XLIII. TOROYTO OF TO-D.--ty. '\T ERE a former resident of Toronto, who had not hel'n there for say twenty-five years, or even less, to visit it at the present tÏIlle lw would have difficulty in recognizing it as the SaIue place, so great have been the changes that have taken place in its appearance. That Toronto is now an important city will not be questioned. ..\s to population (approximately 500,000) it may be classed with such cities as Detroit, Buffalo, Pitts- burg, San Francisco and Los Angeles, and during the past four years has grown Inorp rapidly than any of these cities with thf' exception of Los Angeles. It has a great(>r population than that uf St. Louis (460,357), Boston (416,507), Baltimore (433,639), in 18!)o, and is about equal to that of Chicago (503,185) in 1880. It has become an impor- tant commercial, financial, educational, manufacturing, lIlu ,d('al and religions cen- tre. Its numerous and varied industries arc expanding and new ones are being con- 359 RECOLLECTIONS AND RECOR.D stantly added. Palatial financial and com- mercial buildings, some of them skyscrapers, have been erected, in many instances replac- ing large and substantial structures which a few years ince were of anlple capacity and were looked upon with pride by the citizens; and now more skyscrapers, loftipr than the others, are being built. Toronto has for some time been noted for its attractive private residences, which are rapidly increasing. In the outlying sections of the city buildings are going up like mush- rooms, and where a year or two since there was nothing hut open fields, now rows upon rows of buildings cover the ground; in fact, the whole aspect of some localities has been changed in less than a year. To mention some of Toronto's spedalties: Its National Exhibition is unef}ualled by any annual exhibition on the continent as to its buildings, variety of exhibits and attend- ance. One of its departmental stores ranks amongst the largest in America. I ts postal business is by far the largest in Canada. It is noted as a great convention city. Iany of its numerous educational institutions and churches are large and architecturally beau- tiful buildings. Its streets are well paved and well kept, and the numerous shade trees 360 OF TORO TO OF OI.D which line most of its resiùential streets add greatI . to their attractiveness. It is estimateù that within the next ten years tlw enOl'nlOUS sum of $100,000,000 will be spent on great civic improvements. This will include the new Union Station and improvements on the water-front, the estab- lishment of great industrial areas with water and rail faciJities, the filling in of \shbrinton. .Tohn. bio raT\hi('al sketch. , . . . . 0 . , . . . . . , !'í!'í First r ilway in Canada......... _ . _ _ . . 0 . _' 191 Freer. Edward R, ftrs:t Post OftÌC'!> Tns!:>pctor. , , . . . . 1 R Funeral. a remarkable. _ . 0 . . , _ 0 . . _ . . , . _ . _ . . . . _ . . . 2RR FlIrntF'!!';, Alhert",. 0 . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 201 Fyfe, Rev. R. A" D.D,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Gamhle. Clarke....................,......,...... 132 Gearing, .Joseph......,.,...."................... 345 George f::tr et Methodist Chapel.... . , . . . . . . . . . . , , RO Good. .James............. ., ............... .59,192 Gou h, .John B...,.................. " .. , . . .... . . 235 Grange, The.....................,......,........ 110 Grasett. Rev. H,.Jo .. .. _... _ . . , . . . . . . , , . . . . . . , 266 Green. Rev. Dr. Anson........... .........,..... 342 GuthrIe's Grammar,. . . , . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 16 368 INDEX PAGE Half-way-house .......................,......... 38 Harper, John... ... . . . . . . , . . . . , .: . .. . . . . . .. " . . . . . 152 Harris, Thomas D... . .. . . . . ... ... .. .. ...... ...... 185 Harrison. Robert A... . . . .. , ., . . , ,. . . . .. . .. .. .... 146 Harte.s School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .51, 143 Harvie, John.................................... 193 Henrietta Street................................. 44 Heron, Andrew..,...........,................... 191 Holy Trinity Church- Endowment of. .. . ..... .. _ ... ,.. .. ... . ... . .... . 271 List of rectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Ministers and officers of, in 1913..............,. 274 Holland, John.....,..........,.................. 353 Honstein, John..................... ,. . .. . . . . . . .. . 61 Hopper, Mrs. R. P... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Hornby, Dr. Reginald........................,... 105 Humphrey, J. D...................,. _ _. .., .. .. .56,215 Illuminating gas. discovery of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 200 Immigration, 1840-1851........................... 163 Jackson, :Maunsell B............ ..."..,.......21, 146 Jall, the old County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Jarvis, S. P...... _ . . . . _ . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 JenninKs, the Rev. Dr. .John. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Johnston. Rev. Hugh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .. 335 Kane. Paul.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 217 KeatinK, Michael.....,.....,............,........ 141 Kptchum. .Jesse. ., .. ... .... . .. . . . .. ... . .. . . .. " .95. 2R!) Kidd, .John..................................... _ 91 Kin 's ColleP.'e,... . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Kln stone, F. ,Y........,., _ _ _ . , . . . _ . , . . 5!'> Kin !';ton-nrst Par1iampnt hf>ld there.. . . .. .. .. .. . U6 Kinnear, Thoma!';, murl1er of..,.. _".,....,..... 19!'> Knox Church.. . . . , . . ., .........,.......,........ 149 Lady El ;n, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . , _ _. . 192 T an('prs, The......................,......,...... 1211 Lan lpy. Henry. . 345 Latham, .Tarob,...............,................,. 53 I..auder. A, W. . . . , . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . . . . ,. 344 IÆwson, Robert......,.......,....,......... . 299 La.wson. William,.............................,.. 274 Licenses. comparative statement of. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 234 Lind. Jenny...........,.. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 :.rackpnzle. William Lvnn . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . , . . . . 105 fR.Kra th, rajor Thom.as......"...,............. 128 faKrath, Captain .Jamps,...................,... 12R farket, The...,.....".......................... 30 1'\fa!'lon, T. G,.........",..,.....,.........,..... 344 Mason, W. T..........,.........,............... 344 u 369 INDEX }'fassey, Chester.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mercer, Andrew...............,................. Metcalfe, Sir Charles.............,.. _ . . . , . . . , . . . Methodist Church- First in Toronto..............,................ 283 Flules regarding amusements........... ...... ,. 249 Condition of membership... .. " .. . .. .. .. . " ,. . . 249 Metropolitan Methodist Church- List of ministers................ . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 351 Trustees in 1914................. _ . , . . . . . . . , . . 352 Superintendent of Sunday school and organist. .. 352 .. Minos." man-of-war......,................,.... 141 Monro, George. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .29, 130 Moodie. Mrs, Susanna....... .. ... .., " . . .. . .. ., ., 211 Morrison, Hon. .J. C... " . .. ... . " .. . . .. . .. .... . . . 194 Morrison, Dr, Thomas D.,..,.................... 285 Murdock, William, discoverer of illuminating gas. 200 McCaul, Flev. Dr. .John.......................... 213 PAGE 360 4'i' 139 Nationalities of Toronto. comparative statement.. 163 Nationalities of Hoper Cana(!a in 1848. ..... .'. _ . .. 165 Nati.onalfties of FrenC'h and En lish Canadians in Lower Canada citlps, etc.. _ . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . _ . tR6 North American Hotel,., , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 33 O('ean voya e, 1834................,............. 11 O'Connor, Matthew....,.. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 162 Ontario House..,................................ 44 Os oode Hall.,........,..................,....., 59 Os goode, Thaddeus................,.............. 286 Pa lac': of thp Bishop of Toronto. . . . . . . , . . . _ . . . . . . 38 Palmer, Ell ,T............,.....,................. 219 Patrick, W, P........... . . . . , . . . . _ . . . . _ . . .. ..... 28fí Pearson. Thomas........,................... 11. 172, 1 R2 Petch, Flobert,....,.....................,.. 64. 283, 286 Philharmonic ociety, flr t or anizp" in Toronto, . , 213 PhHharmonic Society, 1871. flr t officers.. . .. . . . ,. 213 Post Office- In 1839..................., . _ . . . . _ . .. . . . .. .. . 35 Description thereof in 1847.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 176 Starr in 1847. " . " . . . . . . . . . ., . . .. . ., '" '" .. ... 17j) Tran!'lfer to Canadian Government.............. 182 Postage-- Fla tes of.......,.........,...........,... _ . . . . 177 Reduction in, to 3d,... . . , . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .. 183 Stamps, introduction of...............,........ 177 Primitive Methodist Chapel...................... 103 Primitive Methodist Church- Origin ........................................ 274 First building.........,..,..,.... ............ 276 Second and third building.. . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 279 370 INDEX Prince of \-Vales, celebration on news of his birth Prlvat, Louis, hotel. . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . Punch In Canada... Punshon, Rev. Dr." Queen's College, incorooratlon of.., Queen Street Me hodist Church- Some early ministers.....,.... Original trustees of............ Sunday school superintendents.., Ralnsford, Rev. W. S... , . . . . . . . . . . , , . , Regiopolls College, Incorporation of..... Reminiscences of election of 1841. . _ . . . . Richardson. Captain Hugh........,.. Richmond Street Methodist Church- First trustef'Q. Colored .............................. Sunday school valedictory service . . List of ministers.............. . . . . . . . . Sunday school superintendents...,............. Sunday school, former scholars, ministers of the Gospel ......'.... " . .. '.,....,. Earlv pewholders,.. .......... Trustees In 1887.. Roaf, Rev. .John.........,......... Robinson, Chief .Justice Sir .J. B.. Robinson, Sir .James Lukin..... Robinson, Hon. .John Beverley........ Robinson, Christopher ......, ., . . . . . . Robinson, Mrs. .John Beverley............. Rosedale, residence of SherUf .Jarvis, Royal Floating- Baths.. , Royal Welsh Fuslllers.., Ryerson, Rev. George..... . . . . Ryerson, Rev. Dr. EgertoJ1 Rykert, Charles .J... Scadding, Dr. Henry., Schools in 1840.. . . . . . . . Sco ch element In business. Shaw, 1\IIss......,... Sherwood. Hon. Henry.. Sherwood. SamueL., Stanton, Robert..,.........,..................... Stayner, Thomas Allen, Deputy Postmaster General Steamer .. Britannia" . . . , Stennett, Rev Walter, Strachan. Bishop.... Strathy, Dr. G. 'V... . Stoyles, Dr. Thomas.. St. Andrew's Church....... .. ...,.... St. George's Church, a grand musical servlC'e... . 371 PAGE 140 112 179 345 221 292 293 294 244 222 131 32 302 303 306 311 312 312 313 315 65 76 77 77 77 216 118 35 134 104 , .344. 345 70 11>. 54. 272 231 168 55 130 33 182 176 22 272 266 213 286 73 149 INDEX St. James' Cathcdral- PAGK Some original pewholdere....., 254 Its first incumbent and churchwardens. . . 255 Destruction by fire in 1839 and 1849.. 261 Laying of corner-stone. . . , ., - 261 Clock ....,."... . . . . . . . , . . . . , 26% List of rectorb.......,.........,.... _ _ _ 266 Clergy and churchwardens in 191iJ. . 266 Choir in 1843.............,. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 St. Michael's Cathedral, incidents excavating foun- dation thereof......,....................,... 151 Taylor, :\Irs. S. E... , . . , .. "...... . Temperance Society, first organization. , . . . , , Thomas. 'Vflllam... Thompson, Charles,. ThomDson, Thomas.... _.,..._ Thomson, Sir Charles Poulett...... , . . . , . . . . . . . , . Thurston, David,.........., _ . _ . . . .. ., Tiffany, Rev. Dr. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . Tilt, James... . .. . . , . . . . .. . " . " . . . . Toronto- Origin of name, 15 In 1839.... ..., . . . . . .. ..,.,. _ 22 University building. . ................... 223 University, President of................. 226 University. federated institutions. . . , . . . . . . . . . " 223 Academy ......................., _ " ..,..... _ 231 Towler, IVlrs.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , 277 Townsend. J. T.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ , . _ 188 Toye, Benjamin B. . . . . . . . . . . . . " 187 Travelling in 1834, .........' . .15,17 Treble, Mrs. Massl' -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Trini ty College, orig-inal trustees of. , . . . . . . . . . . . " 227 Tully, Rivas. . . . . . . . . ,. .., . _ _ _ , . . . .148, 226 Turner, Robert John.. . . . . . .. '" . ., . 61 288 23b 15 31 275 136 343 348 146 United Presbyterian Church.,. . ... " . .. . . ., 149 University of Toronto. ..........,............, 220 Upper Canada Academy, incorporation of. , , . . . . . , 221 227 Victoria College, Principals and Chancellors of. . . . Walker, Robert... . . . Wal ton, Benjamin.., Weller, Wllliam..,........,.,. Whitley, Mrs., boaTilfn -house. Whittemore, E. F..... 'Vidmer, Dr. Christopher... Wild pigeons.....,... Wilkie, Thomas J. . . . . , . Wilkinson, Rev, Henry Wiman, Erastus..., Z75 343 31 ........... 69 .,. .75, 206. 206 ,..., ..... .... 28 .. . ... . . _. . ,. . , . _ ,.. 51 . . . . . .... . . '. . . .... 357 '.,........... 330 146 Y.M.C.A.- Officers in 1856,.". ,.'....,.. _. 364 Officers in 1864.....,.,........"....".,.,.,.. 366 372 . , .1 " .. . , , II II , \ II .. 1 '. c II ( \ þ II r , .' - . ,. , . t